A new study found that a serotonin shortage in the gut can cause constipation, similar to depression, and that treatment increasing serotonin levels may alleviate both conditions. The research suggests that slow-release 5-HTP therapies could treat related brain-gut disorders.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center developed a cross-circulation technique to rehabilitate damaged lungs, extending the assessment time from six hours to 36 hours. The regenerated lungs meet transplantation criteria, potentially increasing organ availability.
Researchers have established a conclusive link between magnetic skyrmions and the topological Hall effect, enabling the study of their properties. The discovery paves the way for innovative magnetic storage devices.
A study by Simon Joly and Elizabeth Wolkovich found that a plant's genetics can be used to accurately predict when its leaves will burst bud in spring. The research showed that genetic differences between individual specimens within a species affect how well they adapt to climate change.
A study found that BI-RADS 3 lesions in baseline vs non-baseline high-risk screening MRI exams have different cancer yields, with lower rates in baseline exams. Most cancers diagnosed on follow-up are early stage and detected at or before the 6-month mark.
A new study among US adolescents found lesbian, gay, and bisexual teens more likely to engage in polysubstance use compared to their heterosexual peers. The researchers identified distinct patterns of substance use that varied by sexual orientation, sex, race/ethnicity, and age.
Researchers found an ocean heat-transporting mechanism controlling the monsoon's intensity. The mechanism strengthens the monsoon when winds drive south-flowing waters that cool the ocean.
The researchers developed a method for identifying the location of point-like scatterers based on fluctuations in physical properties, such as Lame parameters and mass density. This technique can improve tomography efficiency for seismic and electromagnetic exploration in geophysics and nondestructive testing of materials.
A KAIST research team visualized pulmonary microcirculation in vivo using a custom-built 3D intravital microscope imaging system. They found that neutrophils aggregate inside capillaries during sepsis-induced acute lung injury, leading to tissue hypoxia and damage.
Researchers have created devices that manipulate sound in the same way as light, creating opportunities for entertainment and public communication. They've demonstrated a dynamic metamaterial device with a zoom objective and built a collimator to transmit sound as a directional beam.
Researchers investigate Haumea's ring, suggesting a degree of eccentricity is required for resonance to act on particles. They identify stable, circular orbits compatible with the ring, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers perceive positive effects on careers, visibility, and impact after communication campaigns, improving professional prestige and funding opportunities. Most benefits include increased citations, talk requests, and industrial collaboration.
Researchers at Swansea University's Medical School have found that immune cells can re-programme their metabolic pathways to provide energy and building blocks when challenged. This discovery suggests that manipulating metabolism could lead to new therapies for infectious diseases and cancer.
Historical records show that lions are injured by porcupine quills when they attempt to hunt them. Young male lions are more likely to be injured or killed, and their injuries can impair their hunting abilities and even lead to man-eating.
Researchers discovered that self-fertilization helps two Asiatic dayflower species coexist in the wild, countering reproductive interference caused by shared pollinators. Both species can produce enough seeds to survive through self-pollination, even when one is heavily impacted by the other's flowers.
A study led by Vanderbilt University Medical Center's Sheila Ridner found bioimpedance spectroscopy to be more accurate than a tape measure in identifying women at risk of developing lymphedema. The technology reduced rates of progression by approximately 10%, a clinically meaningful improvement.
A Michigan State University study reveals the significant economic impact of the craft beer value chain on the state's economy. The industry generates nearly $1 billion in aggregate economic contributions, making it a substantial driver in Michigan.
Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a 3D mini-gut model that reflects the autoimmune response to gluten in celiac patients. The study identified novel genes associated with epithelial functions related to celiac disease, including gut barrier maintenance and stem cell regeneration.
The Gutenberg Research College at Mainz University awarded the 2019 Gutenberg Research Award to Professor Corine Defrance for her research on Germany-France relations. The award also recognizes five new fellows across various disciplines, including geophysics, fine arts, and molecular neurodevelopmental biology.
A retrospective database review of 28 MRI examinations with new suspicious findings found that nearly all were benign, with only a small percentage being proven malignant.
The AGA Research Foundation Awards Program has selected 52 promising researchers to receive funding, including 88% who are early-career investigators. The awardees will support clinical research and studies in gastroenterology and hepatology, with a focus on improving patient care and outcomes.
The Australian Centre for Innovative Manufacturing (ACIM) at Flinders University aims to create jobs and promote growth in strategic industries. The facility will explore the application of advanced technologies like automation, robotics, and digital assembly.
A large study found that fewer than half of men and women in Britain aged 16-44 have sex at least once a week. Declines in sexual activity were evident across all age groups for women, and for most age groups for men, with the largest declines among those aged 25 and over and those who are married or living together.
The ORC Layout software uses flexible principles to suggest intuitive layouts for various screen sizes and orientations, reducing time-consuming and error-prone manual design. By combining traditional constraint-based layout and flow layout methods, the software automates UI design, making it simpler and more efficient.
New research finds that working in a Colorado nail salon increases the risk of cancer due to exposure to carcinogenic compounds. Workers reported symptoms such as headaches, respiratory difficulties, and skin irritation, with lifetime cancer risk up to 100 times higher than baseline EPA-issued levels.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Epidemiology found a strong link between maternal nut intake during pregnancy and improved cognitive function in children. The research, conducted in Spain, analyzed data from over 2,200 mother-child pairs and discovered that those who consumed more nuts during the first trimester sco...
A new study finds that immediate, dramatic cuts in carbon emissions can be economically sound if human health benefits are factored in. The research estimates that the health benefits alone could reach trillions of dollars annually, depending on air quality policies adopted by nations.
Newborns with Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 have a higher risk of infections, breathing problems, brain injury, low blood sugar levels, and death compared to those with a perfect score of 10. A small change in score from 10 to 9 at five or ten minutes after birth also increases the risk.
A new study suggests that Facebook algorithms can lead to different results from the same advertising spend, creating new inequalities in online campaigning. Researchers argue that existing regulations need to be updated to capture the true extent of political spending on social media platforms.
Researchers have generated two antibodies that potentially could be used in a simple filter paper test to detect Ebola virus. The study, published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, marks a breakthrough in diagnosing Ebola and Marburg viruses, which can cause severe bleeding and organ failure with high fatality rates.
Researchers discovered that fibrinogen, a blood-clotting protein, plays a role in multiple sclerosis relapses. In a mouse model, injecting EVs containing fibrinogen activated CD8+ immune cells, leading to relapsing-remitting disease.
A randomized controlled trial involving 288 people with obesity found that a mobile phone-based intervention had no significant effect on participants' weight over a 12-month period. The study suggests that the intervention may not be cost-effective in its current form.
Astronomers detect unusual chemical signature in ASASSN-18tb supernova, potentially resolving longstanding mystery surrounding their origins. The discovery offers new insights into the mechanism and players involved in creating Type Ia supernovae.
A recent study led by IGB demonstrates complex learning behaviour in Atlantic sturgeons. The fish trained to search for food in a sandy environment showed improved feeding behavior and increased formation of the transcription factor neurod1 in their brains.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a smart suitcase that warns blind users of impending collisions and a wayfinding smartphone app provides turn-by-turn audio instructions. The apps were tested at Pittsburgh International Airport with promising results, improving independence for travelers with visual disabilities.
A team of researchers at the University of Münster discovered a mechanism that triggers subsequent lamellipodial cycles in cells, allowing them to maintain direction over time. This discovery sheds light on how cells navigate their environment without external signals.
The AGILE particle telescope will analyze charged particles in the heliosphere, shedding light on physical processes in space. The technology could help clinicians accurately measure radiation absorbed by cancer patients during therapy.
Seeds with extra genomes undergo interploidy seed abortion due to defective endosperm development. Researchers found that RNA Pol IV silences gene expression from transposons and repetitive DNA, playing a key role in seed abortion.
A new species of fish parasite, Elthusa xena, has been discovered in South Africa, adding to the genus' diversity. The female parasites were named after Xena due to their tough appearance and egg-carrying abilities.
Researchers found that a high-sugar diet in fruit flies changes the way they taste sweets, leading to overeating and obesity. The study suggests that reducing sugar intake may help regulate food intake and curb obesity-related chronic diseases.
A team of biophysicists has discovered the correct structure of the KR2 rhodopsin protein under physiological conditions, which is crucial for understanding its mechanism and potential applications in optogenetics. The study reveals that the protein forms a stable pentamer when functioning correctly.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified a new stealthy, jumping gene called mcr-9, which resists the world's last-resort antibiotic colistin, threatening global health. The discovery enables early detection and isolation of resistant bacteria in hospitals and food products.
Researchers find that human iPSCs can efficiently produce highly purified extracellular vesicles for treating aging-related diseases. These vesicles contain proteins and other treatments that can help repair damaged cells, and may one day be used to treat progeria and ALS.
A joint China-UK-Russia research team found that oxygen levels played a fundamental role in the Cambrian Explosion of animals. The study analyzed ancient seawater chemistry and determined that evolutionary radiations followed a 'boom and bust' pattern in tandem with oxygen levels.
Researchers found that visual stimulation can prevent neuron degeneration and enhance synaptic function in Alzheimer's disease models. The treatment also improved spatial memory performance in older mice without a predisposition for the disease.
Scientists at PSI investigate a novel material exhibiting electronic properties never seen before, including Rarita-Schwinger fermions and quadruple topological Fermi arcs. The crystal is a chiral topological semimetal with exotic physical phenomena, such as phase transitions at its surface.
Researchers found that electroconvulsive therapy corrects brain networks associated with learning and thinking impairments in individuals with depression. ECT reconfigures brain networks that promote flexibility in how people remember events, helping them cope better with daily challenges.
A phase I/II clinical trial of an enzyme-based treatment found reduced signs of disease and discomfort in participants with severe dry eye disease. The treatment, DNase, was shown to be safe and effective in improving corneal health and reducing symptoms.
A study found that Coca-Cola's contracts allow the company to 'quash' health research findings at public universities. The researchers argue that this suppresses critical health information and contravenes the company's commitment to transparent support for science.
A new study recommends four cost-effective methods to reduce arsenic contamination in Bangladesh, including testing and drilling medium-depth wells. The strategies could help more people at a lower cost, with the goal of improving public health and lives.
A new vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing African Swine Fever in wild boar, with 92% protection rate. The vaccine can also pass on immunity via contact with infected animals, offering a potential solution to the spread of this deadly disease.
A new AI-based method predicts an individual woman's likelihood of being diagnosed with breast cancer using deep learning and full-resolution mammograms. The model outperforms traditional methods in risk discrimination across different races, ages, and family histories.
A CABI-led project has helped China reduce its reliance on harmful pesticides by developing cutting-edge data and models to predict crop pest spread and severity. The £1.6m STFC Newton Agri-Tech Fund-financed project has left a lasting legacy in promoting sustainable controls and biopesticide use.
Scientists at Kobe University created a metabolic pathway and engineered enzymes in microbes to optimize pharmaceutical raw material production. They used a 'Design, Build, Test, Learn' workflow to systematically optimize production processes, resulting in improved alkaloid yields.
The world is not on track to achieve global targets to reduce harmful alcohol use, according to a study of 189 countries' alcohol intake. The total volume of alcohol consumed globally per year has increased by 70%, with low- and middle-income countries driving the increase.
A new study suggests that developed countries can gain economically from their counterterrorism efforts, whereas developing countries face economic losses due to these threats. The study investigates the interplay between trade and terrorism under free trade between a developed nation and a developing nation.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a fully automated tool to assess α-synuclein aggregation in cerebrospinal fluid using ultrasonication. The HANABI device can accurately detect patients with Parkinson's disease and has potential for early diagnosis and treatment assessment.
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed a new approach to induce pluripotent stem cell generation, increasing efficiency from 5% to 40% and shortening the process. This breakthrough could lead to significant advancements in regenerative therapies and precision medicine.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University use genome editing to create a human stem cell model of congenital hepatic fibrosis, uncovering molecular players that contribute to the illness. They identify IL-8 and CTGF as key genes involved in the disease's progression.
Researchers at Drexel University found that adults with mental health needs are more likely to receive care and have lower out-of-pocket costs when covered by Medicare or employer-sponsored health insurance compared to ACA Marketplace plans.