A study demonstrated that low-dose tamoxifen can maintain clinical effect against breast cancer, reducing Ki-67 levels and tumor proliferation. The study found no dose response, suggesting that lower doses of the drug may be equally effective in treating ER-positive breast cancer.
Researchers have discovered the first crystal structure of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1), an enzyme that metabolizes cocaine and heroin. The enzyme's structure holds promise for developing treatments for acute overdose and detoxifying chemical weapons, including nerve agents such as sarin and VX.
Researchers found signs of marked environmental changes in Arctic lakes over the past two centuries, consistent with warmer conditions. The study uses fossil markers to track ecosystem changes and predicts these effects will be seen farther south.
Caterpillars reared in close contact with their own waste do not suffer ill effects. Selection by natural enemies likely drove the evolution of frass ejection behavior in skipper caterpillars to avoid wasp predation.
Tom Barton, Ames Laboratory director, has received the Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) Award for his efforts to strengthen ties between federal labs and industry. The award recognizes his work in developing the Lab's technology transfer program, which has led to 136 U.S. patents and 14 start-up companies.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory are developing new solar cells that can withstand the degrading effects of sunlight. By understanding the atomic origins of this problem, they hope to create materials with improved stability and efficiency. The team's three-step rebonding model offers a promising solution to this challenge.
A Stanford research team conducted a comprehensive analysis of low-carbohydrate diets, finding they lead to short-term weight loss through reduced caloric intake. However, there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects and potential health risks associated with these diets.
Women taking two or more NSAIDs per week for five to nine years reduced their breast cancer risk by 21-28%. Ibuprofen was found to be more effective than aspirin in preventing breast cancer. The study's findings suggest that COX-2 inhibition may play a role in limiting breast tumor growth.
Reproductive rates in humans are linked to metabolic energy expenditure and body mass, with women in wealthy nations experiencing low birth rates due to high caloric intake. This relationship highlights the importance of considering biological scaling laws when understanding human reproductive patterns.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that both Dax1 and Sry genes are necessary for normal testis development, contrary to previous findings that suggested only one gene was involved. The study sheds new light on the genetic mechanisms underlying sex reversal and infertility in humans.
A study by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found a link between lower dietary folate intake and increased risk of bladder cancer, particularly in individuals with genetic instability. The researchers suggest limiting exposure to DNA-damaging agents and consuming foods rich in folates to reduce the risk.
Climate change is altering marine ecosystems in the Northwest Mediterranean. A study found that warmer temperatures are replacing cold-loving species with those better adapted to warmer conditions. This shift highlights the significant threat global warming poses to Mediterranean biodiversity.
Researchers identified lifestyle factors that predict prostate cancer recurrence in treated patients. Patients with low body mass index, regular exercise, and annual screenings had lower risk of progression.
A study published in JAMA found that an internet-based weight loss program was effective among adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, with participants who received email counseling losing more weight and showing greater increases in exercise. The program provided a tutorial, weekly tips, and access to resources, as well as personalized s...
Three leading national nutrition organizations support comprehensive school health programs, providing integrated nutrition education, access to nutritious meals, and healthy school environments. The goal is to promote balanced nutritional and physical activity habits for all children, reversing childhood obesity trends.
A novel combination treatment of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, and DHA from fish oil causes cell death in human colon cancer cells at low doses. This synergistic approach shows promise in reducing colon cancer risk with tolerable doses.
A study published in JAMA found that sibutramine, a weight loss medication, helped obese adolescents lose an average of 17.2 pounds when used in conjunction with a behavior modification program. The study also showed improvements in insulin levels and a reduction in weight regain over time.
Regular NSAID use for five to nine years reduces breast cancer risk by 21%, while ten-year use increases the reduction to 28%. The study enrolled 80,741 post-menopausal women with no reported history of cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
A school-based safety program led to significant improvements in children's bike helmet use, with almost two-thirds wearing helmets on their most recent ride. The program, which included custom-fit helmets and classroom discussions, also reinforced the importance of proper helmet fit over style or color.
The Succulent Karoo, a biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and unique species, is receiving $8 million in grants to combat declining biodiversity. The initiative aims to empower local communities and organizations to take action in conservation efforts.
High fish biodiversity does not guarantee ecosystem resilience in coral reefs. Human activities negatively impact bioerosion rates, even on unexploited reefs.
The study identified a new gene associated with breast cancer, C35, which is over-expressed in 65% of breast cancers. Researchers believe that traditional treatment methods alone will not be effective against C35 positive breast cancer and are exploring a two-pronged approach for treatment.
The Phone and Go service is a pioneering example of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) services, utilizing information technology to facilitate greater responsiveness. Early indications show that the service is proving successful in rural areas with few existing bus links, offering passengers flexibility and convenience.
A recent study published in JAMA found that obese children and their parents experience significantly impaired quality of life. The study used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) to assess physical, emotional, social, and school functioning.
A study found a nearly two-fold increased risk of lung cancer among relatives of smokers, but no evidence of an increased risk among relatives of non-smokers. The researcher hopes to identify high-risk subgroups and develop tailored interventions or screening programs.
A new human coronavirus has been identified as a likely cause of SARS, according to a study published in The Lancet. The virus was found in 90% of patients with SARS, but its genetic analysis suggests it may have originated from animals.
Women with circulating tumor cells in their blood have a median survival of less than 24 months, compared to over 24 months without them. The presence of cancer cells in the blood predicts prognosis more accurately than other factors, indicating a possible link between blood-circulating tumor cells and aggressive breast cancer.