The use of chemotherapy after surgery for stage III colon cancer has increased, leading to improved 5-year survival rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits younger and elderly patients equally, while black patients with high-grade cancers see less significant improvements.
The Cassini mission has released a flood of new images of Saturn's icy moons, revealing detailed features such as plumes on Enceladus and compositional variation on the surfaces of Rhea, Dione, and Hyperion. The new views include large mosaics, movies, and false-color views, providing insights into the moons' intricacies.
A new study found that buckyballs bind to the spirals in DNA molecules, causing deformation and potentially interfering with biological functions. The binding energy between DNA and buckyballs is comparable to the binding energies of a drug to receptors in cells.
A new study found that men's body image improved as much as women's in a 12-week strength training program, but for different reasons. For men, it was related to perceived changes in their bodies, while for women, it was tied to both perceived and real physical improvements, including increases in weight lifted at the gym.
A study using hundreds of images from two deep sky surveys found that more than half of the largest galaxies in the nearby universe have collided and merged with another galaxy. The mergers occur quickly, leaving faint features difficult to detect, but confirm predictions for large-scale structure formation. Ongoing study will reveal i...
Adolescent sports-related deaths from commotio cordis can be reduced with timely CPR and defibrillator use. The study suggests that accessible AEDs and CPR-trained coaches at organized sporting events are crucial in delivering effective first-responder therapy.
A laboratory study demonstrates that breast cancer cells die when re-introduced to estrogen after becoming resistant to tamoxifen and other estrogen inhibition drugs. This finding has important clinical implications for long-term therapy with aromatase inhibitors, suggesting a new strategy for treating treatment-resistant breast cancer.
MIRIAM is a voluntary code of conduct that standardizes computer models of life, providing reference correspondence and annotation schemes to improve searchability and usability. By adopting MIRIAM, model repositories can ensure quality control and facilitate collaboration among researchers.
Recent surveys estimate survival rates of over 54% for released fingerlings, a significant improvement from previous years. The recovery effort uses a captive broodstock program to restore coho populations in the Russian River watershed.
A team of researchers, including Virginia Tech experts, has developed a concept for technology to obtain verifiable parental consent for children's online transactions. The system offers flexibility, accountability, and user-friendliness, making it a promising solution to protect children's online privacy.
A new study suggests that investing in existing medical treatments could be more effective in saving lives than developing new ones. The research highlights the importance of addressing system barriers and improving access to care for underprivileged patients.
Scientists have discovered male water fleas in a lab, revealing that pesticides can induce sex change and affect populations of fish and other organisms. The finding highlights the importance of considering non-target species in environmental monitoring and management.
Chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival rates for patients with advanced colon cancer, regardless of age or sex. The study found that women and the elderly received the same benefit as younger adults, but were less likely to receive chemotherapy treatment.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have discovered a way to significantly reduce the power consumption of transistors in computer chips by applying rapid thermal processing directly on gate insulators. This technique can improve the insulating qualities of gate insulators, reducing direct tunneling current by up to 100,000 times.
A randomized clinical trial of dose-dense chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer found the regimen to be safe, with a 13% reduced risk of death. However, the dose-dense treatment increased acute toxic effects such as anemia and bone pain, but these were mild and easy to manage.
The new guidelines provide detailed information on antibacterial soap selection, antibiotic use, protective gear, and air circulation in the cath lab. They emphasize patient and staff protection to prevent devastating infections after interventional procedures.
A Rensselaer researcher has received a $300,000 NSF grant to study miniaturized solar-powered heating and cooling systems that can be applied to existing buildings. The goal is to create a thin-film system for efficient thermal control, potentially rendering traditional air conditioning and heating equipment obsolete.
Researchers have completed the most meticulous survey ever made of the San Andreas Fault, revealing detailed features that were previously unseen. The 'B4' Project used ultra-high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) technology and a radar-like system called lidar to map the fault with 5-centimeter vertical resolution.
Estradiol induces apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which controls protein expression and mitochondrial function. The study found complete tumor regression in mice with estradiol-treated breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential strategy for aromatase inhibitor resistance.
Recent images from NASA's Cassini spacecraft reveal spectacular evidence of an active moon, Enceladus, with jets of fine, icy particles streaming from its south polar region. The discovery confirms the moon is geologically active and provides insight into its internal heating and possible energy sources.
A Georgia Institute of Technology researcher has developed a new boron carbide formation process that increases the hardness and improves the ballistic performance of the material used in body armor. The new method can yield higher relative densities and better ballistic performance than currently available methods.
Researchers discovered a surprisingly active innate immune system in sea urchins that utilizes previously unrecognized mechanisms. The study's findings have implications for understanding innate immunity in vertebrates and may lead to the discovery of novel immune diversity in other animals.
Researchers have found that rivers on Titan, a moon of Saturn, share similar characteristics with those on Earth. The key parameters that differ between the two are gravity acceleration, fluid viscosity, and sediment specific gravity. These similarities suggest that fluvial processes may be more consistent than initially thought.
Research suggests that elephants may be 'tipsy' due to marula tree bark containing a beetle pupae, not ethanol from the fruit. A high diet of marula fruit is unlikely to cause intoxication in three-ton elephants.
Researchers found that a hepatitis C virus protein accelerates the breakdown of a critical tumor suppressor, leading to liver cell proliferation and increasing cancer risk. This discovery could lead to improved treatment strategies for patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Agricultural activity dominates over a third of the Earth's landscape, posing environmental challenges such as deforestation and water pollution. New maps track changing agricultural land use patterns worldwide, highlighting emerging trends like soybean production in Argentina and Brazil driven by China's demand.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that stress and hostility can significantly slow the healing process, taking up to two days longer for wounds to heal. Cytokine levels also increased in highly stressed couples, leading to chronic inflammation and age-related illnesses.
Case researchers Ramani Pilla, Catherine Loader, and Cyrus Taylor discover a method to find needles in haystacks using geometric approaches. They test their technique with computer simulations, demonstrating its ability to significantly increase detection probabilities.
Researchers sequenced Salinibacter ruber's genome, discovering evidence of independent evolution of salt-surviving biochemistry. The bacterium also borrowed genes from neighboring archaea in an unusual example of cross-domain lateral gene transfer.
Exercise has been shown to delay the onset of heart failure and improve survivability in rats with spontaneously hypertensive heart failure. The study also found that low-intensity exercise suppressed many physiological changes associated with CHF, including alterations in myosin heavy chain isoform expression and cardiac cell morphology.
A study found that poor forest management practices in the early 20th century have reduced the amount of carbon that modern forests can store by half. The researchers measured the carbon stored in several forested plots that were harvested and burned, finding that they stored only half as much carbon as adjacent control plots.
Researchers have underestimated the organic carbon stored in high Arctic soils, with new findings suggesting up to 8.7 billion metric tons of carbon in the polar semidesert. The study's results are significant as the Arctic warms and permafrost thaws, releasing more carbon into the atmosphere.
A study of young girls referred to pediatric clinics due to alleged movement disorders found that most cases were actually normal muscle contractions during masturbation. Children can be easily distracted from these episodes, and parents should not assume harm or deviancy from the behavior.
NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers are uncovering evidence of wet, possibly habitable conditions on Mars in areas they're exploring. They've found variations of bedrock, including platform-like structures, that suggest a hot, violent past with volcanic explosions and impacts.
Researchers found that deuteranomalous individuals can distinguish between colors inaccessible to normal color vision, suggesting a unique color dimension. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that colorblindness is solely related to reduced color perception.
Scientists suggest that deep roots, not just surface moisture, affect terrestrial heat and moisture processes in land-atmosphere interaction. This understanding could lead to more accurate climate models and better predictability.
The new technique involves an unusual blend of organic and inorganic components, using quantum dots as a DNA sensor to detect specific parts of a DNA sequence. It can identify genetic defects and mutations quickly and relatively simply.
Clouds play a crucial role in shaping weather forecasts and longer-term climate predictions due to their patterns and formations. However, the issue of how to define a cloud remains unresolved as various satellite observations and instruments produce inconsistent results, leading to fuzzy measurements of planetary cloud cover.
Researchers found significant brain volume enlargement in children with autism, particularly in white and gray matter, which affects the cerebral cortex responsible for thought, perception, and memory. The study suggests that this enlargement may begin as late as the first year of life, during the postnatal period.
Adolescents cite personal fulfillment as strongest motivator for physical activity, with weight-based motivation and peer influence also playing a role. The study's findings suggest that emphasizing personal fulfillment could be an effective approach to increasing physical activity among all youth, regardless of risk status.
Shelly Harvey's discovery applies to a longstanding problem within knot theory, but its significance lies in the broader context of topology. The underlying structure she uncovered uses algebraic structures to describe similarities and differences between knotted shapes, offering a new approach to proving equivalency.
A study found that adolescent girls who accurately perceived their mother's weight concern were more likely to think about being thinner and diet. The study suggests parents should promote healthy habits through physical activity and nutrition, rather than just weight control.
Research finds that bystanders are more responsive in dangerous emergencies, even with a second observer present. The classical bystander effect was replicated only in low-danger situations, but not in high-danger scenarios.
Researchers revisited the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to resolve a discrepancy between seismic and geodetic models. The new model suggests that the rupture propagated at 'supershear' speed, resulting in an earthquake of shorter duration.
Research in monkeys shows that stress in younger years can lead to reduced estrogen levels and increased risk of heart disease later in life. Perimenopause is a critical time for cardiovascular health, and starting hormone therapy earlier may be more effective than waiting until menopause.
Researchers developed a treatment that targets glioblastoma cells using epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), eliminating tumors in mice implanted with human brain cancer cells. The therapy showed no evidence of recurrence and remained effective for over a year, offering new hope for GBM patients.
Researchers identified a significant increase in stroke risk after heart attack, with risks remaining high for up to three years. The study highlights the importance of monitoring patients and implementing preventative measures such as medication adherence, smoking cessation, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Catalytic converters in US vehicles emit toxic pollutants when they fail, putting public health at risk. Researchers detected these pollutants using advanced analytical techniques.
A new study at Boston Children's Hospital found that most children with severe congenital heart defects can safely participate in exercise programs. The 12-week program improved cardiac function and reduced anxiety in the children, who were motivated by games and activities tailored to their interests.
A randomized controlled trial of 275 uninsured Latino children found that community-based case management resulted in a significant increase in insured children, with 96% obtaining health insurance compared to 57% without case managers. The intervention also showed improved parental satisfaction and faster insurance enrollment.
Researchers create a unique fluid-like state by combining air with granular materials, exhibiting unusual characteristics at room temperature. The team observed two stages in the jet's formation, highlighting the importance of air pressure in its development.
A study of 20 children with epilepsy found that 13 had a greater than 50 percent improvement and four were seizure-free after six months on the modified Atkins diet. The diet, which mimics ketosis, was better tolerated by children and easier to follow than the ketogenic diet.
A new study found that telephone-based care management significantly improves symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as mental health-related quality of life. The intervention resulted in fewer missed workdays and lower emergency room usage among participants.
The threat of an avian influenza pandemic is growing, but health professionals can take measures to contain outbreaks and prepare for potential human-to-human transmission. Quarantining methods, antiviral medications, and international cooperation are key strategies that can help prevent or mitigate a pandemic.
Dr. Tallie Z. Baram has been awarded the Epilepsy Research Recognition Award for her pioneering research on childhood febrile seizures and their potential link to adult epilepsy. Her work aims to develop new treatments that can calm childhood seizures without harming adults.
A study of 2,160 people who had heart attacks found a high risk of stroke in the first month after the heart attacks. Hospital care at home was shown to be feasible and cost-effective, with patients receiving similar quality of care as those hospitalized.
Research suggests that adults with Down syndrome have higher concentrations of myo-inositol in the brain, leading to reduced cognitive ability and increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to develop a new treatment approach by reducing myo-inositol levels in the brains of people with Down syndrome.
A research review of 42 studies found that viewing on-screen smoking increases the likelihood of teens starting to smoke. Eliminating tobacco scenes from youth-rated films could substantially reduce smoking initiation in adolescents.
A new study found that racial and ethnic minorities are just as willing, if not more willing, to participate in health research than non-Hispanic whites. However, they were less likely to be invited to participate in these studies, highlighting the need for improved access and inclusivity.
A climate modeling specialist found that without snow cover, global temperatures could rise by as much as a third due to increased greenhouse gas levels. In contrast, total regions of permafrost are likely to expand in area, leading to potential health risks for ecosystems and construction decisions.