Researchers argue that wetter climates may have allowed Homo sapiens to expand across deserts of Central Asia by 50-30,000 years ago. This new perspective challenges traditional views on human migration, suggesting that northern and central Asia were not impassable barriers.
A joint team of Chinese scientists has demonstrated CV-QKD transmission over commercial deployed fiber links with distances of up to 50 kilometers. The system achieved higher secret key rates compared to previous laboratory tests, overcoming challenges such as environmental perturbations and equipment losses.
Researchers have discovered a new substance that can form during the oriented attachment (OA) process of crystal growth, which may deepen our understanding of crystal formation mechanisms. The discovery was made using state-of-the-art experimental methods and theoretical calculations.
Researchers found that corals and coralline algae, crucial for reef structure, are vulnerable to ocean acidification. The study suggests a significant shift in the composition and function of future reefs if they can survive climate change.
Researchers use graphene to improve loop heat pipes, essential for satellites and equipment in space. The Graphene Flagship project aims to integrate these devices into satellites and the international space station in the next few years.
A recent study published in Psychopharmacology found that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy significantly improved PTSD symptoms, with 54% of participants no longer meeting criteria after two sessions. The therapy was compared to small doses or non-drug psychotherapy and showed promising results.
Researchers found orang-utan knuckle joints consistent with branch grasping, while chimpanzee and gorilla joints matched knuckle-walking patterns. The study's findings enhance understanding of human evolutionary history.
A University of Colorado study found that young-onset patients with colorectal cancer often experience prolonged rectal bleeding before diagnosis, leading to advanced stage cancer at the time of diagnosis. The average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis was 294 days.
Researchers found that remdesivir completely protected four African green monkeys from a lethal dose of Nipah virus. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, provides promising results for the treatment of Nipah virus infection.
Research in mice found that breastfeeding can transfer immunity beyond the period of breastfeeding, driven by immune cells rather than antibodies. This protection was transferred from mothers exposed to worm infections before pregnancy and provided lifelong benefits to their infants.
A study found that brain size in offspring is associated with paternal care, while higher fertility is linked to alloparental care from non-biological parents. This suggests that energy inputs from different caregivers may impact brain development and reproductive output in mammals.
Early-onset colorectal cancer incidence has been increasing rapidly in Western US states, despite low rates of smoking and physical inactivity. The study found that rates rose faster for rectal tumors than colon tumors, with average increases exceeding 2.5% per year in ten states.
A recent study by WVU biostatistician Snehalata Huzurbazar found a correlation between the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth rates, particularly in African American women. The researchers identified specific bacteria species that proliferated in women who gave birth prematurely, which may help predict and prevent preterm births.
A team of Dartmouth scientists have found that Godzilla has evolved 30 times faster than other organisms on Earth, growing from a 50-meter tall creature to 119.8 meters in just 65 years. This rapid growth is linked to humanity's collective anxiety, with the researchers proposing that Godzilla represents a cultural icon for our times.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have successfully created colloidal particles that mimic atomic behavior, allowing for controlled interactions and assembly. By exposing these particles to different light sources, they can switch between attractive and repulsive forces.
A study analyzing 800 photos from the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis found that most depicted migrants as victims, with only 186 showing agency or positive moments. The research highlights the responsibility of photojournalists to convey a more comprehensive story, one that goes beyond shocking images.
Researchers created a nanoscale bioabsorbable wound dressing using chitosan, which shows promise in reducing blood loss and improving hemostasis. The dressing can be applied, left in the injury site, and eliminates the need for subsequent physical removal.
A mass die-off of puffins and Crested auklets was recorded in the Bering Sea due to climate-driven food shifts, with reduced prey resources potentially leading to starvation. The study suggests that future research should investigate seabird resilience in a changing environment.
A long-term partnership between researchers and local community members has led to significant improvements in air quality and environmental awareness in Pittsburgh's East End. The program, EJCAM, trained community leaders and advocated for green initiatives, resulting in a more informed and engaged citizenry.
Researchers observed chimpanzees in Guinea catching and eating fresh-water crabs year-round, regardless of fruit availability. Crab consumption was more common among female chimps and their offspring, suggesting it provides essential nutrients like fatty acids.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard found that changes in the gut microbiome during IBD trigger an unhealthy inflammatory reaction. The research, part of the Human Microbiome Project, identified specific chemicals and microbial shifts that contribute to disease activity.
A Rutgers study found that striped maple trees can switch sex from year to year, with 54% of trees changing sexes over a four-year period. Female trees are more likely to die, which could lead to reduced populations and a decrease in seed production.
A new device for collecting and purifying water, developed at the University of Texas at Austin, uses a rose-inspired design to improve upon current methods. The device can produce more than half a gallon of water per hour per square meter and removes contamination from heavy metals and bacteria.
A new study published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology found significant growth in hemodialysis conduit angiography utilization, increasing by 1700% nationally from 2001 to 2015. This trend was particularly pronounced among nephrologists, with a 24.0% increase in procedures performed annually in office settings.
A new study suggests that implementing sugar taxes and labeling on packaged products can lead to a reduction in sugar consumption. The study found that consumers were more likely to choose products with less sugar when prices increased due to taxes or when nutrition labels were displayed on the front of packages.
A study from the University of California, Davis found that thinning forests and prescribed burns reduced tree mortality during a severe drought and bark beetle epidemic. The treatment also helped to increase forest resilience by reducing water stress and making trees more resistant to climate change.
Researchers have deciphered the structure of a complex involved in regulating the immune system, finding new molecular targets for fighting autoimmunity. The discovery has implications for treating autoimmune disorders such as lupus and may lead to the development of new drugs targeting this complex.
Researchers found that compostable food packaging can leach per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into compost, raising concerns about potential health effects on crops. The study's results contributed to the passage of a bill banning PFAS in paper food packaging in Washington state.
A new method using flow cytometry has been developed to measure the immune response in islet transplant recipients. This standardized approach helps predict patient outcomes and could enable early intervention to prevent rejection.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that older women who took 4,400 steps per day had significantly lower mortality rates compared to those taking 2,700 steps per day. Risk of death continued to decrease with more steps taken, leveling off at around 7,500 steps per day.
DNA nanotubes designed by Yi Li and Rebecca Schulman can heal themselves in serum, extending lifetimes from 24 hours to over 96 hours. The researchers developed a self-repair process using smaller DNA tiles that repair damaged structures by replacing or joining to the nanotube ends.
Researchers have developed a new method to create thin films that emit single photons at precise locations, enabling the scalability of quantum materials. This breakthrough paves the way for beyond-lab-scale quantum information technologies, including all-optical quantum computing and quantum key distribution.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered two distinct neutrophil states in blood, which vary depending on patient health and infection status. These findings may lead to new models for disease detection and monitoring, such as tracking primed neutrophils to predict inflammatory diseases.
Despite NICE guidelines stating cataract surgery is cost-effective, NHS commissioners are restricting access to the procedure. Over 2,900 prior approval requests for cataract surgery were rejected in 2022, more than double the number two years ago.
Allison Osmanson, a UTA doctoral student, has received a prestigious fellowship from the Semiconductor Research Corp. to work on microelectronics packaging. She will receive funding and technical guidance from Texas Instruments.
Scientists discover that rapid warming in the Gulf of Maine's depths is changing food availability and increasing risk to North Atlantic right whales. The study reveals that climate-driven changes are rippling throughout the ecosystem, making conservation efforts challenging.
Researchers discovered that reprogrammed fat cells release enzymes that suppress bone formation and promote bone breakdown in multiple myeloma. Targeting a molecular complex may help heal bone lesions by restoring PPARγ activity.
A new study by Macquarie University reveals that more protected areas are needed in New South Wales' west to safeguard native species from climate change. The researchers identified suitable habitats for vulnerable species like the spotted-tailed quoll and squirrel glider but found inadequate protection in central-western NSW.
A new study by FSU Assistant Professor Patricia Homan found that living in a state with high levels of structural sexism worsens health outcomes for both men and women, with chronic conditions and poor physical function on the rise. States with lower levels of sexism, such as Maryland and California, had better health profiles.
A new statistical machine learning framework has been developed to reconstruct the original network after a viral attack, which is crucial for designing new medicines or gene therapies against viruses and diseases like cancer. The framework actively incorporates the influence and causality of the attack into its learning algorithm.
Dr. Helen Genova of Kessler Foundation has received a $357,000 grant from the New Jersey Governor's Council to develop a virtual reality job training tool for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The study aims to improve interview skills and increase confidence among teens with autism.
Researchers aim to develop personalized treatments for addiction by studying mechanisms of control and decision-making. The center will use mobile health technologies, apps, and imaging techniques to analyze cognitive performance and mood states of addicts.
Researchers have identified a bacterium, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense, as a potential sign of life on Mars. The bacterium can thrive in harsh environments with low oxygen levels and forms unique rock formations that resemble pasta, making it an easy target for detection.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that nonfasting lipid levels were similar to fasting lipid levels in the same individuals, predicting cardiovascular risk just as well. The results suggest it may be unnecessary for most patients to fast before having bloodwork done to measure lipid levels.
Researchers found that specific financial skills declined with age and at the earliest stages of mild memory impairment. As amyloid plaques buildup increases, a person's ability to understand and apply basic financial concepts declines, making financial management falters more likely.
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that steroid inhalers can lower lung cancer risk in COPD patients. The research, published in European Respiratory Journal, analyzed data from 39,676 adults with COPD and found a 25-30% reduction in lung cancer risk among those using steroids.
Researchers found a link between high LDL cholesterol levels and early-onset Alzheimer's, suggesting LDL may play a causal role in the development of the disease. APOE E4 and other gene variants also explain some cases, but the study suggests cholesterol could be an independent risk factor.
Researchers at Rockefeller University developed small molecules that inhibit cGAS, an enzyme implicated in misguided immune responses. These compounds could lead to new treatments for people with certain autoimmune disorders and shed light on autoimmunity.
Researchers have discovered how to rejuvenate organic anthraquinone molecules that decompose over time, extending the lifetime of an organic flow battery by at least a factor of 40. By exposing the molecule to oxygen and avoiding overcharging, the researchers were able to recover up to 70% of lost capacity.
Research finds that anxiety disorders are linked to an increased incidence of seasonal and perennial allergies. The study also reveals a positive correlation between perennial allergies and depressive episodes. Furthermore, the team found no significant influence of psychological factors on food and drug allergies.
Engineers have released a freely available quality-controlled dataset from 1,287 residential installations across Australia to improve solar forecasting and grid management. The dataset provides six months' worth of measurements from three different cities, allowing for controlled analysis and spatial analysis.
Adding solar farms in New York state could reduce summer electricity demand by up to 9.6 percent, but winter energy demand may lead to volatile swings in the power system due to low demand and high solar production
Dr. Paula S. Bontempi has been selected as a Fellow of The Oceanography Society for her groundbreaking work in satellite-based ocean ecology. Her dedication to advancing the field through innovative projects and mentorship has made significant contributions to ocean research and education.
Researchers observed brain activity while participants made choices between lotteries, finding neural activity responsible for both rational and irrational decision-making. The study suggests that occasional inconsistent choices are fundamental to how a typical brain works, contradicting previous theories.
Researchers developed two AI methods that decipher complex gene activity controlling cell fate decisions in retina development, relating this gene activity to other tissues and across different species. The findings provide key insights into human disease and highlight the potential for AI to shed light on cancer treatment.
A new laboratory test could accurately predict which breast cancers are likely to spread and help clinicians select optimal treatments. The test, called Microfluidic Assay for quantification of Cell Invasion (MAqCI), assesses three key features of metastasis in cancer cells.
A climate model has been developed that accurately depicts the winding course of the jet stream, a major air current over the Northern Hemisphere. The new model shows that climate change is causing the jet stream to falter, leading to extreme weather conditions in Central Europe and North America.
A study models the demand, benefit, and cost of implementing a 20-year strategy for radiotherapy to treat cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The research estimates that 9.4 million women will require radiotherapy, generating $151.5 billion in economic benefits.
Seven cutting-edge research projects have been awarded grants to tackle pancreatic cancer, with a focus on early diagnosis, potential new treatments, and understanding immunotherapy's limitations.
A large-scale analysis of over 3,000 patients with early oesophagus and stomach cancer found that female patients are more likely to survive longer than male patients, but experience more severe gastrointestinal side effects during chemotherapy. Researchers hope the findings can help tailor treatment approaches for individual patients.