A new NASA-funded study reveals that human-caused land-use changes significantly contribute to climate change, potentially more so than greenhouse gas emissions. The research proposes a method for comparing different climate change factors, highlighting the importance of land surface changes in redistributing heat and affecting regiona...
A UC Berkeley study analyzed 27 clinical trials and found that combining Chinese herbal treatments with interferon alfa was 1.5-2 times more effective in reducing viral load than using interferon alfa alone. The most promising results came from patients using a combination of bufotoxin and kurorinone with interferon alfa.
Regular aerobic and weight-lifting activities can help diabetics control blood sugar and lower blood pressure, also providing cardiovascular benefits. Exercise training reduces total and abdominal fat, leading to improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and blood vessel function.
Researchers found that a synthetic antioxidant, AEOL 10150, significantly reduced brain tissue destruction and neurological deficits in mice after stroke. The compound protected potentially salvageable tissue surrounding the damaged cells.
The MIT model provides predictive capabilities for understanding defect nucleation and growth, crucial for nanotechnology. It explains how defects like cracks or dislocations develop from waves in four stages, providing a key finding for materials science.
Researchers have found that neural stem cell transplants in mice improve specific components of motor function, but not cognitive abilities. The study suggests that neural stem cells could be a promising therapy for humans with traumatic brain injuries.
Rutgers University has been awarded $4.3 million by the NSF for the Maize Genome Sequencing Project, which aims to sequence the maize genome and understand its complex genetic structure. The project has the potential to improve crop yields and develop new approaches to genomic studies.
The OHSU team will develop three miniaturized ultrasound devices that can be inserted into the heart to provide treatment through a single catheter, eliminating the need for invasive surgeries and improving patient outcomes. The devices will feature Doppler imaging and high-frequency sound waves to detect and treat abnormal heart rhythms.
Dr. Babs Soller's team is working on a sensor system that can measure blood and tissue chemistry without the need for blood draws or incisions, providing accurate readings unaffected by skin color or body fat. The device has potential applications in space medicine, emergency rooms, ambulances, and exercise training.
Researchers found that minority children are over five times more likely to have their accidental injuries evaluated for child abuse compared to Caucasian children. However, when adjusted for likelihood of abuse, minority children were significantly more likely to receive a skeletal survey and be reported to child welfare authorities.
Researchers found a significant decrease in new HIV infections among injection drug users in Baltimore between 1988-1990 and 1995-1998, with rates dropping from 4.45% to 1.84%. Higher education, income, marriage, and social support were associated with reduced risk.
A recent UC Berkeley study contradicts earlier findings on girls with ADHD, revealing they are severely impaired academically and socially. The study, conducted over six weeks, found these girls have difficulty making friends, exhibiting aggressive behavior, and displaying social isolation.
A JAMA study found that pharmacist interventions significantly improved peak flow rates for patients with asthma, but not those who received standard care. The study also showed a notable decrease in breathing-related emergency department or hospital visits among the intervention group.
The American Chemical Society has awarded US Representative David Price for his efforts to advance science and technology in public policy. He has increased research funding at major agencies, strengthened science education, and promoted environmental protection through legislation.
Researchers Irwin Chaiken, Nouri Neamati, Alan C. Sartorelli, Nan-Sook Lee, Elias Lolis, and Min Lu received awards for their work on preventing HIV from infecting host cells, developing integrase inhibitors, and making current drugs more effective. The $500,000 award aims to encourage new approaches in HIV/AIDS therapy research.
A new software-based approach developed by Penn State engineers allows subscriber signals to be processed ahead of others experiencing strong co-channel interference, improving efficiency and minimizing interference in wireless local loops.
Rep. Jerry Lewis has been recognized for his advocacy of science and technology programs at the Department of Defense. His leadership has led to an increase in funding for defense science and technology since becoming chair of the House National Security Appropriations Subcommittee.
The University of New Hampshire has launched a biomedical research network, NH-BRIN, with a $5.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The network aims to improve science understanding and capabilities in students and faculty across the state, enabling researchers to develop effective therapies and medicines.
Researchers found that patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid experienced fewer bone complications and less pain compared to those who received a placebo. Additionally, tumors in patients treated with the HuMV833 antiangiogenic antibody showed marked differences in antibody uptake, distribution, and clearance.
The Avon Foundation has awarded $2.5 million in initial grants through its Progress for Patients program, supporting translational research on breast cancer at eight institutions. The grants focus on minority and underserved women, with a goal of closing the gap between discovery and delivery in breast cancer research.
A study in southern India found that selling a kidney led to a decline in economic and health status for the seller, with only 14% experiencing no negative effects. The findings contradict arguments in favor of financial incentives, suggesting they may deter organ donations instead.
Researchers have developed several low-cost environmental interventions to reduce noise in nursing homes, resulting in a 16-fold reduction in noise levels. These interventions include sound-absorbing panels, reducing TV noise by moving speakers to bed headboards, and experimenting with tiny speakers embedded in bed pillows.
A study found that a pharmacists' care program improved patients' lung function only slightly, and resulted in more hospital and ER visits. Despite the boost in patient satisfaction with their pharmacists, the modest effect on medical conditions and quality of life was disappointing.
A study found that visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV DNA testing are less expensive alternatives to traditional Pap smear screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. VIA, performed every 5 years in women ages 35-55, was the least expensive approach and saved the most lives.
A randomized trial of breast self-examination (BSE) in Shanghai found no difference in breast cancer mortality between BSE and control groups. However, women taught BSE had more benign breast lesions detected during every year of the trial.