The study found that voluntary organisations play a greater role in designing and delivering policies, but face growing tensions between leadership and participation. To deliver effective results, they need to maintain their autonomy and critical edge.
A mathematical model developed by Don Klinkenberg suggests that partial vaccinations can effectively control the spread of swine fever. The model indicates that vaccination reduces the spread of the virus but does not completely prevent it, allowing for epidemic persistence for several months.
A new software package called MiniCog is being developed to evaluate cognitive processes and determine mental readiness for tasks. The program uses a series of nine cognitive tasks to assess attention, working memory, problem-solving ability, and other mental functions.
Researchers have discovered that Solanum sisymbriifolium can eliminate potato cyst nematodes from the soil, which are difficult to control. By cultivating this plant between potato harvests, farmers may be able to reduce the need for pesticides and improve crop yields.
Researchers found that workplace-based physical activity counseling programs significantly improved employees' physical activity levels and fitness. The program, called PACE, was tailored to individual readiness for change and showed greatest benefits for those with less-favorable health profiles.
Graphite exhibits superlubrication when layers rotate relative to each other, reducing resistance and enabling smooth sliding. A new friction force sensor allows researchers to study this phenomenon, which could improve the lubricating qualities of graphite.
Researchers are developing user-centered design guidelines to reduce pesticide exposure among ethnic minority farm workers, improving safety and communication. The project aims to create more effective risk communications, applicable to all farm workers regardless of ethnicity.
A two-year study found that environmental changes in middle schools increased boys' physical activity during school hours, leading to improved body mass index. However, no significant change was observed in girls' physical activity or dietary fat intake.
Researchers have discovered that combining endostatin and tumstatin may prove more effective in battling cancer than either one used separately. The two inhibitors work through distinct mechanisms, targeting different integrins to inhibit angiogenesis.
German researchers found oral sildenafil improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A study also revealed African-American children have a much higher hospital readmission rate for asthma, over four times that of other races/ethnicities.
Research suggests that clitoral surgery can lead to non-sensuality and difficulty achieving orgasm in individuals with intersex conditions. The study highlights the need for informed consent and further research on this topic.
Researchers have developed gallium nitride nanotubes that exhibit optical properties similar to carbon nanotubes but with a transparent structure. These tubes hold promise as chemical sensors due to their ability to attach organic molecules, making them useful for microfluidic applications.
Researchers found A-beta plaques in lenses from Alzheimer's patients, similar to those in brain tissue. The discovery could lead to a non-invasive test for disease diagnosis and tracking.
A recent study suggests that primate cloning is difficult to achieve, even for embryonic stem cells. The researcher proposes a ban on reproductive cloning, citing moral and social concerns. This approach may lead to alternative methods for medical research using embryonic stem cells.
Researchers found that aerosolized cyclosporine specifically enhances lung function in patients who deposit higher concentrations of the drug. Patients who deposited at least 5mg showed significant improvement in lung function over time.
A study published in The Lancet found that retrograde catheterization of the aortic valve can lead to clinically silent cerebral embolic lesions, with a substantial risk of structural ischaemic brain damage. Patients undergoing this procedure are at risk of clinical neurological complications, including impaired neurological function.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University discovered two new instances of Type Ia supernovae, providing valuable insights into the early evolution of the universe. The identified stars are believed to be around 4.7 and 7.6 billion light years from Earth, offering a better understanding of cosmic distances.
Research reveals that British Muslim LGBTQ+ individuals face significant challenges in navigating their identities amidst conservative Islamic teachings and family pressures. The study highlights the importance of providing tailored support services to address these complex issues.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program provides funding for innovative research into HIV/AIDS treatments. Researchers will be selected based on the potential importance of their project, originality, and ability to conduct the proposed research.
A University of Toronto study estimates that pain pump programming errors could result in up to 667 deaths, with reporting rates ranging from 1.2% to 7.7%. The researchers recommend redesigning the control panel using human factors engineering techniques to reduce human error.
The study generates a comprehensive description of human chromosome 7, including medically relevant landmarks and disease-related mutations. The database is publicly accessible, enabling healthcare professionals and researchers to identify specific genes associated with diseases such as autism.
Researchers identified a new transcriptional regulator of CBF genes, ICE1, which increases cold tolerance in Arabidopsis plants. The discovery is expected to provide a new way to improve the ability of domesticated crops to survive in cold temperatures.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center found that chromosomal problems exist within each individual cell, leading to developmental abnormalities. The study suggests that current techniques used for reproductive cloning do not work in nonhuman primates.
Astronomers discovered a galaxy without a visible central bulge but with a massive black hole, challenging previous assumptions about the formation of supermassive black holes. The galaxy's black hole has a mass approximately 10,000 to 100,000 times that of the sun.
Researchers have found an optimum amount of fluid motion enhances fertilization significantly, applicable to various species including humans. They also discovered a molecule controlling sperm navigation and an inhibitor blocking its effects.
The Avon Foundation-AACR International Scholars in Breast Cancer Research program provides two-year grants to four junior-level faculty members from limited opportunities countries. The program aims to enhance breast cancer research and clinical care globally.
A study has identified that ophthalmology clinics are an ideal setting to screen elderly patients for depression, dementia, and functional impairment. Easy-to-use screening tools have been shown to be effective in identifying at-risk patients and improving healthcare outcomes.
A new study published in The Lancet has found that laparoscopic adhesiolysis does not provide substantial pain relief or improvement in quality of life for patients with adhesions and chronic abdominal pain. The study recommends abandoning this procedure as a treatment option.
Studies found associations between high blood pressure, retinal changes, and increased risk of stroke and age-related macular degeneration. Hypertension and pulse pressure may be markers for small-vessel diseases that predict stroke and other vascular events.
A UT Southwestern research team found that inactivating LRP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells causes abnormal PDGF receptor signaling, leading to vessel wall susceptibility to cholesterol buildup. The researchers discovered that Gleevec significantly reduces atherosclerosis development by 50% in mouse models.
A recent study found that patients over 40 years old have a higher risk of needing LASIK retreatments, while those with high refractive error and astigmatism also require more frequent corrections. The study's results suggest that lifting flaps using manual technique can reduce the need for recut flaps during retreatments.
Researchers tested a combination of caffeine and ethanol, called caffeinol, in human patients after ischemic stroke. The study found that the combination reduced brain damage by up to 80% in previous animal studies, with human results showing similar protective effects.
A new study found that genes protecting against prion diseases, which can be spread through eating contaminated flesh, have long been widespread globally. The research suggests that prehistoric humans practiced cannibalism, leading to the spread of protective genetic variations.
Women who struggled with depression during smoking cessation treatment were more likely to relapse, drop out of treatment, and experience increased depressive symptoms. Research suggests that addressing depression through targeted treatment approaches can help improve smoking cessation outcomes for these women.
Researchers at Saint Louis University found that injecting human umbilical cord blood cells into rats after a stroke improved sensorimotor function. The treatment may provide a potential source for restoring neuronal function after a stroke.
Scientists have observed eight-fold configuration of quasiparticle interference in a high-Tc superconductor, predicting a peculiar electronic state known as the 'stripe phase.' This discovery calls into question the necessity of stripes for superconductivity in high-temperature materials.
The CT1 is a small, wireless device providing pain relief with minimal side effects. It can be used for various conditions such as arthritis, minor cuts, and surgical procedures.
A new interactive CD-ROM guides parent educators on teaching adults and children about healthy eating habits, which are linked to reduced cancer risk. The program aims to increase fruit and veggie consumption among African-Americans, who face higher cancer risks.
Researchers from the University of Virginia measured microvascular diameters in response to static magnetic field exposure in skeletal muscle. The study found a restorative, biphasic effect on microvascular tone acting to normalize tone following exposure, with primary mediation by smaller resistance arterioles.
Research suggests that mother-infant bed sharing is associated with higher infant heart rates, particularly in non-REM sleep stages. The study found a significant increase in heart rate during bed sharing nights, with smaller increases seen during REM sleep.
A new study investigates the likelihood that physical activity level regulation with aging is controlled, in part, by genetic factors. The research found significant differences between strains of female mice in physical activity measurements, suggesting a genetic influence on age-related changes in daily physical activity levels.
Researchers found that exposure to environmental cues linked to heroin administration reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in rat spleen, lung, and liver tissues. This suggests that environmental cues associated with drug use may contribute to altered susceptibility to infection.
Researchers found that simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering statin, prevents diet-induced arterial hypertension and metabolic insulin resistance in mice by stimulating nitric oxide bioavailability. This effect appears to be related to stimulation of vascular NO availability.
Researchers discovered 13 novel nucleotide variations in the coding region of the SCN5A gene, which is responsible for the initial upstroke of the heart's action potential. The study suggests that genetic variation may play a role in the ethnic difference in disease susceptibility among Japanese patients.
A new study reveals that consuming caffeine and ephedra prior to exercise alters the cardiovascular system by increasing blood pressure and hypersensitive response. The combination also heightens systolic blood pressure before exercise, indicating greater demands on the heart.
A study found that patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) who have reduced cardiac output and blood volume may exhibit decreased left ventricular function. The researchers used nuclear ventriculography to assess the heart's functioning in CFS patients and healthy controls during exercise and postural stress.
Researchers found that Noggin prevents premature skull fusion by keeping bone-promoting proteins apart. The discovery could lead to early diagnosis and treatment of infants at risk, offering a promising alternative to complex craniofacial surgery.
Teggreen, a green tea polyphenols product, improves lipid and glucose metabolisms in obese rats by enhancing insulin sensitivity and balancing fat deposit and burning. The study reveals significant benefits of Tegreen treatment, including decreased fasting blood glucose and serum triglycerides.
Researchers have discovered that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block the IL-6 activation of STAT1, a protein that triggers malignant growth in colorectal cancer cells. The findings could lead to new treatments for the disease.
Ultra-wideband technology offers advantages in communication due to its wide spectrum range. The technology allows for efficient transmission and reception of data without interference, enabling military communications to remain secure and domestic devices to achieve higher data rates.
Researchers found that dopamine levels increased significantly before laboratory rats chose to get more cocaine, paralleling human addictive behavior. The findings suggest that real-time increases in dopamine may control drug-taking behaviors and inform treatment for cocaine addiction.
Uninsured cancer patients receive far less health care, with higher out-of-pocket spending compared to privately insured patients. The study highlights disparities in healthcare coverage between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations, with uninsured Hispanic patients facing significant barriers to care.
A new study has established genetic associations in hepatitis C, finding correlations between the CD4 and IL-1B genes and disease activity. The research suggests a possible role of intrahepatic CD4 T cells in hepatic injury and immune response to HCV infection.
Researchers discovered that one out of six patients with a history of atrial fibrillation had asymptomatic episodes, highlighting the need for regular blood thinning to prevent stroke. The study suggests doctors should assume the worst when treating patients at risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke.
Recent marijuana use was more predictive of continued tobacco smoking than marijuana use months prior. Participants who used daily marijuana were over three times more likely to still smoke tobacco. Approximately 66% of recent marijuana users tried to quit tobacco during the following 13 years.
Researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center found that the novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 works synergistically with certain chemotherapy agents but not others, suggesting a critical role of sequence in treatment efficacy. The findings have important implications for future clinical trials and potential cancer treatments.
Researchers found that prenatal ethanol exposure led to partial central diabetes insipidus in young adult rats, characterized by increased water consumption and reduced vasopressin release. This finding may provide insight into the pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus and offer potential treatment targets for this debilitating disorder.
A new study examines the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of consuming caffeine with naringin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit. The results show that caffeine significantly increases resting metabolic rate, but adding naringin does not further enhance energy expenditure or affect blood levels of caffeine.
A unique program, ENERGY, has been established to reduce childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes among elementary school students. The program incorporates science education enrichment activities to promote healthy eating and active living.
A Saint Louis University study found that fat mice get fatter as they age due to a blood-brain barrier defect, while skinny ones remain the same. The researchers propose identifying substances that impair leptin transport to develop new obesity treatments.