Researchers Xiaodong Song and Don Helmberger found two distinct layers in the inner core: a spherical lower part and an uneven upper layer with different material properties. The findings may affect the formation of the Earth's magnetic field.
To stabilize atmospheric CO2 content at twice pre-industrial levels, non-fossil energy generation must increase from 15% to 50% of global power generation by 2050. This requires a massive transition in the global energy system, equivalent to a 150% increase in current total energy production.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism discovered a statistically significant correlation between large magnitude earthquakes (M7.0+) and volcanic eruptions separated by up to 750 km, suggesting potential predictive capabilities for monitoring small deformations in active volcanoes.
A study suggests that triple-drug treatment regimens are superior to less intensive therapies in maintaining HIV suppression. Researchers found that patients who switched from three-drug to two- or one-drug treatment regimens were more likely to experience a resurgence in their HIV levels.
Researchers have created a technique to map underground iron oxide layers, providing ideal habitats for microbes that can clean up heavy metals and organic chemicals. This method will help track the movement of these microbes through the earth and improve bioremediation efforts.
Researchers developed portable isotopic neutron spectroscopy (PINS) to analyze warhead contents, revealing most Solomon Islands warheads contained mustard gas. The system uses neutrons from californium to record gamma-ray emission, identifying chemical elements and fills.
Researchers Norman H. Sleep and Cindy J. Ebinger find that a single giant plume of magma rose from Earth's mantle 45 million years ago, shaping Africa's striking geological features such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Ethiopian plateau.
A new study led by UCSF researchers found that anonymous HIV testing is associated with earlier diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a longer quality of life. The study showed that participants who underwent anonymous testing were diagnosed with AIDS 1.5 years later than those who tested confidentially.
Researchers discovered that mice lacking myoglobin survive normally despite their inability to transport oxygen. Further study will explore alternative genes that enable the heart and muscles to function correctly.
The new oven combines conventional heat and microwaves to cook food from the outside and inside simultaneously, resulting in significant cooking time reductions. It achieves this by surrounding the food in a shroud of hot air and heating it from below with microwaves.
Dinosaur tooth enamel holds secrets to ancient climate conditions, with new analysis suggesting middle latitudes may not have been warmer than today. Data from Madagascar indicates sub-tropical latitudes were warmer and more arid during the Late Cretaceous era.
A recent study of nearly 400 South Carolina women reveals that serious crime victims are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other emotional disorders. The effects were strongest for rape and life-threatening crimes, with robbery and burglary not linked to an increased risk.
A study conducted by University of California San Francisco expert Mac Roach found that high-risk prostate cancer patients who receive hormonal therapy in conjunction with radiotherapy have a 20% higher survival rate after eight years compared to those receiving radiotherapy alone. This suggests that prostate cancer patients may need t...
Researchers develop a novel microwave imaging technology to detect breast tumors without X-ray radiation, potentially reducing mortality rates. The technology uses microwaves to detect differences in water content between malignant and benign tumors.
The AAAS Annual Meeting brings together over 800 scientists and engineers to discuss groundbreaking research in various fields, including medicine, astronomy, and physics. Notable sessions cover topics like the influence of diet on breast cancer and the latest discoveries in astronomy.
Researchers have developed new methods to visualize the magnetosphere, a complex region surrounding Earth, by analyzing images of charged particles. The technique uses neutral atoms in space to create detailed maps of the magnetosphere's structure and behavior.
Researchers at UCSF and the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease have discovered a gene that encodes DGAT, a key enzyme in fat production. This finding has implications for understanding human energy cycles, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers investigate e-mail usage between doctors and patients, aiming to improve patient-physician communication and satisfaction. The three-year study will examine the effects on efficiency, phone calls, visits, and overall organization.
Researchers identify three mutations in tau gene causing hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, providing new direction for exploring Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that abnormal tau protein accumulation kills brain cells, potentially leading to the development of treatments for related diseases.
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting will focus on key topics such as emerging trends in drug design and development. Recent research also highlights the risks of sound-alike drugs causing prescription errors and the impact of high altitudes on drug efficacy.
Paleomagnetic dating indicates that humans or their ancestors lived in Spain over 780,000 years ago. The technique, pioneered by Josep Pares, measures magnetic minerals in rocks to determine the age of human fossils and tools. This discovery sheds new light on early human evolution in Africa and Asia.
Research suggests high levels of religious involvement are associated with better health status, likely due to behaviors such as increased social support, positive self-image, and healthy lifestyle choices. Regular church attendance also contributes to better mammography screening status.
A study by University of Georgia and New Zealand Forest Research Institute found seven genes causing pine tree death due to inbreeding. Inbred trees suffer from slow growth, deformities, and sudden deaths before maturity.
Researchers discovered brief, rapid warming episodes at the end of the last Ice Age that melted glaciers and affected Great Lakes climate. These events may be linked to El Nino Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation.
A new study found that chronic stress can reduce the activity of natural killer cells in people with a history of cancer, especially those caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that high levels of perceived stress and biological predisposition to cancer can compromise the body's ability to fight cancer.
A study of over 500 couples found that marriage leads to a temporary increase in physical activity, particularly among new brides and grooms. However, this effect is short-lived, and all groups show similar activity levels by the tenth year.
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) has launched an online database of 2200+ abstracts from its 1998 Annual Meeting. The fully searchable database allows attendees to build a personalized itinerary for the meeting and plan which presentations to attend. Additionally, AAPS PharmSci will release online, print and...
Researchers found that athletes in a cognitive-behavioral stress management group experienced significant reductions in depressed mood, fatigue, and serum cortisol. These findings suggest that stress management programs can be an effective way to support athletes' mental health during intense training periods.
Research found that supportive social relationships slow HIV progression in later stages, but accelerate it in earlier stages. The correlation may be due to factors like high-risk behavior and stress associated with caring for others with HIV.
The study aims to scientifically evaluate the benefits of a Chinese herbal formula in alleviating multiple side effects of chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer patients. Participants will receive either the herbal formula or a placebo, with their progress monitored over 180 days.
Research found that hostile women with 'up-front-and-in-your-face' anger are at higher risk for high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, those who express anger less frequently or feel angry but don't show it outwardly have lower cholesterol levels.
Researchers have cloned a gene that causes zebrafish to develop a disease similar to congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) in humans. The sauternes mutation reveals a new mechanism behind the disease, potentially illuminating relevance for studying CSA in fish.
Research finds that people with inherited depression have fewer glia cells in the brain's subgenual prefrontal cortex, a region involved in stress responses. This difference is not seen in those without a family history of depression.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have created a way to create harmless vectors from harmful viruses. They showed that the vectors are efficient couriers of genes and can be used to study gene regulation and functions, as well as deliver DNA vaccines.
A national survey found that highly religious high school seniors are less likely to drink and drive, use tobacco or marijuana, and more likely to wear seat belts and eat healthy, with these trends holding true over time.
The AAPS is co-sponsoring the FDA Science Forum, bringing together experts in bioengineering, diagnostics, and regulatory science to discuss the impact of biotechnology on product development and regulation. The forum will cover topics such as gene therapy, cell and tissue engineering, and vaccine development.
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that two-thirds of analyzed newspaper coverage provided a negative representation of managed care, potentially influencing public opinion and policy. The study highlights the need for accurate and balanced reporting on healthcare issues.
Geologist Attila Kilinc proposes a new model to explain the forces behind explosive eruptions on Montserrat, citing the oxidation state of magma. The model suggests that mixing hotter and cooler magma leads to water formation, triggering an eruption. Further development of a detection system is needed to accurately predict eruptions.
Researchers have discovered ancient reptile nests in Arizona's Petrified Forest, dating back 220 million years. The finds push the fossil record of reptile nesting behavior back by 110 million years.
A Cornell University study found that grab bars, good diet, and moderate drinking can significantly enhance elderly bathing functionality. The benefits of using assistive devices outweigh the costs by preventing falls, injuries, and long-term care, according to assistant professor Nandinee Kutty.
University of Michigan scientists have developed a method to date near-surface fault activity using soft, chalky material called gouge. The research aims to improve earthquake risk assessment and nuclear reactor safety by determining a fault's recent activity and strength.
Researchers used electron microscopy to analyze 18th century Staffordshire-style earthenware, finding varying amounts of oxides added for color. The study suggests that cheap knock-offs may have been made and passed off as authentic Staffordshire pottery, highlighting the potential for mass production in the industry.
A Colorado State University project, funded by a $1.8 million grant, aims to catalogue and analyze below-ground organisms and their interactions with surface ecosystems. The study seeks to understand how human activities above ground influence biodiversity below ground and its consequences.
Research by University of Cincinnati geologist Thomas Lowell reveals that the ice sheet advances over land marched in step with the iceberg calving events over the ocean. The findings suggest that both land and sea events are responding to global cooling, reinforcing the pattern rather than initiating the change.
Researchers found up to 30% of fish showed signs of damage, including open wounds and underdeveloped ovaries, affecting reproduction. A thorough investigation is underway to determine the cause and potential consequences for other landfill sites.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation awards Wake Forest University School of Medicine a $1.9 million grant to develop a national technical assistance program for adult day centers, building on successful programs from 1987 and 1992.
A recent excavation at the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan has uncovered a skeleton and 150 surrounding artifacts dating back to approximately 100 A.D. The burial is suspected to have belonged to one of the city's rulers, providing critical information that could revolutionize modern understanding of Teotihuacan's culture and history.
A study found that physicians are slow to adopt newer medications for atrial fibrillation, with older drugs continuing to be used despite their limitations. The research team calls for better treatment guidelines and physician education to improve patient care.
Researchers will use computer simulation to test mathematical theories on faults and failure in complex networked systems. The goal is to develop methods to reduce the frequency of failures and limit their effects.
Researchers found that DES exposure suppresses a gene crucial for normal reproductive tract development in mice, leading to changes similar to those seen in women exposed to DES before birth. These changes can result in infertility and an increased risk of developing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix at a young age.
UB researchers found that a minor plant-based fat called B-sitosterol enhances an intracellular signaling system that tells cells not to divide, inhibiting prostate-cancer cell growth. The study showed a 28% inhibition of cancer-cell growth after five days in vitro.
Renewable energy sources, such as solar and nuclear power, are crucial to fill the gap between energy demand and supply. John D. Edwards predicts that world crude oil production will peak in 2020 at 90 million barrels per day, emphasizing the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy options.
The American Society of Human Genetics workshop presents an overview of early childhood cardiac disorders and their impact on quality of life in adulthood. Panelists discuss recognizing asymptomatic cardiac conditions and understanding the role of environmental factors in cardiovascular disease.
A study by Brown University researchers found that prenatal cocaine exposure can lead to lower IQ scores and language performance in children. The analysis of over 800 school-age children revealed a significant impact on intelligence, with an average IQ score reduction of 3.26 points.
Researchers trained monkeys to discriminate computer-generated images containing different numbers of objects and respond in ascending order. The study suggests that monkeys share human-like capacity for simple arithmetic, potentially tracing human intelligence to animal origins.
A recent study suggests that El Nino events can be predicted several months in advance, with seasonal averages in the tropics being the most predictable. The research identifies sea surface temperature, soil wetness, vegetation, and snow cover as key factors influencing weather patterns.
Researchers studied 1,200 female crack users, finding that exchangers were four times more likely to have been in substance abuse treatment and twice as likely to be homeless. The study aims to develop effective HIV prevention measures targeting women at risk of exchanging sex for drugs.
The Joint Genome Institute has exceeded its goal of sequencing 20 million base pairs for fiscal year 1998 and is on track to complete the entire human genome project in five years. The JGI's advanced technologies have enabled it to reach rates of over 2.5 million base pairs per month.
Researchers found that brain areas active during eye movements also control visual attention, shifting focus to peripheral areas. This discovery suggests a shared neural basis for these functions, with potential implications for understanding early mammalian cognition and primate social behavior.
The Southwestern Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery has launched two state-of-the-art endosuites at Zale Lipshy University Hospital, enabling surgeons to perform complex procedures with minimal incision and bleeding. The suites are designed to teach practicing surgeons and students, offering enhanced care and educational opportunities.