The Prostate Cancer Series assesses the epidemiology of prostate cancer, highlighting the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite progress in understanding diet-related risks, familial clustering, and ethnic variation remain poorly understood, presenting opportunities for further research.
Research suggests that employed African-American women have a 33% lower risk of coronary events compared to their homemaking counterparts. The study found no significant difference in heart disease rates among white women who worked outside the home and those who were homemakers.
A recent study by Penn researchers refutes prior research findings on the mental health impact of genetic testing for breast cancer. The study found that genetic testing is a tool for establishing truth and examining health strategies, rather than a source of anxiety.
Researchers have identified the matchmaker protein SYG-1, which guides nerve cells to form synapses during embryonic development. This discovery may lead to new treatments for disorders such as chronic epilepsy and chronic pain, where synapse formation goes awry.
A Wake Forest study found a high level of food insecurity among farm workers, especially those with children. The researchers recommend that agricultural employers, health and social service providers, and churches provide access to higher quality food for farm worker families to prevent future health problems.
A new study published in Critical Care found that 70% of transplant doctors would consider accepting organs from poisoned patients. This increase in organ donation could save lives and address the global shortage of healthy organs available for transplant operations.
The American Heart Association has released comprehensive guidelines for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in children. The guidelines recommend health promotion goals, identifying risk factors in childhood and safely modifying them without harm to the growing child. For high-risk children, specific testing is recommend...
A new study finds that children in low-income families are not harmed when their mothers leave welfare and enter the workforce. The research also suggests that mothers' entry into the labor force is related to improvements in adolescents' mental health, while exits from employment are linked to increased behavior problems.
Researchers discovered a new gene mutation that affects L-DOPA production, potentially leading to new treatments for glaucoma. The study found that administering L-DOPA prevented severe abnormalities in mice with a genetic defect similar to primary congenital glaucoma.
A groundbreaking study by University of Melbourne researcher Dr. John Sader challenges the widespread use of V-shaped cantilevers in atomic force microscopy. His research reveals that these microcantlevers actually degrade instrument performance and cause difficulties in calibration, contrary to accepted practice.
A single-visit approach combining visual inspection with acetic acid wash (VIA) followed by cryotherapy shows promising results in rural Thailand, with 94% of women testing negative for VIA at one year's follow-up. The program is safe, acceptable, and feasible, achieving moderate population coverage with high satisfaction rates.
A quadruple test that measures four maternal blood markers is more effective than earlier single marker tests in detecting Down's syndrome pregnancies. The test detected 81% of Down's syndrome cases, while a single marker test detected only 51%.
Researchers found that 84% of candidate websites facilitated voter involvement, with 21% offering additional features like e-cards and email lists. This shift towards more interactive websites enables supporters to become vocal advocates, potentially changing the outcome of elections.
Researchers pinpoint stellar production of helium, revealing it was 24-25% of matter in the primordial universe. The study's findings suggest metal-rich stars produce 2.1 times as much helium as metals, with implications for dark energy.
A study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism reveals that cartilage oligometic matrix protein (COMP) is present in blacks, with average levels higher in patients and men than in whites. COMP may serve as a biomarker for osteoarthritis progression.
A team of scientists led by Veronica Vaida investigated how visible light breaks down sulfuric acid molecules, revealing a new mechanism for the formation of the Junge layer. This discovery allows researchers to predict sulfate layer formation and model chemical properties of the Earth's atmosphere.
A recent study by Queen's University researchers has found a link between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and male infertility. TCE, used in various industrial applications, is metabolized in the human reproductive tract and can adversely affect sperm development.
Scientists at UCSD discovered a protein, HIF-1, that enables white blood cells to function in low-oxygen environments, leading to inflammation. Inhibiting this protein blocks inflammatory responses in mice, offering new hope for treating arthritis and potentially improving cancer treatment.
A five-year, $10 million project recruits families with multiple anorexia members to analyze DNA and identify genes contributing to the disease. The study aims to improve detection, prevention, and treatment of anorexia nervosa, a serious illness with high mortality rates.
Researchers found that JNK signaling suppresses tumor development, but its absence actually promotes tumor growth. This discovery could lead to new treatment strategies for certain types of cancer.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers found that blocking the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP2 may restore the immune system's ability to kill tumors. In mouse models, tumors grew smaller and mice survived longer when the EP2 receptor was absent.
Researchers found cocaine users had lower dopamine and VMAT2 levels in their brains compared to non-users. Additionally, depressed cocaine users had lower VMAT2 levels than those without depression.
According to University of Toronto researchers, the brain uses prior knowledge to guide perceptions and ignores or downplays small changes. The brain gauges probabilities and makes the best possible use of flawed sensor data to form a coherent picture.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered a primitive cellular pathway, Sonic Hedgehog, that stays active in some lung cancers. The pathway's activation leads to excessive cell growth and cancer. Researchers are testing drugs on mice and plan to explore human clinical trials in the future.
A new study links overweight individuals to poor community environments with crime and safety concerns. Missouri residents who perceived their neighborhoods as unsafe were more likely to be overweight.
A study of chronic drug users in Miami-Dade County found that 67% of women reported having a serious injury or traumatic event sometime in their life. The prevalence of such events was higher among women who abused drugs than those who did not, although treatment rates were similar.
Researchers increase vitamin C content in plants by introducing a gene that boosts the enzyme responsible for recycling vitamin C. The technology could provide an important means of increasing vitamin C levels in crops, improving nutrition and public health.
Researchers used computer climate models and over 45 years of data to understand the connection between El Niño events and Western US snowfall. They found that ENSO affects atmospheric wind patterns, moist air transport, and Western U.S. precipitation and snow accumulation.
The study found that roads, damage to tundra, and animal population decline are significant concerns. The report concludes that a balance must be reached between economic development and environmental protection in the North Slope region.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has been awarded a federal grant to monitor the nation's blood supply for new infectious agents, particularly relevant for thalassemia patients who require frequent blood transfusions. The program will also expand its efforts to identify new patients with thalassemia and provide comprehensive ser...
The US government has struggled to allocate resources effectively, with basic science being funded without practical ends. New criteria aim to prioritize fields based on their contributions to related areas, with peer review and economic evaluations playing a crucial role in the process.
A major study shows that taking 325 milligrams of aspirin daily can reduce the risk of developing polyps in the colon by 35%, a significant step towards preventing colorectal cancer. The study involved over 100 medical centers and clinics across the US, with patients who had previously suffered from colorectal cancer.
Breaux proposes extending coverage to all Americans through a basic health insurance plan with premium subsidies for low-income families. He also hopes the Senate will debate competitive Medicare modernization proposals, citing increased chances of passage due to Sen. Bill Frist's elevation to majority leader.
Researchers found that MDMA use can alter cardiovascular function and produce toxic inflammation in the heart. Chronic MDMA binge pattern was shown to change heart rate and blood pressure responses, similar to a vasovagal reflex, increasing risk of cardiovascular damage.
A daily aspirin regimen was found to significantly reduce the occurrence of pre-cancerous polyps in patients with a history of colorectal cancer, lowering their risk by about one-third. Aspirin's protective effect also prevented the development of new adenomas and reduced the number of existing polyps.
A randomized, double-blind study of over 1100 patients found that low-dose aspirin reduced the incidence of polyps by 19% and advanced lesions by more than 40%. Regular aspirin tablets also showed significant reductions in adenoma occurrence.
Changes in atmospheric pressure and wind patterns cause forces that act on the solid Earth, leading to slight slowdowns in Earth's rotation during El Niño years. This effect is tied to the law of conservation of angular momentum, which connects the Earth's rotation rate with its overall mass.
Researchers at UCLA have created a new method for producing carbon nanoscrolls, which can be made at room temperature and offer significant advantages over traditional carbon nanotubes. This breakthrough could lead to improved hydrogen storage, enabling the development of pollution-free, hydrogen-powered cars.
Scientists have successfully measured wind's interaction with the ocean, revealing a pattern consistent with a 1957 theory. The findings could improve climate modeling and prediction of weather and wave activity.
Researchers at Imperial College London have established a 'proof of principle' that prion diseases might be prevented using monoclonal antibody therapy. The treatment, which involves administering antibodies to mice infected with scrapie prions, appears to delay the onset of clinical disease indefinitely.
A large randomized trial found that daily aspirin use reduced the incidence of adenomas and prolonged time to appearance in colon cancer patients, offering strong evidence for its protective properties.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that treating children with ADHD with stimulants significantly reduces the risk of developing a substance use disorder. The researchers analyzed data from six long-term studies and found a two-fold reduction in SUD risks among treated youths compared to untreated peers.
Miller develops accurate chemical models by simulating traffic flow and manipulating equations to predict real-world outcomes. He aims to use these models to save laboratory time, money, and point to new avenues of research.
Reider's innovative method of integrating drug discovery and development led to the rapid approval of life-saving treatments, including indinavir and Singulair. His approach prioritized getting effective drugs to patients faster, despite acknowledging the risks involved.
Hancock's pioneering work on separating proteins using HPLC has significantly contributed to understanding complex disorders like cancer and Alzheimer's disease. His research utilizes mass spectrometry to analyze protein fragments and identify patterns in blood, paving the way for personalized medicine.
High levels of AIB1 expression in breast cancer tumors are associated with poorer tamoxifen treatment outcomes. Patients with both high AIB1 and HER-2 expression have significantly worse disease-free survival compared to other patient groups.
A study found that adding an extra hour of sleep to children's daily routine significantly improved their neurobehavioral functioning, including finger-tapping speed and reaction time. In contrast, reducing sleep by one hour had the opposite effect, with decreased night-wakings and increased percentage of sleep.
A study of wild black bears found that they recover from bone loss caused by inactivity through a mechanism involving increased bone formation during remobilization. This suggests that hibernating bears may minimize bone loss and completely recover lost bone, providing potential insights for treating osteoporosis.
Scientists have discovered a possible acceleration of type 1 diabetes in proinsulin 2-deficient non-obese diabetic mice, while promoting lymphangiogenesis as a potential treatment for lymphedema. Additionally, researchers found that CD44 is involved in the binding and uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting its role in tubercu...
Dalton's research team has developed new theory about the chemical behavior of solids, leading to innovative materials with effortless conversion capabilities. These materials have applications in intelligent sensors, remote monitoring, and medical diagnosis, as well as routing information on mobile military platforms.
A study found that higher plasma folate levels were associated with lower risk of breast cancer, while higher plasma vitamin B6 levels increased breast cancer risk. Plasma vitamin B12 levels inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Cystic fibrosis patients may have an increased risk of digestive tract can...
Jacox, a leading expert on free radicals, has been recognized for her contributions to spectroscopy. Her work reveals the importance of free radicals in driving chemical reactions and understanding their role in various molecular processes.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have localized the original mineral deposit site for most common stone formers and determined the composition of calcium phosphate crystals. This discovery refutes current theories on kidney stone formation, shedding new light on the disease's complex physiology.
Warner, a Baton Rouge chemist, has won a national award for his efforts to mentor minority students in chemistry. He has opened his laboratory to high school, college, and bachelor's level students, providing them with hands-on experience and inspiring them to continue formal studies in science.
Researchers have developed the first mathematical theory for RNA's possible states, showing that high temperatures allow it to fold into many shapes, while low temperatures cause it to collapse. This discovery has implications for understanding protein folding and the role of RNA in early life.
A renowned chemist at UC Berkeley has won a national award for his groundbreaking work on soft contact lens design. His research focuses on developing safer, more comfortable, and effective lenses through advanced materials and computational modeling.
A Rochester chemist has developed a new method to activate hydrocarbons directly with small, extremely reactive metals, cutting out an inefficient middle step in the process. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of plastics and other products.
Dr. Lerman received the Parsons Award for her tireless efforts to bring Chinese dissident Fang Li-Zhi to safety after the Tiananmen Square crackdown. She also developed an innovative science teaching method at Columbia College using dance, empowering underprivileged students.
USC researchers have discovered an oral cancer drug, zebularine, that can reactivate silenced genes and reduce tumor size in mice. The study found that zebularine is effective in both intraperitoneal and oral administration routes.
The study found that 50% of patients started taking dietary supplements, 40% made dietary changes, and 20% began new physical activities. Lifestyle changes were common among cancer patients up to two years after diagnosis and were often associated with improved health and well-being.