Researchers characterized transformation mechanisms in APL, revealing the importance of higher-order RXR homotetrameric complexes and recruitment. These findings suggest that disrupting these pathways may be a viable strategy for treating RARA fusion-mediated cancers.
A pooled analysis of data from previous studies suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk for developing Parkinson’s disease. Current and long-term smokers had the lowest risk, while those who quit smoking up to 25 years prior to diagnosis also showed a significant decrease in risk.
Researchers found that African-American women are more likely to present with later-stage and higher-grade tumors compared to Caucasians. Tumors from African-Americans also contain more poor prognostic molecular characteristics.
A study by MU researchers found that people pay more attention to pictures selected from a small array of choices than from a large array. Participants who chose from six thumbnail pictures remembered the pictures with 99 percent accuracy, while those who chose from 24 only remembered with 89 percent accuracy.
A recent study by the Smithsonian found that ancient Mexicans used seven different cultivars of chili peppers, similar to modern varieties, dating back to A.D. 500-1500.
Researchers have identified a new gene mutation in the progranulin gene associated with frontotemporal dementia. The mutation leads to a loss of protein production, which can cause brain cell death. This discovery provides new insights into the disease and may lead to the development of new therapies.
A new study finds that climate change and temperature fluctuations significantly correlate with warfare frequency in eastern China over the last millennium. The research reveals that cooling temperatures impact agriculture, leading to shortages of essential resources and potentially triggering armed conflicts.
Scientists have identified a new cancer therapy that sensitizes human cancer cells to a promising treatment, combining tumor necrosis factor death receptor ligand with multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. The combination enhances the potency and effectiveness of this treatment, overcoming resistance in some cancer cells.
A Duke University study found that female white-crowned sparrows prefer newer versions of their love song, indicating a shift in mate selection and territorial behavior. The researchers used controlled laboratory tests to assess bird responses to different song versions, revealing subtle yet significant differences.
A study found that certain clinician demographics, such as age and specialty, are associated with higher rates of inappropriate PSA screening. Patient education and system-level changes can help reduce this misuse.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that miRNAs regulate gene expression by associating with the Argonaute2 (Ago2) protein. This interaction inhibits protein production, highlighting a crucial role for Ago2 in the miRNA pathway.
Researchers used magnetic tweezers to study the action of topoisomerase I enzyme in yeast cells, revealing that topotecan's ability to kill cancer cells comes from forcing DNA into positive supercoils. The accumulation of these supercoils triggers cell suicide.
A study conducted by Virginia Tech researchers found that 51% of evaluated horses were overweight or obese, posing serious health problems like laminitis and hyperinsulinemia. The study suggests changes in horse care practices can help mitigate these risks.
The loss of eastern hemlocks may lead to significant changes in streamflow, forest structure, and soil moisture. Eastern hemlocks play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of mountain ecosystems, providing critical habitat for birds and other animals.
A large national study found that selenium supplements may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while a leading researcher advises against taking excessive selenium supplements. The study analyzed data from over 1,200 participants and found higher risks among those with higher blood selenium levels at the start of the study.
A new study by University of Colorado at Boulder researchers found that the average Major League Baseball player career lasts 5.6 years, with one in five position players having a single-year career. The study also revealed that a player's chance of ending their career is at least 11 percent at every point in their career.
A new study by researchers at CU-Boulder finds that reactive gases, not direct emissions of particulates, form the bulk of organic haze. The study reveals that aerosols formed chemically in the air account for about two-thirds of total organic haze in urban areas and over 90% in rural areas.
A review of published literature found that delays in childhood cancer diagnosis are short but the impact on prognosis remains unclear. The study suggests that delays can be attributed to gatekeeper-type healthcare systems, clinical presentation, stage of disease, and parent/patient factors.
Patients treated at high volume centers have better 30-day and 5-year survival rates compared to those at low volume centers. High-grade tumors and larger tumor sizes are less common in high volume centers, yet outcomes remain superior.
Angela Belcher's research with viruses is developing faster, better, cheaper, and environmentally-friendly electronic devices. Her nanofactories generate little waste, grow at room temperature, and promise to be inexpensive and largely biodegradable.
Scientists have found a key weakness in the enzyme that helps bacteria swap genes for drug resistance, allowing them to block the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Bisphosphonates, widely prescribed for bone loss, can annihilate antibiotic-resistant bacteria in laboratory cultures.
A leading paediatric expert emphasizes the importance of including children in research programmes to develop targeted therapies. This approach acknowledges key differences between children's and adults' metabolisms, organs, and disease behaviors.
Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have discovered that an obesity drug, orlistat, can be repurposed to target and kill cancer cells. The breakthrough, published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, provides a promising new avenue for the development of more potent cancer treatments.
The new criteria focus on a clinical core of early and significant episodic memory impairment, incorporating biomarker-based tests. Validation studies are necessary to optimize sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
A new drug candidate, abiraterone, has shown significant anti-tumor activity in early trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer whose tumors have continued to grow despite medical or surgical castration. The drug reduced PSA levels and shrunk tumors in both pre- and post-chemotherapy patients.
Researchers found a significant link between genetic variation on chromosome 8 and the risk of colorectal cancer, with individuals carrying the specific marker being 23% more likely to develop the disease. The study suggests that this single genetic variation might account for 14% of colorectal cancer cases in Israel.
Researchers found that pumpkin extract promotes regeneration of damaged pancreatic cells in diabetic rats, boosting insulin levels and reducing the need for daily insulin injections. The extract's protective effect is attributed to antioxidants and D-chiro-inositol, which may provide a new source of medication for diabetics.
Scientists at the University of Cape Town have developed a genetically engineered (GE) maize variety that is resistant to maize streak virus (MSV), a destructive pathogen that can wipe out entire maize crops. The transgenic maize variety has proven consistently resistant and can be reliably passed on to future generations.
The sizes and positions of floral anthers facilitate pollen collection by buzz-pollinating bees, according to Dr. Endress's work. Slight genetic changes can affect flower morphology and pollinator compatibility, highlighting the importance of understanding these interactions.
Researchers identified an essential protein that plays a key role in myelination and remyelination, processes vital for healthy brain development and repair. The discovery has major implications for treating brain damage in newborns and may lead to treatments or interventions to enhance brain health.
Scientists identify rapid evolution of plant defense genes as a cause of hybrid incompatibility, leading to sterility and defective offspring. This phenomenon may contribute to the formation of new species through gradual genetic incompatibilities.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have identified a common genetic risk factor for colorectal and prostate cancer. The study found that one variant previously associated with prostate cancer also increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
A new study reveals an alternative distribution mechanism in female sex cells that cause chromosome disorders, leading to infertility and irregular numbers of chromosomes. This fundamental mechanism may help explain the common occurrence of such disorders in females.
A successful bioeradication program in Lake Victoria reduced fish populations, improved hydroelectric power generation, and decreased malaria and schistosomiasis cases. The program used natural enemies of the invasive water hyacinth to control its spread, eliminating the need for pesticides.
Researchers have identified a gene, GLIS2, that protects against a serious kidney disease called nephronopthisis. Mutations in this gene cause the disease, which leads to kidney degeneration and failure.
A recent meta-analysis confirms that combining trastuzumab with chemotherapy reduces mortality by -34% and increases disease-free survival by 38% in women with operable HER-2 positive breast cancer. This treatment strategy also decreases the risk of locoregional and distant recurrences.
Researchers have found a new virus, NV1020, to be effective against colorectal cancer with minimal side effects. The treatment has shown promising results in reducing tumor masses and improving patient survival.
A study found that Canadian fifth-graders prefer larger portions of snacks and fast food but smaller portions of vegetables, with a significant gender gap in portion sizes. The researchers also discovered that children who frequently eat at fast-food restaurants or watch TV while eating are more likely to consider large portions as 'us...
Researchers at JILA discovered a previously unseen type of collective electronic behavior in semiconductors, shedding light on interactions between microscopic particles. The study used ultrafast lasers to analyze the phase shift of light, confirming the importance of collective exciton behavior and its superiority over simpler models.
A new study by Professor Michael Rowlinson reveals that nearly all UK and US companies produce historical accounts of themselves, but the quality is extremely variable. Many UK companies could improve the way they present their history to the public, which can impact consumers' views of their longevity and trustworthiness.
A new Rhode Island Hospital study shows a significant increase in trampoline-related injuries, with 531,378 reported cases over the decade. The majority of injuries (71%) were to extremities and occurred on home trampolines, prompting researchers to urge parents not to purchase these equipment for their children.
Murat Arcak, a researcher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, received the 2007 SIAG/CST Prize for his work on passivity approach and robustness in largescale networks. His research has enhanced performance and robustness for wireless and biological networks.
A recent study by University of Illinois researchers found that individuals with better parasympathetic tone had lower levels of inflammation, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). Exercise has been shown to improve parasympathetic tone, leading to a quicker heart-rate recovery after physical activity.
A landmark study finds that HIV/AIDS patients are 11 times more likely to develop Hodgkin's lymphoma, while transplant recipients face a similar increased risk for several types of cancer. Immune deficiency is the common factor driving these higher cancer rates in both groups.
Research by the University of Illinois found that elevated CO2 levels increase the susceptibility of soybeans to Japanese beetles and enhance their invasive abilities. This study highlights the potential risks of climate change on crop defenses, particularly for highly usable crops like soybeans.
A study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases reveals 35 genes whose expression patterns correlate with chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms. These findings may provide clues about the disease's underlying nature and potential mechanisms.
A new search engine mashup uses intelligent virtual robots to scan data quickly, assessing keywords and context, and combining it with meta search tools to retrieve relevant results. This approach improves the precision rate and recall rate of traditional search engines.
A Canadian study found that paracetamol overdose rates decreased significantly between 1995 and 2004, with a notable drop in hospitalizations among young women and Aboriginal populations. The lack of package size restrictions in Canada contributed to this decline, contrasting with the UK's successful implementation of smaller pack sizes.
USC researchers applied nanoscale imaging to study Anabaena oscillarioides, clarifying the mechanism of nitrogen fixation. The study revealed a key step in the nutrient cycle, allowing for better understanding of global carbon and nitrogen dynamics.
Ancient plant and insect life found in Greenland ice cores, suggesting a more stable southern Greenland ice sheet. The discovery sheds new light on the region's climate history and challenges previous views of sea level rise.
A randomized trial found that darunavir-ritonavir reduced HIV RNA levels by 77% compared to lopinavir-ritonavir at week 48. The treatment was well-tolerated with mild side effects in both groups.
A study from Rice University reveals that cooperative single-celled amoebae use family ties to prevent cheaters from undermining their colonies' health. By associating with kin, the amoebae's social system prevents the spread of selfish mutants.
Researchers at University at Buffalo developed a method to isolate functional smooth muscle cells from bone marrow, which can be used in regenerative medicine for cardiovascular applications. The engineered blood vessels function similarly to native tissue, demonstrating potential as an alternative to venous grafts.
In mice and human patients, researchers found that crippling of protective enzyme Prx2 leads to death of dopamine-producing neurons in Parkinson's disease. Activating Prx2 prevents neuronal loss, suggesting it as a beneficial target for PD treatment.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have found that protein CD36 facilitates the uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol in the proximal part of the intestine. The team believes that targeting this process may provide a useful tool for obesity treatment, as animals without CD36 absorb fat less efficiently and eat less.
The University of Cincinnati has received a $1.7 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to research molecular treatment of brain injury. Dr. Kenneth Strauss will study eicosanoids, which can protect healthy brain cells from further damage.
Several phase II and III trials investigate anti-retroviral drug combinations for pre-exposure prophylaxis among at-risk populations. The implementation of such a program requires careful planning and substantial resources to ensure access, minimize risk behavior, and prevent drug-resistant strains.
Dr. Insoo Bae receives $2 million Komen Award to develop novel prevention strategies for women with BRCA1 mutations. His research focuses on identifying environmental carcinogens that increase the risk of breast cancer in genetically predisposed individuals.
Early HIV testing for exposed infants can prevent infection before AIDS or death, allowing for prophylaxis or treatment implementation. Universal availability of prophylaxis or treatment is crucial, but poses challenges such as long-term toxic effects of anti-retroviral treatment.
A Kansas State University researcher has created a way to make fiber-enriched flour that tastes like regular flour, enabling the production of healthier snacking alternatives. The process uses extrusion processing to add varying levels of bran, resulting in improved dough quality and increased soluble dietary fiber.