Researchers at UCI are working on a vaccine against melioidosis, caused by B. pseudomallei, a bacterium that thrives in water and can cause severe pneumonia and septic shock. The development of a safe and effective vaccine is crucial to blunt bioterrorism threats.
Researchers found that wastewater treatment plants employing reverse osmosis successfully removed more contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and hormones. This process improves the quality of reused water for irrigation and groundwater recharge.
Researchers discovered a critical link in the molecular pathway that enables the immune system to target invaders with precision. The discovery may also provide new information on lymphoma, a type of leukemia where certain immune cells proliferate uncontrollably.
A recent NCAR study found a significant decrease in frost days worldwide over the last 50 years, with greatest reductions in the western US and Canada. The factors at work are attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation, including increased mild air from the Pacific and cold Canadian air from the east.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have made a breakthrough in understanding how rotavirus enters cells, paving the way for a new and safer vaccine. The study used crystallography and electron microscopy to determine the geometric structure of the virus's surface protein VP4, revealing its entry mechanism.
A new study suggests that endovascular surgery (EVAR) reduces mortality rates by around two-thirds compared to conventional open surgery for large abdominal aortic aneurysms. The study involved over 1000 patients and found that EVAR was associated with lower 30-day mortality rates, but also led to more secondary procedures.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a system that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy, producing hydrogen gas. The team's molecular machines use light signals to collect and deliver electrons, enabling the production of hydrogen through artificial photosynthesis.
Researchers found that worms seek mates when alone but remain near food sources with potential mates. In cone-only retinas, rod bipolar neurons maintain their morphology and connectivity despite lacking rods, while remaining light-sensitive.
The Delacour's langur is one of the most Critically Endangered primates in the world, with only 300 individuals remaining. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the species, but time is running out, and it may soon become extinct.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have developed a method to generate potentially hundreds of aminocoumarin variants, which are inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases. The approach uses bacterial enzymes to add different chemical moieties to the coumermycin A1 backbone, resulting in compounds with tailored properties.
Researchers found pronounced nitrogen oxide pollution plumes extending across central Indian Ocean, mainly from Africa and southeast Asia. The study suggests that the Indian Ocean is not always pristine and that feedbacks in atmospheric chemistry can result in downwind regions being highly insensitive to upwind emissions.
Astronomers have discovered a Jupiter-sized gas giant orbiting a star located 500 light-years from Earth. The newly found world circles its star every 3.03 days at a distance of only 4 million miles, much closer and faster than Mercury in our solar system.
A new study challenges the long-held view that high-dose steroids cause bone loss in children. Researchers found no signs of osteoporosis in 60 steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients, contradicting previous findings in other childhood diseases treated with steroids. Obesity may actually stimulate bone growth and increase bone mass.
Researchers at Temple University are developing metal oxide nanoparticles using ferritin protein to remove toxic metals like Chromium-6 and Technetium-7 from lakes, rivers, and groundwater. The nanoparticles can be activated by visible light, reducing chromium from hexavalent to trivalent, making it easier to filter out.
Using electron-stimulated desorption (ESD), researchers at Georgia Tech demonstrated that hydrochloric acid dissociates quickly upon contact with icy surfaces, even at temperatures below 100 degrees Kelvin. This study provides new insights into atmospheric chemistry and the surface activity of ice crystals.
Researchers found that unicellular organisms are fixing nitrogen at rates up to three times higher than previously reported for the Pacific Ocean. This influx of nitrogen has significant implications for global carbon sequestration and climate regulation.
Researchers will create mechanical systems with one or two motors to accomplish tasks currently done by robots. The goal is to provide a cheaper and lower maintenance alternative for assembly line designers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a novel polyester lubricant called SHP that improves computer hard drive performance and lasts longer. The lubricant, which has good adhesion properties, shields the disk from damage during contact with the head, allowing for faster reading and writing.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have found that riverbank filtration can significantly decrease bacteria and viruses in drinking water, as well as reduce the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. This technique involves passing river water through nearby sediment, which removes impurities and reduces treatment costs.
Dr. Arthur Anker's research on alpheidae, a diverse family of snapping shrimp, has led to the discovery of two new species: Automate hayashii from Hokkaido, Japan, and Bermudacaris australiensis off Western Australia. These finds expand our understanding of this unique family's range and ecological diversity.
Researchers have developed a new hydrogen generator that uses sunflower oil, air, and water vapor to produce hydrogen intermittently. The process reduces dependence on foreign oil and generates fewer pollutants than traditional methods.
A Stanford researcher has devised a method to identify potential drug compounds using a network of over 150,000 home computers and innovative algorithms. The method accurately predicts how well molecules will bind to a given protein, which is crucial in drug development.
The new powder-based vaccine formulation has shown an 83-100% survival rate in rabbits exposed to lethal doses of inhalation anthrax. Initial data indicates improved stability over the liquid version, allowing for stockpiling without refrigeration. Further studies are needed before clinical trials could begin within two to three years.
A study by Dr. Kurt Kroenke found that depression is a risk factor for pain symptoms, with muscle pain and headaches being two or three times more common in people with depression. Physical symptoms may not respond to antidepressant treatment as well as emotional symptoms, and can linger longer.
A four-year study of 1,222 caregiver-patient pairs found that caregivers who institutionalized their loved ones experienced similar symptoms of depression and anxiety as those who cared for them at home. Cognitive and functional declines in patients are common, leading to feelings of guilt and self-blame among caregivers.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have designed dual-action drugs based on an ancient folk remedy, which shows promising results in fighting malaria and prostate cancer. The new compounds outperform current treatments in rodent models, with some being more effective and safer than existing medications.
Researchers at the University of Michigan are creating a larger, multidisciplinary community in their chemistry department by organizing conferences, research rotations, and regular social events. This initiative aims to foster collaboration, teamwork, and communication skills among students.
A novel study found that regular moderate physical activity significantly improves the immune response in older men, with increased anti-KLH IgM, IgG, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. This suggests that a physically active lifestyle can maintain optimal T cell-mediated responses, particularly during times of immunocompromise.
A UCLA study of 1308 seniors found that 24% reduced or discontinued medications due to out-of-pocket costs. Many struggled to pay for essential medications and rent/bills.
Research studies on citrus fruits have discovered compounds that fight cancer, obesity, and cholesterol. Compounds in grapefruit may yield a "super-pill" to reduce cost of prescription drugs.
Stanford researcher Matthew Bogyo and colleagues discovered that cathepsin cysteine proteases help build blood vessels to tumors, increase tumor growth and invasiveness. A broad-spectrum inhibitor slowed tumor development in mice with no apparent side effects.
An international team of scientists has successfully sequenced the entire clam genome, providing crucial insights into the organism's active DNA. This breakthrough information will enable researchers to create antibodies for studying cellular processes involved in various diseases.
Researchers aim to create implantable human hair cells that can grow and repair damaged hearing. The work involves expanding adult stem cells isolated from mouse inner ear, a step towards restoring hearing in humans. The collaboration between Corwin and Heller at the Marine Biological Laboratory is an important breakthrough.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new set of molecules that can catalyze the cleanup of common groundwater pollutants called organohalides. The compounds 'break bonds' holding dangerous pollutants together, rendering them safer.
A 117-year coastal temperature record at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, shows sustained warming since the 1960s. The data reveals a significant increase in water temperatures during the past few decades, with averages rising by up to 1.2?C over the annual cycle.
Researchers have created a group of rhodium-based compounds that can target and kill cancer cells, as well as deactivate viruses like West Nile and yellow fever viruses. These compounds work by binding to DNA in tumor cells and rendering them inert, and they offer a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy drugs.
The JGI Community Sequencing Program (CSP) selects a diverse range of organisms, including moss, sponge, leech, and red tide algae, to advance knowledge on alternative energy production, bioremediation, and evolution. These projects will leverage JGI's powerful resources to sequence approximately 15 gigabases of genetic code.
Virginia Tech researchers have developed light-activated therapy agents that are oxygen independent, overcoming a limitation in photodynamic therapy. The new agents are activated by visible light and have been studied in cell cultures, showing promising results.
A study of 91,249 women found a strong association between frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Women who consumed more sugar-sweetened drinks experienced greater weight gain and higher risk of developing the condition.
According to a study by Yale University, older female runners aged 50-59 improved their average race time by 2.08 minutes per year, significantly exceeding male runners of the same age. The older male runners also showed an accelerated rate of improvement, outperforming younger men in the 60-69 and 70-79 age categories.
The new database will allow researchers to submit a single chemical inventory once a year, reducing the need for frequent updates. It will also screen for hazardous chemicals and explosives, providing critical information in emergency situations and helping prevent laboratory accidents.
Researchers at UGA identified morning glory families tolerant to glyphosate, a noxious herbicide. The study suggests developing regional strategies for managing tolerance is crucial. Increased tolerance of morning glories to glyphosate could leave farmers without effective control, highlighting the need for new management strategies.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a polymer-based colloidal adsorbent that effectively removes troublesome natural organic matter from municipal water supplies. The technology reduces the formation of harmful chlorinated compounds, ensuring safer drinking water without creating dangerous byproducts.
A randomized trial found that telephone-based psychotherapy added significantly to usual care pharmacotherapy for patients with depression. The study showed improved patient-rated improvement and satisfaction rates compared to usual care.
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania are developing innovative techniques to study biomolecules within cells and living systems. They have created
A US national study is seeking women who have donated eggs prior to May 2001 to understand their physical and emotional experience. The research aims to analyze the role of payment in women's motivation to donate eggs, a practice common in the US but not allowed in other countries.
Research suggests that higher levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone hormones give male Townsend's warblers a competitive advantage over female hermit warblers. The findings indicate that the hermit warbler may become extinct in another 5,000 years due to habitat loss and competition for resources.
Researchers will examine current level of relationship satisfaction among original participants, comparing it to their initial responses. The study aims to understand how increasing legal recognition affects gay and lesbian couples' relationships with families.
The Ellison Visiting Scholars Program brings African scientists to the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) to study infectious diseases, including the African trypanosome that causes human sleeping sickness. The program aims to develop strategies for combating these diseases with the help of MBL's cutting-edge facilities and expertise.
Scientists have discovered a distant planet using the transit technique and spectroscopy, revealing key findings about TrES-1's atmosphere and orbit. The discovery marks the first extrasolar planet found by a dedicated survey of thousands of relatively bright stars.
A new energy source harnessing solar power could revolutionize the way we generate electricity, offering a cheap, clean, and abundant alternative to traditional fossil fuels. The technology uses special titanium oxide ceramics to split water into hydrogen fuel, producing only oxygen and water as by-products.
Researchers found that meteorites, especially iron meteorites, can provide more phosphorus than naturally occurs on Earth. Phosphorus is essential for biomolecules and energy production in living organisms. The discovery suggests that meteorites may have played a critical role in the evolution of life on Earth.
A study found that Medicare beneficiaries who exceeded their capped drug benefits reported using less prescribed medication, while those who did not exceed their caps did not. The researchers also found that patients were more likely to call pharmacies for price comparisons and switch medications when they exceeded their caps.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that more than 85% of African Americans will use food stamps, compared to 37% of white Americans. Food stamp use is also linked to lower education levels, with 64% of adults with less than 12 years of education using them.
A genetically engineered mouse with activated PPAR-delta receptor burns fat more rapidly, resulting in improved endurance exercise capabilities. This discovery may lead to new treatments for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
The new software uses AI to identify aesthetically important elements in photographs, then distills them into a cubist composition. It has the potential to revolutionize animation production and create new forms of automated art.
A team of scientists identified genomic regions in wild tomato species that boost yield and drought resistance, outperforming commercially available hybrids. Their approach harnesses natural biodiversity to enrich the genetic basis of cultivated plants.
Researchers found that UV light combined with certain coatings can lower cell adhesion by 15-50% on glass and metal-oxide coated surfaces, reducing bacterial contamination. Higher intensity light is more effective than lower intensity UV light in preventing biofouling.
Researchers have discovered a new class of water-soluble gold quantum dots with discrete excitation and emission spectra, making them potentially useful for biological labeling. The nanodots exhibit bright fluorescence and high fluorescence quantum yields, with controlled size-tunable emissions.
A recent study by a University of Nevada researcher suggests that glucose levels in female mammals may influence the sex of their offspring, challenging a long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary biology. The study's findings have significant implications for wildlife conservation and agriculture production.