Researchers distinguish between two classes of brain cells with distinct roles in visual attention and highlight mechanisms by which they mediate attention. They found that neurons respond more strongly when attention is directed to the stimulus in their receptive fields, with narrow-spiking cells firing more frequently under attention.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory have observed two-dimensional equilibrium patterns in lead samples when in its superconducting state, below 7.2 Kelvin. These complex patterns differ from the long-held textbook model proposed by Lev Landau and represent a significant contribution to the field of superconductivity.
A study of nearly 400 university students found women spoke an average of 16,215 words per day, while men averaged 15,669. The difference was not statistically significant, and individual variations were large.
A new UCLA AIDS Institute study found that self-monitoring by HIV-positive patients is an effective strategy to reduce high-risk behavior. By answering questions about their sexual behavior, patients reflected on their own behavior and changed their actions.
Research reveals that butterfly mimicry benefits both species involved, as predators avoid eating the most unpalatable species but still learn to distinguish between them. The study provides insight into how insects evolve to resemble one another and change their behavior.
Cancer incidence is higher among people with HIV/AIDS and organ transplant recipients due to immune system dysfunction. The study found a broad range of cancers at increased incidence across various sites.
DNA polymerase epsilon plays a primary role in replicating leading strand of DNA in bakers yeast, influencing genome stability and responses to environmental stress. The discovery advances understanding of DNA replication in higher organisms like humans.
A study published in Science debunks the popular stereotype that females use more words than men, revealing both sexes use an average of 16,000 words per day. The research used a digital voice recorder to track daily interactions over eight years and analyzed transcripts from nearly 400 university students.
The International AIDS Society conference in Sydney drew a record number of 5,000 delegates and featured a new biomedical prevention track, reflecting increasing interest in microbicides and other innovative approaches.
Autophagy, a normal process in which cells recycle proteins, may paradoxically contribute to the progression of heart disease. Mice with amplified autophagy fared worse in cardiac stress tests than those with muted responses.
Researchers developed a one-step test using holograms to diagnose astigmatic error, a key factor in prescribing glasses. The new technique is simpler and faster than traditional methods, which involve multiple lenses and complex processes.
Researchers identified the lateral occipital complex as a region affected by both working memory load and pain, but found that pain influences visual processing through the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. This modulation affects accuracy in recognizing images.
Researchers at USC have found that norepinephrine transmits a 'low blood sugar' message from the hindbrain to the paraventricular hypothalamus, triggering the release of energy stores to replace missing sugars. This discovery provides new insights into glucose sensing mechanisms in the brain and may hold potential for treating diabetic...
HIV's uniformly fatal outcome and absence of natural immunity pose significant hurdles for vaccine design. The authors call for increased funding for research and clinical trials to address these challenges and accelerate progress in finding an effective AIDS vaccine.
The sea anemone genome shows similarities with the human genome, providing a new view of our common ancestors. The study found that many genes are conserved across species, allowing scientists to infer features of the ancestral genetic blueprint for animals.
Ancient DNA from trees, plants, and insects in a boreal forest reveals temperatures were around 10C in summer and -17C in winter. The findings suggest the global ocean was one to two meters higher during that time compared to current levels.
Research at University of California, San Diego reveals that male mice produce more IL-6 in response to liver injury, leading to a higher incidence of liver cancer. The study suggests therapies targeting IL-6 production or estrogen-like compounds may reduce liver cancer risk in males.
Cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality worldwide, requiring a strong political signal for alliance and concerted actions. The Round Table on Health Strategies in the European Union will focus on creating capacity building for effective policies and programs to address cancer.
A recent study by the University of Edinburgh found that South Asian Scots are more likely to suffer a heart attack than the rest of the Scottish population. The research, which linked census data to hospital discharge records, revealed an 80% higher incidence of heart attacks among South Asian women and a 45% higher incidence among men.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found that soil particles can increase the infectious nature of rogue proteins causing CWD. Binding to common soil minerals like montmorillonite significantly increases oral transmissibility, with a nearly 700-fold difference observed.
Researchers at Virginia Tech and UC Berkeley developed irreversible electroporation (IRE) to target cancer cells, successfully abling tissue in rat livers. IRE preserves vessel architecture and kills cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
A new NNRTI etravirine has been shown to be effective in suppressing HIV viral load in treatment-experienced patients with documented resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The DUET trials 1 and 2 found that 56% and 62% of patients achieved viral loads below 50 copies/mL, respectively.
Researchers at USC are training a new breed of robotic dog, called LittleDog, to navigate challenging terrain. After 15 months of experimentation, the dogs can now move, albeit slowly, and will be trained to run faster in the next phase of the study.
Researchers identified promising biomarkers in urine samples, including one linked to liver and ovarian cancer. The goal is to create a simple, fast, and noninvasive test for early detection, potentially avoiding painful procedures.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a unifying principle explaining how different causes and treatments for depression converge. Changes in electrical signal flow through the brain circuit appear to be the cause of depression-related behavior.
A new study is providing community pharmacists with education and advice on controlling blood glucose levels through individual glucose meter uploads. The project aims to determine whether lifestyle advice from pharmacists improves glycaemic control and potentially reduces the burden of Type 2 Diabetes on healthcare systems.
Stevens Institute of Technology has joined the IDS Scheer Innovation and Education Network, allowing for the application of its academic research to industry. The network aims to generate a constant stream of ideas for innovations and support education initiatives in Business Process Management (BPM).
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered why some mosquitoes are resistant to malaria, focusing on a protein called TEP1. The study found that genetic differences in TEP1 manifest in a region dubbed the 'warhead', which grabs onto malarial parasites.
A new study by Iowa State University researchers found that wives exhibit greater situational power and domineering behaviors during problem-solving discussions in marriage. The study of 72 married couples revealed that wives were more likely to draw favorable responses from their husbands, indicating a healthy marriage dynamic.
Researchers analyze success of HIV entry inhibitors, highlighting need for new classes due to increasing resistance and toxicity concerns. The study concludes that blocking HIV entry by fusion inhibitors and coreceptor antagonists holds major promise for developing a new antiretroviral drug class.
A new study reveals that female birds of two migrant flycatcher species can acquire a novel preference for nesting sites based on the apparent attraction of competing resident tits. This finding suggests that individual animals use information and make decisions, even from other species.
The AIAA will present several awards at the upcoming conference, including the Wyld Propulsion Award to Frederick Boorady for his contributions to liquid propulsion technologies. The Ground Testing Award will be given to Frank Steinle for his work in experimental aerodynamics and ground testing.
Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia made a groundbreaking discovery in the molecular mechanisms of phototropism, which is crucial for plant growth towards or away from light. The study focused on the protein NPH3 and its phosphorylation, finding that it plays a key role in regulating phototropic signaling.
Researchers have successfully propagated a prion from one organism into another, expanding our understanding of these infectious proteins and their role in fatal neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery opens up new avenues for studying prion propagation and highlights the need to search for additional prions.
Researchers found genetic material from plants and insects in ancient ice cores, contradicting previous theories about southern Greenland's climate. The discovery provides evidence of forest cover and mild winters, dating back around 450,000 years.
Scientists have developed a method to amplify vCJD prions from human brain tissue extracts, enabling recognition by existing detection methods. This breakthrough could aid in confirming whether someone is infected with variant CJD, crucial for preventing further disease spread through infected blood donations.
A new INFORMS-published study reveals that executive stock options significantly increase the likelihood of financial misrepresentation. Approximately 1 in 10 corporate financial restatements are linked to fraud and illegal practices, with a 9% chance of misrepresentation over five years.
Adult neural stem cells give rise to three major brain cell types, but are specified to produce specific subtypes of neurons. The discovery suggests that creating specific neuron types may require replacing combinations of different neuronal types for effective reestablishment of neural function.
A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that antidepressants significantly lower the risk of suicide attempt in young adults ages 18 to 25, even those with severe depression.
Scientists have discovered how the HIV virus evades the human immune system, revealing a predictable pattern of mutations that can inform the design of an effective vaccine. The study's findings hold tremendous promise for global HIV efforts and could complement smaller functional studies with population-based approaches.
A study by Erik Hunter and Per Davidsson found that celebrity involvement is key to a product's success compared to traditional endorsement marketing. Celebrity entrepreneurs add value to products, making them more appealing to consumers.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt discovered that domestic chickens possess a magnetic sense of direction, orienting themselves by the Earth's magnetic field. This ability is thought to have evolved before migration and may be common to all birds.
Researchers at University of Helsinki discover novel neurotrophic factor CDNF that protects and rescues damaged dopamine neurons, recovering function after experimental lesion. This breakthrough may lead to new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease.
A study of over 2,000 children found a genetic marker on chromosome 17 linked to an increased risk of childhood onset asthma. The discovery provides a new molecular pathway for targeted treatments and could lead to improved management of the disease.
A study of over 4000 twin pregnancies found that complex assisted reproduction procedures increase the likelihood of abnormal umbilical cord development. The research suggests that embryo implantation may play a role in this increased risk.
A new study reveals that Germany's embryo protection law has led to an increase in foetal reductions performed during IVF treatments, resulting in the killing of embryos. The law, which limits embryo creation and transfer, is being criticized by experts for not protecting embryos as intended.
The Netherlands Cancer Institute received the ESMO Lifetime Achievement Award for its outstanding contributions to translational research in breast cancer. The team's discovery of a gene-signature has led to improved prognostic testing and reduced adjuvant chemotherapy in pre-menopausal patients.
Research reveals nearly half of people with diabetes use alternative therapies, which can interact with conventional medications and affect blood sugar levels. Healthcare professionals must be included in discussions about these therapies to document their use and identify potential problems.
A study by Dr. Jacky Boivin found that women using complementary therapies had a lower pregnancy success rate and were more negatively affected by their fertility problems than non-users. The researchers suggest that women may use complementary therapies for stress reduction, but further research is needed to determine its effectiveness.
A novel mutation of the AKT1 gene has been found in breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers, which may contribute to tumor cell proliferation. The mutation is believed to play a role in making cells resistant to certain therapies.
Scientists have discovered a surprising connection between the immune system and the breast's milk-producing cells. During pregnancy, the mammary gland uses cytokine signalling to enhance the growth of these cells, but abnormal signaling can lead to cancerous cell growth.
Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) does not increase ongoing pregnancy or live birth rates in women over 35 undergoing IVF. The technique's effectiveness has been called into question due to various limitations, including the potential for biopsy errors and chromosomal analysis biases.
Researchers have developed a method to amplify prions from brain tissue samples using normal blood cells, improving detection test sensitivity. This breakthrough may lead to a blood test for screening individuals at risk of passing variant CJD through blood transfusion or surgery.
Researchers discovered a gene associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma, found to alter ORMDL3 levels in children with asthma. The study involved over 2,000 children and found that the disease-associated version of the gene increases asthma risk by 60-70%.
Researchers at UNH have successfully proven the existence of a new type of electron wave on metal surfaces called acoustic surface plasmons. This discovery has significant implications for various fields including nano-optics, high-temperature superconductors, and chemical reactions on surfaces.
Research by Dr. Paul Fowler reveals that low doses of environmental chemicals can disturb the development of ovaries in female sheep fetuses, leading to protein abnormalities and reduced egg production.
Researchers from Boston University Medical Center successfully treat patients with immunoglobulin-light chain amyloidosis who did not respond to initial treatment. A tandem approach of high-dose chemotherapy and blood stem cell transplantation shows improved overall survival and quality of life for these patients.
Scientists analyzed DNA samples and found that ancient Alaskan gray wolves are genetically distinct from modern wolves. They lived in Alaska continuously from at least 45,000 years ago until approximately 12,000 years ago.
A study by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine found that 5.9% of respondents used valerian and 5.2% used melatonin to treat insomnia. However, a clinical practice review committee did not find beneficial effects for these supplements in treating insomnia symptoms.
Researchers discovered periodontal bacteria, including P. Gingivalis, in the amniotic fluid of 30% of pregnant women with threatened premature labor. The presence of these bacteria may pose a risk to both mothers and babies.