Researchers found that ghrelin was significantly elevated with weight loss in exercising subjects, indicating a potential role for ghrelin in returning the body to a prior set-point for body weight. The study suggests that exercise training itself has little impact on ghrelin levels.
Zinc sulfide nanoparticles with a disordered crystal structure exhibit increased stiffness due to constant strain, potentially impacting other properties such as strength and elasticity. The researchers' findings emphasize the importance of considering the entire particle, rather than just its bulk structure.
Researchers at OHSU's Oregon Stem Cell Center have discovered that macrophages, not stem cells, can fuse with diseased liver cells to correct genetic liver disease in mice. This finding suggests that transplantation of macrophages alone may be a more targeted and effective treatment approach than traditional stem cell therapy.
Mayo Clinic researchers discovered a gene, BubR1, that regulates physical aging and fertility. The study found that mice with low levels of the protein age prematurely and develop reproductive disorders.
Researchers found that higher milk consumption and total calcium intake were associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The risk decreased with increasing milk consumption, particularly cancers of the distal colon and rectum.
A novel compound called ZK-CDK has been shown to inhibit both tumour cell growth and angiogenesis in human cancer cells. The compound was tested on mice models and found highly efficacious, particularly in slow-growing hormone-independent breast and prostate tumours.
The Dartmouth Flood Observatory expects a busy 2004 due to increasing flood events worldwide. The observatory's global inventory of flooding events may help assess global climate change.
iHOP, developed by Spanish scientists, is a gene-guided network system that converts 14 million PubMed abstracts into an interlinked resource. The system uses novel text-mining technology to detect biomedical entities and connect distant medical concepts through few intermediate genes.
Current studies suggest opinion leaders and national guidelines have significant effects on vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC) rates. However, research is inconclusive on the impact of legal factors, doctor characteristics, and insurance type. The study found no good evidence that litigation or legislative mandates influence VBAC rates.
Analysis of Croatian skeletal remains reveals only four cases of neoplastic disease, with all three conditions being benign. The study highlights the increasing incidence of cancer due to increased life expectancy and lifestyle factors.
A study published in Pediatrics found that over-the-counter cough medicines containing dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine were no better than a non-medicated placebo syrup in providing nighttime relief for children with coughs. The study showed significant improvements in symptoms regardless of treatment, suggesting that natural hist...
Researchers have developed a genetic code that enables the evolution of synthetic molecules, revolutionizing drug discovery. By creating a library of nonbiological origin compounds, scientists can identify novel drugs and disrupt cellular processes.
Researchers at Rice University have received a four-year, $1.1 million grant to develop a fruit fly model for neurofibromatosis and test key proteins as potential drug targets. The team aims to understand how signaling proteins regulate NF tumor growth.
A new study published in Psychological Review suggests that teaching phonics to young children is essential for developing skilled reading skills. The research model, designed by Mark Seidenberg and Michael Harm, learns to read like children and demonstrates the importance of combining phonics with visual methods.
Anal cancer rates have increased by 160% in men and 78% in women over the past 30 years, with African-American men showing a particularly sharp increase. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for most cases of anal cancer, but smoking also plays a significant role.
The meta-analysis of 22,000 patients found that enoxaparin was more effective than unfractionated heparin in preventing combined rates of death or heart attack. However, the difference was not significant for major bleeding or transfusion rates.
A large-scale study found that soy protein supplementation with isoflavones had no effect on cognitive function, bone mineral density, or cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The authors suggest that the timing of supplementation may be a key factor in determining its efficacy.
Parents who monitor their children's movie and video-watching habits and prohibit R-rated movies have a profound impact on reducing the chances their children will try smoking. Only 3 percent of kids who were never allowed to watch R-rated movies tried smoking, compared to 14 percent of those who frequently viewed such movies.
A national survey of 831 US homes found that dog and cat allergen levels were higher among households with more dog or cat owners. This exposure may be particularly challenging for pet-allergic individuals living in areas with high dog and cat ownership rates.
The 3D-EM Network of Excellence aims to image macromolecules and molecular machines at atomic resolution, fostering innovation in European EM research. The network will provide training, a structural database, and user-friendly software to enhance structural analysis.
A new study found that most phase I studies of targeted, non-cytotoxic anticancer agents used traditional toxicity endpoints to determine the recommended dose, while non-traditional endpoints were rarely incorporated. Researchers also identified a potential mechanism for acrylamide's mutagenicity and discovered genetic polymorphisms as...
A UCSD research team found that a specific transcription factor plays a crucial role in cells' ability to adapt to osmotic stress, which can lead to immune system dysfunction and cancer progression. The study's findings offer new possibilities for developing drugs to treat autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer.
Researchers found that high dietary levels of soy isoflavones do not stimulate cell growth and markers for breast cancer risk in postmenopausal monkeys. The study suggests plant estrogens may contribute to an estrogen profile associated with reduced breast cancer risk.
Researchers at FSU have developed sensitive techniques to detect minute traces of nuts in seemingly nut-free processed foods. The findings could help protect sensitive consumers and improve food industry practices.
Researchers developed a novel treatment combining chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to target genetic mechanisms protecting metastatic tumor cells. The treatment successfully induced apoptosis in tumor cells by blocking oncogene expression and DNA synthesis.
Studies show that enoxaparin is non-inferior to unfractionated heparin in preventing death or non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Enoxaparin also shows a lower rate of non-fatal MI with a modest excess of bleeding.
Researchers are developing a new technology that uses fiber-optic probes to analyze tissue properties at the needle tip during breast biopsies. The probe can provide structural information, increasing the likelihood of taking a sample from the correct site and potentially reducing missed diagnoses.
Researchers discovered that donor-derived bone marrow cells can differentiate into human endometrial tissue, contributing to endometrial regeneration. This finding may lead to new treatments for uterine disorders like infertility, abnormal bleeding, and cancer.
Research involving 14 young adults found that those who used tanning beds with artificial UV light experienced greater relaxation and lower tension compared to those without UV exposure. The study suggests that the release of endorphins in response to UV light may contribute to the reinforcing effects of tanning.
Researchers at UNC have developed a high-throughput technique to rapidly analyze gene functions, resolving two bottlenecks in the process. This method has the potential to accelerate the development of new drugs by quickly identifying and testing candidate genes.
A study found that HPV DNA is present in tumors of HNSCC patients, suggesting a role for the virus in early cancer development. The findings support the idea that HNSCCs can be subdivided into two genetically distinct categories, one driven by environmental factors and the other by HPV infection.
Research suggests that girls with low confidence in themselves and their educational future, as well as those from families with lower education levels, are more likely to become pregnant. Encouraging academic success and supporting young people's aspirations could help reduce teen pregnancy rates.
A recent study of 677 families found that children's exposure to violent TV content is more common than previously thought, particularly among younger children and mothers. Parents' monitoring practices decreased with increasing child age, highlighting the need for continued education on media management and violence prevention.
A pediatric gastroenterologist urges increasing availability of comprehensive weight loss programs to support adolescents struggling with obesity. High-quality behavior-based weight-control programs are rare and expensive, but essential for reducing the need for life-altering bariatric surgery.
A US study of nearly 500 infants found that higher levels of endotoxin in the home were associated with a lower risk of developing eczema during their first year of life. Infants living in homes with dogs also had a reduced risk of eczema, but this relationship was weakened when adjusting for endotoxin exposure.