Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study shows that pheromones trigger unique neural excitation patterns in the brain, providing vital information about sex discrimination and social behavior. Individual neurons respond to specific animals based on their genetic identity, suggesting a complex pheromonal system.
Researchers found a specific neural structure processes pheromonal signals, governing mating and social behaviors. The 'pheromonal image' is akin to the visual 'face neurons' that recognize facial features.
A new study published in Nature reveals that all of Madagascar's living Carnivora descended from a single species that dispersed from Africa to the island. The findings refute two previously accepted models for mammal colonization and provide further evidence that lemurs also colonized the island in a single event.
Researchers found that North American red squirrels are adapting to warmer temperatures by advancing their breeding cycle by 18 days over 10 years. The team used quantitative genetics to separate individual plasticity from genetic adaptation, revealing a long-term trend of phenotypic plasticity.
Research finds that invasive animals typically have fewer parasites in new habitats, allowing them to dominate native populations. This advantage is attributed to the lack of matched parasites, enabling introduced species to outcompete less fit native species.
Researchers found that cardiac MRI technology can detect small areas of heart muscle death that are missed by traditional nuclear imaging techniques like SPECT. This is important because these microinfarcts can be early indicators of future severe heart problems.
Researchers have discovered that many insects, including crickets and wood beetles, breathe using a mechanism similar to human lungs. The study used x-ray imaging to reveal rapid breathing cycles, producing air exchange rates of nearly 50 percent.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that administering small doses of carbon monoxide before a 'balloon-like injury' to mouse carotid vessels reduced arteriosclerotic lesions by 60-80 percent. This suggests potential benefits for patients undergoing angioplasty or heart transplant procedures.
Researchers found that cockatiels and turtledoves generate more power in linear flight than magpies, attributed to their tail and wing structure. The study provides insight into how muscles are used to produce power for flight at different speeds.
Scientists discovered that early mammals used epipubic bones to stiffen their bodies during trotting steps, allowing for increased mobility and locomotor efficiency. This finding suggests that the development of these bones contributed significantly to the evolution of mammals.
A study published in Science reveals that Toxoplasma parasites can rapidly adapt to new hosts, allowing them to infect a wide range of animal species and spread worldwide. This discovery raises the possibility of other parasites undergoing similar changes, potentially presenting new threats of infection.
Researchers at Northwestern University are using genome-wide mutagenesis to identify gene mutations that cause sex reversal in mice. The study aims to understand the function of mammalian genes and their role in gonad development, as well as infertility in humans.
Researchers studying the common Australian gecko Christinus marmoratus have found a protein growth factor that contributes to its ability to quickly regenerate its tail after losing it. This discovery is encouraging for treating human lymphoedema, but more research is needed.
A new study found that acute alcohol consumption increases plasma and brain testosterone concentrations in male rats, contrary to previous research. The study's authors suggest individual differences may underlie these variations, providing new insights into the behavioral and endocrine effects of alcohol abuse.
Bazer and Roberts identified proteins and mechanisms that regulate embryo development, fetal growth, and immune competence. Their research has clarified the biological mystery of signaling between embryo and mother to establish and maintain pregnancy in mammals.
Researchers have discovered that the molecule melanopsin is necessary for the pupil to constrict properly in response to light. Melanopsin is part of a distinct light-sensing pathway that complements the primary visual pathway, and its loss affects the pupillary light reflex, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and hormone secretion.
Scientists find that northern right whales in Grand Manan Basin are exposed to substantial amounts of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, which can cause chronic impairment and death. The toxins may affect diving capabilities, leading to poorer condition, reduced calving rates, and increased susceptibility to disease.
Researchers found that calorie-restricted diets reduced levels of proteins linked to cell death and increased beneficial protein ARC, which prevents neuron death. The findings have significant implications for alleviating memory loss and mental declines associated with aging.
Researchers at Brigham Young University have successfully tested a new method to concentrate the impact of cancer drugs on specific tissues, sparing healthy areas. The method uses tiny water-soluble plastic particles and ultrasound to release the drug at the tumor site, significantly reducing tumor size in laboratory animals.
Researchers studying baby loggerheads from 10 beaches across the Southeastern US found an unexpectedly small percentage of males, with only 15% of hatchlings from one northern beach being male. The study has significant implications for the future of the entire Southeastern loggerhead population.
Scientists have found that melanopsin plays a significant role in resetting the brain clock to light, but not in visual sight. The discovery suggests that light can reset the clock even if vision is impaired, and may have implications for general well-being, mood, activity levels, and performance.
Researchers from Purdue's schools of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine and IU School of Medicine will collaborate to study human diseases using animal models, improving understanding of muscle wasting, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. The $4.5M program aims to develop new treatments for devastating childhood diseases.
Researchers used satellite data to identify environments associated with human risk of hantavirus infection, finding that woody plants dominated high-risk sites. The study provides a way to monitor the environment for infectious disease risks and better understand why outbreaks happen where they do.
A unique insect study reveals that male antler flies deteriorate with age, showing a decrease in survival and mating success as they get older. The study provides valuable insights into the aging process in insects living in their naturally evolved environment.
Research suggests hatchery steelhead do not harm wild steelhead, but may jeopardize wild chinook survival rates. Studies reveal a strong negative association between hatchery steelhead and wild chinook smolt-to-adult survival.
Researchers developed a new tissue-engineering technique using fibroblast and endothelial cells to create functional blood vessels. The engineered vessels demonstrated durability and resistance to blood clots in laboratory tests and short-term animal experiments.
Scientists identified the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus as a key regulator of body weight, using a new method pioneered by OHSU researchers. Introducing peripheral hormone PYY 3-36 led to a significant reduction in food intake in both mice and humans, with participants feeling less hungry and eating fewer calories.
A new testing method for Johne's disease has been developed, allowing farmers to classify test results into five levels and make more informed decisions about cow management. This method enables the efficient handling of a large number of samples and saves farmers money by reducing the need for fecal culture tests.
Research on domestic rams reveals marked brain differences among those preferring same-sex and opposite-sex partners. The preoptic hypothalamus shows distinct variations in neurons involved in sexual behavior, shedding light on the biological basis of mate choice.
Conducted studies show a strong majority of consumers favor irradiated ground beef, with surveys indicating 70-80% support the process when informed. Irradiation eliminates 99.9% of pathogens without changing taste or nutritional value.
Researchers develop mice with nerve tracts stained by up to four different fluorescent jellyfish proteins, enabling them to study neural connections in the living brain. This approach reveals clues about how learning occurs in the brain, including the elimination of many connections after birth.
A Virginia Tech research project suggests that body size may not be directly related to evolutionary or ecological success. Early findings indicate that diversity and body size increased together during the history of life, but this relationship broke down at the end of the Ordovician period, around 440 million years ago.
Researchers have discovered a new drug that can prevent brain damage caused by strokes in the majority of patients. The drug, developed by University of Toronto researchers, works by blocking negative NMDA receptor stimulation, making it a potential practical stroke therapy.
Researchers have discovered a new therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the p53 protein. The compounds have been shown to prevent cell death and damage in animal models of stroke, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive automated test for detecting prions in cattle, sheep, deer, and elk, significantly improving the accuracy and speed of detection. The test, an immunological probe, uses novel antibodies to reveal and measure infectious abnormal prion protein.
An international team of scientists found that birds use alternative reproductive behaviors to avoid inbreeding depression when mates are genetically similar. Extra-pair paternity and quasi-parasitism occur at low frequencies, but more importantly, extra-pair parentage occurs when parents are more related to each other.
Scientists successfully delivered a tracer molecule to the primate brainstem using CED, tracking its movement with MRI and demonstrating uniform concentrations throughout the perfused area. This breakthrough has potential to improve treatment outcomes for children with brainstem gliomas and other neurological diseases
Researchers analyzed Anopheles gambiae genome for transposable elements to develop new ways to prevent malaria transmission. The study's findings have the potential to inform the design of new strategies against this devastating disease.
The NIH has awarded a ten-year, $19 million contract to Chimp Haven to establish a chimpanzee sanctuary. The sanctuary will provide humane care for retired research chimpanzees and operate under standards established jointly by the NCRR advisory panel and the Chimp Haven Board of Directors.
A recent study found that sea snakes exhibit strong homing instincts, returning to their native islands within a month after translocation. This suggests that populations may be more vulnerable to local threats and extinctions than previously thought.
The complete genome sequence of B. suis reveals fundamental similarities with Brucella melitensis, a related species that causes similar disease in goats and humans. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms enabling closely-related species to target different host animals.
Alexander Raikhel, a UC Riverside researcher, has received a $4.3 million NIH grant to study the regulation of genes in mosquitoes. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to developing means to interrupt disease transmission cycles and prevent mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus and Dengue Fever.
Researchers found that the quality of a male bird's learned song is linked to its attractiveness to females, who prefer well-copied wild-type songs. The study suggests that females use song-learning ability as an indicator of male quality and provides insight into the role of traits learned by males in sexual success.
Dr. Barbara Block, a MacArthur Award winner, will present the Scholander Award for outstanding research on comparative physiology. The award recognizes her work on tuna migration patterns using satellite-based tagging technology, which has implications for preserving tuna species and managing fisheries.
Researchers found that pythons exhibit specific dynamic action responses to certain foods, which are associated with increased energy expenditure. These findings suggest that pythons have evolved to optimize their metabolic rate by consuming specific diets.
Researchers studied muskrats' response to hypothermia, finding no metabolic benefit despite reduced diving heart rate. The study suggests alternative explanations for the muskrat's unique diving abilities.
A two-day symposium on food irradiation will examine the effects on meat flavor, antioxidant levels in fruit juices, and packaging material migration into food products. Researchers will also investigate irradiation's impact on astronaut meals and items sent through the mail.
Researchers at Duke University's Center for Neuroengineering will develop brain-controlled prosthetic limbs and apply brain-mapping technologies to aid surgeons in distinguishing healthy tissue from tumors. The center aims to increase resolution in mapping brain regions and enable control of complex robotic actions.
Jake Socha's research on the Chrysopelea paradisi reveals that the snake glides by undulating its body, changing amplitude and frequency while airborne. The study provides new insights into the aerodynamics of these 'flying' snakes, which can glide up to 70 feet across.
Researchers found that MSI-1436, a natural compound derived from dogfish shark liver, helped normal and obese mice and rats lose fat without losing muscle mass. Phase I trials are expected to begin next year to test its safety and effectiveness as an anti-obesity treatment.
A new technique developed by WCS scientists allows for accurate population density estimation of jaguars in the wild. Using camera traps and unique spotting patterns, researchers can now focus conservation efforts on areas with highest cat densities.
Researchers at Stockholm University found high levels of acrylamide in fried, oven-baked, and deep-fried potato products. Cooking at higher temperatures increases acrylamide formation, while boiling is considered the safest method.
A study by Andrew Hansen and Jay Rotella found that development near nature reserves can harm bird populations, as many species rely on productive habitats outside the reserve. The researchers suggest that conserving population source areas outside reserves is necessary to protect biodiversity in nature reserves.
Researchers used bat hibernation physiology to predict climate change effects, finding that warmer winters will allow little brown bats to expand their northern ranges. The study's findings highlight the importance of basic physiological processes in understanding ecosystem changes.
Purdue University scientists are using breakthrough molecular research and new technologies to diagnose Johne's disease in cattle. The disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, can lead to $1 billion in U.S. cattle industry losses annually.
Researchers discover tropical snake that tears apart and swallows soft-shelled crabs in pieces, unlike most snakes that swallow prey whole. This unique feeding behavior allows the snake to consume larger prey, and has implications for understanding vertebrate behavior.
A new study found that GLP-1 receptor agonists can increase heart rate and blood pressure in animals, suggesting potential risks for diabetes treatment. The findings may impact the use of these agents in humans with Type II diabetes.
A panel of experts reviewed the feasibility of caloric restriction in humans, considering its effects on physiology, genetics, and psychosocial health. The research aims to establish whether CR can provide benefits similar to those observed in lab animals.
Dr. David Bartel and colleagues have identified 16 novel miRNAs in Arabidopsis that regulate gene expression during development. The researchers demonstrate a plant homologue of the Dicer enzyme, CARPEL FACTORY (CAF), which processes plant miRNAs with sequence and structural similarities to animal miRNAs.
Researchers discovered that brightly colored and patterned spiny spiders in Australia are more effective at catching prey due to their vibrant colors. The spiders use their colors to mimic food sources like flowers, attracting visually oriented insects.