The Vanderbilt Conte Center for Neuroscience Research will investigate the role of serotonin in brain development and function, seeking to understand genetic variability's impact on mental health. The center aims to translate laboratory discoveries into improved treatments for mental illnesses, including depression and autism.
The UK is considering vaccinating schoolgirls against the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) to prevent cervical cancer. A pilot study led by the University of Manchester aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a three-dose vaccine, Cervarix.
Scientists have demonstrated that fossils can be used to effectively understand complex branching in the evolutionary tree of life. By comparing morphological datasets of living and extinct species, researchers found no difference in the impact on the family tree when fossil data is included or removed.
Researchers at UC Irvine find Imatinib can kill cancerous stem cells, potentially curing CML under certain circumstances. A mathematical formula helps determine the optimal treatment duration.
A new study led by McMaster researcher Dr. Mark Tarnopolsky shows that taking a combination of creatine monohydrate and conjugated linoleic acid with resistance exercise training provides even greater benefits for muscle endurance and fat-free mass in older adults. The six-month program resulted in improvements of functional ability an...
Scientists at NRL capture first images of a comet colliding with a solar hurricane, revealing the detachment of the comet's tail due to coronal mass ejection. The event is triggered by magnetic reconnection, releasing energy and detaching the plasma tail.
Research found dogs that bit kids had distinctive patterns of behavior, but not specific breeds. The main causes of aggression were guarding resources and territory, with anxiety being a common factor in 3/4 cases.
Researchers found that vaginal progesterone gel reduced the need for intensive care and decreased hospital stays for premature infants. The treatment may also help prevent early preterm birth among women with a short cervix, according to the study's results.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center analyzed Medicare records of over 236,000 patients between 1999 and 2005, finding that men were two to three times more likely than women to receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. The study also revealed racial disparities in ICD use, with white men receiving the most devices.
A study aims to identify genetic variations associated with radiotherapy side effects, enabling individualized treatment. The research hopes to reduce toxicity while maintaining tumour control.
A study has identified genetic variants associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS. Women with specific variants in the estrogen receptor alpha gene were more likely to experience PMDD, suggesting hormonal factors play a key role in its development.
Research finds that HIV-positive employees in France face unemployment and workplace discrimination, particularly women and those with lower education levels. The study, based on a nationally representative sample of 478 participants, highlights the impact of disease severity and discrimination on employment opportunities.
Researchers discovered that ancient Greek craftsmen were able to build precise devices like the balance and catapult without understanding mathematical theory. This finding highlights the importance of practical know-how in scientific development and challenges the assumption that theoretical knowledge is essential for innovation.
The new guideline recommends clinicians rely on evidence-based therapies, limit X-rays, and consider non-pharmacologic options like exercise therapy, chiropractic care, and massage. The guidelines aim to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure and improve patient outcomes for low-back pain treatment.
University of Missouri-Columbia researcher Rainer Glaser presents a novel origin-of-life theory suggesting that essential molecule adenine originated from interstellar dust clouds. The presence of highly concentrated hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in these clouds could indicate the existence of adenine, which is crucial for life on Earth.
Researchers at Durham University have developed a new screening system to identify safer drugs for leishmaniasis. This breakthrough could lead to the development of non-toxic anti-protozoal drugs with reduced side effects, potentially saving lives in tropical regions.
Men with Gleason score 7 and tertiary grade 5 disease have a shorter time to PSA failure than those with Gleason score 8-10. This finding may affect management of care for men with prostate cancer.
A new study by the University of California, San Francisco, found that exposure to on-screen smoking in movies is strongly correlated with beginning or becoming established smokers among young adults aged 18-25. The research team also identified positive expectations about smoking and exposure to friends and relatives who smoke as key ...
A study found that young adults exposed to smoking in movies are more likely to start or continue smoking. The research, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, suggests a dose-dependent relationship between movie smoking and young adult smoking.
A new study by UC Irvine scientists suggests that Imatinib can drive cancer into remission in people with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) if taken over a long enough period of time. The researchers developed a mathematical formula to calculate the optimal treatment duration, which could potentially lead to a cure.
Women are less likely to receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death compared to men. According to a study published in JAMA, men are about 2-3 times more likely than women to receive ICDs within a year of entering the study.
A new study reveals that Concord grape juice stimulates an arterial relaxation effect, providing a prolonged relaxation effect that has not been reported with red wine. The beneficial effect of Concord grape juice lasts up to six hours, making it a heart-healthy alternative to moderate red wine consumption.
Researchers develop compound that targets leukemia at stem-cell level, where malignancy is born, potentially leading to more effective treatments. DMAPT appears to be unique in its ability to kill both dormant and dividing cancer cells without harming healthy blood cells.
Researchers found that low doses of resveratrol improve insulin sensitivity in mice, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that foods enriched with resveratrol or supplemented with the chemical may be a better option for improving insulin sensitivity.
Researchers found that only 35% of eligible patients had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) installed or planned. Women and minorities are less likely to receive ICDs than white men, highlighting a need for improved treatment options.
Scientists at the University of Chicago have found that Titan's climate is analogous to Earth's tropics, with methane clouds and a tropical weather system. The moon's slow rotation rate and atmosphere produce an updraft that lifts evaporated methane into clouds, similar to Earth's ITCZ.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute have discovered a genetic 'roadblock' that sensitizes mice to insulin, paving the way for new treatments. The study found that eliminating the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) gene made insulin more effective in regulating blood sugar levels.
The study found that perindopril therapy reduced aortic diameters relative to placebo in both systole and diastole in patients with MFS taking standard beta-blocker therapy. This suggests that ACE inhibitors may be a useful treatment option for Marfan syndrome patients.
A new study suggests that avoiding sweets may spell a longer life. Researchers found that worms lived up to 20% longer when unable to process glucose, increasing mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress. This finding raises questions about the effects of sugar on human lifespan and treatment for type 2 diabetes.
A new study published in Molecular Ecology sheds light on the Galápagos hawk's evolutionary history by analyzing DNA sequences from feather lice. The research reveals how island populations of the bird might have colonized the Galápagos islands, and provides insights into the evolution of cooperative behavior.
A study found that carbon dioxide inhalation triggers emotional distress and a panic response in healthy volunteers. The reaction is dose-dependent, with higher CO2 concentrations causing stronger negative emotions. Older subjects exhibited a weaker reaction, suggesting an underlying protective brain alarm may be blunted in the elderly.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have solved part of the molecular puzzle behind basil's characteristic warm and sweet aroma, providing a three-dimensional snapshot of the enzyme Eugenol Synthase. The study reveals how this enzyme produces eugenol, a fragrant molecule responsible for basil's spicy overtones.
Mother of thousands plant reproduces by dropping off complete miniature plants that grow independently, unlike most plants which rely on seeds. The plant's ability to make plantlets has been linked to the expression of specific genes STM and LEC.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a thumb-size micro-incubator that cultures living cells autonomously for extended periods. The device features computer-controlled electronics, precise temperature control, and an eco-friendly design that minimizes environmental impact.
A study by Mary Murphy found that women experience identity threat when outnumbered in MSE settings, leading to decreased performance expectations and actual performance. The study suggests that situational cues can contribute to the performance gap between men and women in these fields.
A transderivational search engine will be developed to help people discover connections between text, audio, image, geometry, and motion data. The researchers aim to enhance the synaesthetic effect in analogy generation and advance artificial intelligence through this technology.
New projections for Australia's changing climate indicate rising temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns. By 2030, temperatures are expected to increase by about 1ºC, with a 10-20% chance of exceeding this threshold in coastal areas.
The University-National Park Energy Partnership Program has funded nearly 70 projects at over 30 national parks, saving energy bills and educating future energy professionals. Students conduct energy audits, data analysis, and implement renewable energy measures such as solar and wind turbines in historic sites.
University of Missouri-Columbia researchers are awarded $2.16 million to investigate the cause of intraplate earthquakes in North China and the New Madrid area. The multi-institutional study aims to improve understanding of these rare and destructive earthquakes.
Researchers found a link between childbirth and reduced breast cancer risk, suggesting that fetal cells may play a role. The study discovered that women with male DNA in their bloodstream had a lower risk of developing breast cancer.
The NHS spends £16 million a year on specialized bath products for eczema, despite lack of evidence showing their effectiveness. Healthcare professionals often recommend them to patients, but experts disagree on their value.
Research suggests that dilaton effects could reduce the abundance of stable dark matter particles like neutralinos by a factor of ten. This finding has implications for supersymmetric searches in colliders and challenges standard cosmology theories.
A randomized controlled trial shows that combination therapy with fluoxetine and cognitive behavior therapy is more effective than either strategy alone in treating adolescents with depression. This study suggests that cognitive behavior therapy may protect against treatment-emergent suicidal events in patients taking fluoxetine.
Astronomers analyze galaxy clusters and discover that dark matter, a mysterious invisible force, has an incredibly long lifetime. The research suggests that axions, a type of particle with extra dimensions, could be the culprit behind this prolonged existence.
Researchers found that people treated with minocycline within six to 24 hours after a stroke had significantly fewer disabilities. The study results show that minocycline may be an alternative treatment for stroke, offering improved outcomes compared to current treatments.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has issued comprehensive guidelines for treating low back pain, recommending that clinicians avoid routine imaging and diagnostic tests. The ACP also found that the newer drug telbivudine is more effective than adefovir in suppressing hepatitis B virus levels.
Researchers use Finite Element Analysis to test the bite force and feeding mechanics of Smilodon, finding a relatively weak bite that limits its killing behaviors. Despite this, Smilodon was an efficient hunter of large game and could restrain prey before biting.
Researchers have discovered that Notch gene stimulates breast cancer stem cells, which can cause the disease to recur. A potential new drug therapy targeting this gene could lead to a faster treatment in hospital clinics within a few years.
A new study reveals that children have more difficulty initiating sleep than maintaining sleep, with parents often underestimating their child's sleep problems. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine offers tips to help children sleep better, including establishing a consistent bedtime routine and creating a relaxing environment.
Researchers found that patients with large polyps or adenomas may need more frequent follow-up, while those with only a few small polyps can be screened less often. Relatives of patients with large polyps should also be targeted for screening.
A new study by Conservation International warns that the Amazon rainforest is at risk from the IIRSA initiative, which could lead to widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity. However, the report offers pragmatic approaches for reconciling economic development with environmental protection, including the use of carbon credits, ...
A team of Harvard researchers has found that organisms must stay below a mutation rate of 6 per genome per generation to prevent extinction. This discovery explains why some species are more resilient to genetic changes and offers insights into the physical properties of genetic material and its impact on survival fitness.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center found that fetal microchimerism, the presence of residual fetal cells in a woman's body, is significantly more common in healthy women than those with breast cancer. The study suggests that these cells may provide immune surveillance and reduce breast cancer risk.
The Great Plains' stability is threatened by demographic shifts, environmental degradation, and economic pressures. Despite increased crop productivity, the region faces challenges such as soil erosion, high nitrate runoff, and declining aquifers.
Infection with West Nile Virus increases plasma and spinal fluid MIF levels, improving survival in mice; delayed viral neuroinvasion allows clearance of the virus.
Researchers discovered that genes significantly impact people's perception of fairness in economic games, with identical twins showing greater similarity in gameplay than fraternal twins. Genetic influences account for up to 40% of the variation in response to unfair offers.
A new study found that early family intervention can alter children's biological response to stress, leading to improved behavior and reduced risk of delinquency. The intervention, which includes parenting strategies and social skills training, resulted in increased cortisol levels in anticipation of a socially stressful situation.
A new study led by Joslin Diabetes Center researchers shows that leptin plays a major role in islet cell growth and insulin secretion, potentially leading to new treatments for type 2 diabetes. The study found that mice lacking leptin receptors in the pancreas showed improved glucose tolerance and greater insulin secretion.
Researchers at UVA Health System discovered how cells protect themselves from DNA damage caused by UV rays, involving an unexpected connection between proteins. The study reveals part of a pathway inside human cells that regulates when and how cells repair damage to their DNA.
A new analysis reveals that predicted mass scale for discovering new particles is about one TeV, more than double the previous estimate. This discovery could revolutionize particle physics research.