A pilot study by Yale School of Nursing and Child Study Center found that Parent Management Training (PMT) successfully controlled moderate to severe levels of oppositional behavior in children with TS, leading to a 51% decline in disruptive behavior. The results showed significant improvement compared to the control group.
The new initiative, led by Yale University, Marsh, and Ceres, aims to educate top corporate leaders about the financial, legal, and business implications of climate change. The training program will provide insights into how companies can navigate the transformations required in their businesses due to climate change.
The study found that only 4-6% of a patient's CD4 cell loss rate can be explained by their presenting viral load, shifting the paradigm in predicting disease progression. The results suggest more complex scenarios of disease progression and hint at indirect processes through which HIV induces immune system damage.
A solar flare can cause GPS signal degradation, affecting navigation systems like those used in planes and cars. Researchers discovered this effect when a graduate student accidentally detected the impact on a receiver at Arecibo Observatory.
Experiments by Piotr Winkielman and colleagues suggest that judgments of attractiveness are influenced by the ease with which our minds process stimuli. Prototypical images are rated as more beautiful or appealing because they fall into the average of what we've seen, making them simple for our brains to recognize quickly. The research...
Researchers at Iowa State University are working with Frontline BioEnergy to develop a renewable alternative to natural gas in ethanol production. The new technology uses partial combustion of biomass to produce producer gas, which can replace natural gas in plant heaters and be upgraded into high-value fuels.
A new study reveals that coral reefs in Aceh, Indonesia, can survive devastating events like tsunamis, economic crises, and civil wars if effectively managed. Managed reefs showed significantly higher coral cover than open-access areas.
The article describes mathematical techniques used to assist cranio-maxillofacial surgeons in predicting surgical outcomes. The techniques involve modeling and solving partial differential equations to create a virtual lab for testing operative strategies.
A new prediction model, MMRpro, assesses a person's probability of carrying a particular defect in mismatch repair genes, which predisposes families to colorectal cancer. The study found that MMRpro outperformed existing assessment tools in identifying mutation carriers and predicting colon cancer risk.
A 24-week multi-center, placebo-controlled phase III trial demonstrated Contrave's superiority in weight loss compared to placebo. Patients taking Contrave experienced an average excess of 7% weight loss from baseline, while those on the placebo saw only 1% weight loss.
A Yale University study reveals that high levels of testosterone can lead to programmed cell death in nerve cells, associated with conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Elevated testosterone also triggers behavioral changes such as hyperexcitability and suicidal tendencies.
A study in Vietnam found that targeted oral azithromycin treatment increased re-infection rates of trachoma and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The SAFE strategy, which includes antibiotics, has been criticized for its potential ineffectiveness in long-term control.
Preliminary research suggests that famotidine, a heartburn medication, can help decrease the effects of chronic heart failure by blocking a chemical reaction that damages diseased hearts. However, more testing is required to verify the results, including dosage and safety issues.
A Kent State University study develops a web-based intervention to alleviate depression in caregivers and stroke survivors through peer and professional support. The innovative program aims to improve the psychological well-being of both individuals concurrently.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new technique to visualize and measure superoxide in animal cells, offering a breakthrough in understanding degenerative diseases such as Lou Gehrig's Disease, heart disease, diabetes, and aging. The discovery could significantly speed up research on these conditions.
A new metagenomic study of activated sludge wastewater treatment processes reveals key players and mechanisms behind the process. The researchers were able to obtain a nearly complete genetic blueprint for Accumulibacter phosphatis, a bacterial species essential for removing excess phosphorus from wastewater.
A systematic review of 13 clinical trials found that early, intensive statin therapy reduced cardiovascular death, unstable angina, and revascularization. The benefits were sustained for two years, with slightly less than a 20% reduction in adverse coronary events.
A large study found that Japanese adults with diabetes have a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer, including liver, kidney, and pancreatic cancers. Men with diabetes had a significantly higher risk of cancer than men without diabetes.
A new curriculum is being developed to teach data literacy to 7th grade students, focusing on water use and quality in the Middle East. The program will also test an instructional model called Preparation for Future Learning (PFL) to enhance learning outcomes.
A recent study found that African American smokers who prefer menthol cigarettes are less likely to quit smoking compared to non-menthol smokers. Despite the potential for menthol to increase harm, the study suggests that switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes may facilitate smoking cessation and reduce health disparities.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine report a significant increase in MRSA muscle infections in children, highlighting the need for awareness and proper treatment. The study found that more than 75% of community-acquired staphylococcal infections are now resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
Brain researchers in Göttingen have created a genetic animal model for autism, showing that neuroligins ensure signal transmission between nerve cells. The study reveals that autistic patients often lack mature synapses due to mutations in the genes carrying building instructions for proteins in the neuroligin family.
The National Science Foundation has awarded Cornell a $3.3 million grant to increase the percentage of women faculty members in science and engineering departments over the next five years. The goal is to reach 20% women faculty by 2011, with an ultimate objective of having one-third of science and engineering faculty be women by 2015.
Researchers found that investor relations professionals give less information to analysts with unfavorable stock recommendations, hindering their ability to forecast earnings accurately. The study suggests that Regulation Fair Disclosure has reduced exclusionary tactics against analysts who issue negative reports.
A study found that less than one-third of gastric cancer patients had adequate lymph node assessments, leading to compromised survival. Median survival in regions with the highest ALNA rate was 33 months, while in regions with the lowest rate it was only 17 months.
A study found that physicians prescribed new medications without adequately explaining key information, including side effects and dosing instructions. Patients who receive complete instructions are more likely to adhere to treatment plans.
The Open Science Grid Consortium has received a five-year, $30 million award from the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy's Office of Science to operate and expand its computing environment. The OSG enables scientists to share and analyze petabytes of data from around the world.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered the rapid transitions between matter and antimatter in the B-sub-s meson, confirming predictions by the Standard Model. The oscillation rate of 3 trillion per second sheds light on the universe's fundamental nature, challenging existing models of supersymmetry.
African-American women with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer had worse disease presentation and lower survival rates compared to Caucasian women. After controlling for clinical features and treatment, African-Americans survived significantly fewer months, suggesting socioeconomic and cultural factors may influence disease outcome.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison is leading a five-year, $30 million program to operate and expand the Open Science Grid, tapping into thousands of processors distributed across more than 30 universities and federal research laboratories. The project aims to lower the barrier to individual scientists using advanced computing.
Researchers used carnivorous pitcher plant food webs to study habitat loss effects on species abundance. Trophic interactions, such as predator-prey relationships, dominated abundance predictions, unlike previous modeling frameworks that relied on habitat contraction or keystone species effects.
Researchers found that 58% of older hospital patients had problems eating, with difficulties opening food, using cutlery, and finding comfortable eating positions. The study highlights the need for greater support, fewer interruptions, and more sensitive care at mealtimes to prevent malnutrition and promote healthy recovery.
Researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center have identified a new molecular pathway that helps breast cancer cells survive. The pathway involves estrogen, BCA3 protein, and SIRT1, and has potential as a target for chemotherapy enhancement.
The journal features articles on integrative cancer therapies combining conventional and alternative medicine. It has generated significant media attention and will receive its first Impact Factor in 2008 Journal Citation Reports.
Researchers found that copper modulates critical events within the central nervous system, influencing how well we think. Variations in genes coding for Atp7a, a copper transporter, may contribute to differences in thinking among individuals.
A clinical trial has demonstrated the efficacy of an H9N2 avian flu vaccine combined with an adjuvant in generating a strong antibody response in humans. The results suggest that even low doses of the vaccine can provide protection, making it a promising tool in pandemic prevention.
Researchers at MIT have created an engine on a chip that could run 10 times longer than traditional batteries, powering devices like laptops and cell phones. The device is made of silicon wafers and features a tiny combustion chamber, turbine blades, and mini-generator.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a $998,325 grant to Berkeley Lab's Kenneth Raymond to develop new agents for large-scale radiological treatment. The goal is to test these agents with animals and proceed to clinical trials within 18 months.
A recent study found a possible link between the use of proton pump inhibitors and an increased risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease. The research, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, suggests that patients who have been prescribed these medications may be more likely to develop CDAD.
A new study reveals that the world's most widely used organic insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, requires the assistance of other microbes to perform its lethal work. The research demonstrates that the bacterium needs the presence of other bacteria in the insect gut to exert its influence.
Researchers found that female house finches deposit significantly more antioxidants into eggs sired by unattractive males, which protects the embryo during development. This strategic allocation allows females to maximize reproductive output despite potential limitations from suboptimal pairings.
A groundbreaking study by Field Museum scientists reveals that wild lion manes develop according to local climate regimes and are influenced by age. Contrary to popular assumptions, most lions in regions like Tsavo do acquire respectable manes, and the best-maned lions are typically older.
The NIAID has awarded five grants totaling up to $4 million to fund the development of products that eliminate radioactive materials from the human body. The goal is to accelerate the development of previously identified compounds into effective products for licensing in the strategic national stockpile.
Researchers have achieved effective immunity with a low dose of bird flu vaccine using MF59 adjuvant, potentially stretching vaccine supply. The study showed that antibody levels were significantly better and that a single dose of the adjuvanted vaccine was as good as two doses without adjuvant.
A study found that herpes virus infects cornea cells through a process similar to how phagocytes engulf foreign invaders, allowing the virus to evade the immune system. This unusual pathway opens up new strategies for developing therapies against ocular herpes and has implications for understanding other herpes virus infections.
The HOPE Scholarship has increased enrollment at the state's colleges and universities by 15 percent, with a significant impact on freshman SAT scores. Historically black colleges and universities have also seen an increase in students attending Georgia institutions, thanks to the incentive provided by the scholarship.
Researchers found that humans can learn complex structures simultaneously from multiple sources, such as tones and colors or speech. However, performance drops when two sets of sequences are from the same perceptual class of stimuli, like two sets of speech stimuli.
The Academy of Finland is funding 12 research consortia and three individual projects to develop new eco-efficiency indicators and model an eco-efficient biorefinery. The goal is to create a more sustainable future through the recycling of raw materials, waste reduction, and innovative production methods.
A study analyzing 45 years of stroke research found that 75% of unpublished studies had negative or harmful results, while only 6% of published studies shared this outcome. The findings support the need for registering all clinical studies before they begin to prevent publication bias.
A study in Heliconius butterflies reveals that a single 'supergene' controls the variation of their wing patterns. The researchers found that this supergene region, responsible for producing diversity in color patterns, is conserved across three species.
Researchers found that piggyBac transposon is five to 10 times better than other circular pieces of DNA at making a home and difference in several mammalian cell lines. This could lead to safer and more efficient gene delivery for therapeutic applications.
A NASA study reveals the Earth is warming at a rate of 0.2° Celsius per decade, pushing global temperatures to levels not seen in thousands of years. This rapid warming trend is forcing species migration and posing a significant threat to biodiversity.
Scientists have discovered a natural protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that is highly effective at treating hookworm infections and curing anemia. The protein, called Cry5B, targets both developing and adult parasites, and can be produced inexpensively and safely for humans.
Polar bears' habitat preferences shift as sea ice declines, affecting prey availability and reproduction. USGS research shows a causal link between earlier sea ice breakup and decreased polar bear survival.
An international team analyzed human genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a critical immune region. The study provides a detailed map of MHC genetic variability, laying the foundation for future research into the genetic roots of immune-related diseases.
The MIT team analyzed 32,853 proteins and found the most complicated knot, a five-crossing trefoil knot, in only one protein. This knot may prevent the protein from getting sucked into the proteasome as it works, supporting the theory that complex knots are linked to the protein's function.
The Phase 3 clinical trial of Fampridine-SR demonstrated a consistent improvement in walking speed, with 34.8% of participants showing a significant increase compared to 8.3% on placebo. The study also showed a statistically significant improvement in leg strength and a reduction in disability reported by daily activities.
The University of Cincinnati has developed a faster approach to informing consumers online when the FDA withdraws a medication. The new system, using NetWellness.org, allows for updates in under 24 hours following an FDA announcement.
Senator Alexander was awarded the SURA Distinguished Friend of Science Award for his efforts to promote basic scientific research and improve math and science education. The award recognizes his commitment to advancing the nation's competitive edge in science and technology.
A new study found that CEO overpayment has a higher cost than previously realized, cascading down to lower employee levels. The research also revealed that CEOs serve as a key referent for employees determining fair pay, leading to turnover effects.