A QUT analysis of studies on attitudes towards medicinal cannabis found that health professionals are broadly supportive but concerned about psychiatric harm and misuse. They also lack knowledge across all aspects, including pharmacology and legislation.
A recent study reveals that radiology residents in the US are not adequately trained to identify and report child abuse. The study, presented at the ARRS 2019 Annual Meeting, found that residents correctly identified only 37.6% of non-accidental trauma cases over a five-year period.
A team of researchers from Trinity College Dublin has discovered that SARM plays an important role in the immune response and regulates inflammation. The study suggests that targeting SARM could provide a new option for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer
Scientists at Lobachevsky University have developed a new method for measuring the photochemical reflectance index using yellow-green light pulses, reducing sensitivity to lighting conditions and improving accuracy. The method has been tested on agricultural plants and found to be more reliable than traditional indicators of photosynth...
A large study found that HER2 expression can predict DCIS recurrence and progression, enabling targeted treatments for high-risk patients. By screening DCIS patients for HER2, doctors can minimize the chance of recurrence or spread in lower-risk patients.
A study by Bocconi University researchers found that hospitals with more open cultures have lower mortality rates, as staff are encouraged to report errors and take action. The results suggest that reforms in the English NHS since 2016 are on the right track.
Research found that individuals with depression who experienced stress in the previous 24 hours had worse endothelial function. The study also linked stress to more severe symptoms of depression and poor vascular function.
A team of researchers from Osaka University and Kirin Holdings Company, Limited demonstrated that the texture-formation in a pint glass of Guinness beer is induced by flow of a bubble-free fluid film flowing down along the wall of the glass. The phenomenon is analogous to roll waves observed in water sliding downhill on a rainy day.
The study provides new insights into the functional role of the PPC in decision-making, showing that it plays an essential role in making judgments about unknown sensory stimuli. The researchers used a novel behavioral technique and precise manipulation of neuronal activity to demonstrate the causal role of the PPC during decision-making.
A study by Clara Berridge found that surveillance cameras in nursing homes can record personal moments, compromising resident privacy and dignity. The survey also highlighted issues with consent and the security of camera feeds, highlighting the need for reform and increased funding for long-term care systems.
A new study published in The Lancet has identified levetiracetam as a safe and effective alternative to phenytoin for treating convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children. The trial, conducted by the EcLiPSE Team, involved over 300 children and found that levetiracetam may be considered as an alternative treatment to phenytoin.
Researchers have identified specific neurons in the brainstem of mice that encode sweetness and convey sweet taste-specific signals. This breakthrough study reveals new information about how different taste qualities are processed by distinct types of neurons.
A UK study reveals that state-funded preschools maintain high-quality childcare settings due to highly qualified staff, even with less favorable child-to-staff ratios. The study's findings suggest that policy changes and in-service training plans are crucial factors in predicting quality.
A new study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that arsenic exposure in drinking water may lead to thickening of the heart's main pumping chamber in young adults, increasing the risk for future heart problems. The study, published online in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, assessed the effects of arsenic o...
Researchers at the University of Michigan discovered that paper wasps possess the ability to use known relationships to infer unknown ones, similar to humans. This cognitive skill may be linked to their complex social behavior and dominance hierarchies, allowing them to rapidly make deductions about novel social relationships.
A new climate policy model debuts in Nature Communications, finding that reducing carbon emissions is economically sound due to immediate human health benefits. The study supports the Paris Climate Agreement targets and suggests a target of 2 degrees Celsius is defensible if health benefits are included.
Researchers have detailed the role of T-bet, a key transcription factor, in transforming B cells into antibody-secreting cells. The study found that T-bet acts through a distinct mechanism, repressing inflammatory genes in B cells to facilitate their differentiation.
University of Minnesota researchers have identified a novel circuit in the cell membrane that signals changes to bacterial surface adhesive proteins. This intramembrane signaling system appears to provide a 'fail-safe' mechanism to edit surface proteins and enable bacteria to adhere and colonize different body surfaces.
Researchers at Nemours Children's Health System have found the military's Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) to be effective in controlling blood flow in children's arms and legs, with a success rate of 100% for upper extremities and 93% for lower extremities.
A new study reveals that microbes play a crucial role in sequestering carbon from subduction zones, influencing climate change. The research found that about 94% of subducted carbon is deposited as calcium carbonate and microbial biomass in the forearc subsurface.
Researchers found that arsenic exposure was associated with thickening of the heart's main pumping chamber and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals with high blood pressure. The study suggests that reducing arsenic exposure may be able to reverse some changes in heart structure.
A multidisciplinary team from Columbia Engineering and Vanderbilt University has demonstrated regeneration of severely damaged lungs in a clinically relevant model. The researchers developed a cross-circulation platform that maintained lung viability and function, enabling the recovery of lungs unsuitable for transplant due to injury.
Researchers found that teen girls are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts compared to boys, regardless of whether they are bullied or not. The study also revealed that relational bullying among females is often hidden from view.
Scientists discovered differences in Müller cell shape and biology between the retina's macula and peripheral regions, shedding light on the eye's defense mechanism against disease. The study found that macula Müller cells produce more serine, a protective amino acid, but are more susceptible to stress when this production is blocked.
Researchers found that tumors with a higher degree of microsatellite instability (MSI) are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. MSI-high tumors have a higher amount of indel mutations, which can generate neoantigens recognized by the immune system.
A recent study published in Nature confirms that Denisovans lived on the Tibetan Plateau during the Middle Pleistocene era. The discovery of a 160,000-year-old human mandible found in Xiahe, China, provides evidence of an early human presence on the plateau, predating modern humans.
A pilot study found that Montmorency tart cherry juice reduced systolic blood pressure and lowered insulin levels in adults with metabolic syndrome. The study also showed improvements in arterial stiffness after consumption of the juice.
Researchers used radiocarbon dating to track carbon release from thawing permafrost in Siberian-Arctic rivers. The study found that permafrost and peat carbon contributed significantly to dissolved organic carbon in the rivers, with seasonal differences suggesting gradual thaw of surface permafrost as the main source.
The World Economic Forum has announced a new Space Sustainability Rating system to address growing space traffic and debris in Earth's orbit. The rating will assess satellite operators' environmental impact, with the goal of reducing congestion and promoting sustainability.
Researchers developed an online multi-player game called SIGNAL to explore deterrence and decision-making in escalating conflicts. The game allows for large-N data analysis, collecting insights from thousands of games, which can inform policies, strategies, and tactics.
A new study found that a serotonin shortage in the gut can cause constipation, similar to depression, and that treatment increasing serotonin levels may alleviate both conditions. The research suggests that slow-release 5-HTP therapies could treat related brain-gut disorders.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center developed a cross-circulation technique to rehabilitate damaged lungs, extending the assessment time from six hours to 36 hours. The regenerated lungs meet transplantation criteria, potentially increasing organ availability.
Researchers have established a conclusive link between magnetic skyrmions and the topological Hall effect, enabling the study of their properties. The discovery paves the way for innovative magnetic storage devices.
A study by Simon Joly and Elizabeth Wolkovich found that a plant's genetics can be used to accurately predict when its leaves will burst bud in spring. The research showed that genetic differences between individual specimens within a species affect how well they adapt to climate change.
A study found that BI-RADS 3 lesions in baseline vs non-baseline high-risk screening MRI exams have different cancer yields, with lower rates in baseline exams. Most cancers diagnosed on follow-up are early stage and detected at or before the 6-month mark.
A new study among US adolescents found lesbian, gay, and bisexual teens more likely to engage in polysubstance use compared to their heterosexual peers. The researchers identified distinct patterns of substance use that varied by sexual orientation, sex, race/ethnicity, and age.
Researchers found an ocean heat-transporting mechanism controlling the monsoon's intensity. The mechanism strengthens the monsoon when winds drive south-flowing waters that cool the ocean.
The researchers developed a method for identifying the location of point-like scatterers based on fluctuations in physical properties, such as Lame parameters and mass density. This technique can improve tomography efficiency for seismic and electromagnetic exploration in geophysics and nondestructive testing of materials.
A KAIST research team visualized pulmonary microcirculation in vivo using a custom-built 3D intravital microscope imaging system. They found that neutrophils aggregate inside capillaries during sepsis-induced acute lung injury, leading to tissue hypoxia and damage.
Researchers have created devices that manipulate sound in the same way as light, creating opportunities for entertainment and public communication. They've demonstrated a dynamic metamaterial device with a zoom objective and built a collimator to transmit sound as a directional beam.
Researchers investigate Haumea's ring, suggesting a degree of eccentricity is required for resonance to act on particles. They identify stable, circular orbits compatible with the ring, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers perceive positive effects on careers, visibility, and impact after communication campaigns, improving professional prestige and funding opportunities. Most benefits include increased citations, talk requests, and industrial collaboration.
Researchers at Swansea University's Medical School have found that immune cells can re-programme their metabolic pathways to provide energy and building blocks when challenged. This discovery suggests that manipulating metabolism could lead to new therapies for infectious diseases and cancer.
Historical records show that lions are injured by porcupine quills when they attempt to hunt them. Young male lions are more likely to be injured or killed, and their injuries can impair their hunting abilities and even lead to man-eating.
Researchers discovered that self-fertilization helps two Asiatic dayflower species coexist in the wild, countering reproductive interference caused by shared pollinators. Both species can produce enough seeds to survive through self-pollination, even when one is heavily impacted by the other's flowers.
A study led by Vanderbilt University Medical Center's Sheila Ridner found bioimpedance spectroscopy to be more accurate than a tape measure in identifying women at risk of developing lymphedema. The technology reduced rates of progression by approximately 10%, a clinically meaningful improvement.
A Michigan State University study reveals the significant economic impact of the craft beer value chain on the state's economy. The industry generates nearly $1 billion in aggregate economic contributions, making it a substantial driver in Michigan.
Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a 3D mini-gut model that reflects the autoimmune response to gluten in celiac patients. The study identified novel genes associated with epithelial functions related to celiac disease, including gut barrier maintenance and stem cell regeneration.
The Gutenberg Research College at Mainz University awarded the 2019 Gutenberg Research Award to Professor Corine Defrance for her research on Germany-France relations. The award also recognizes five new fellows across various disciplines, including geophysics, fine arts, and molecular neurodevelopmental biology.
A retrospective database review of 28 MRI examinations with new suspicious findings found that nearly all were benign, with only a small percentage being proven malignant.
The AGA Research Foundation Awards Program has selected 52 promising researchers to receive funding, including 88% who are early-career investigators. The awardees will support clinical research and studies in gastroenterology and hepatology, with a focus on improving patient care and outcomes.
The Australian Centre for Innovative Manufacturing (ACIM) at Flinders University aims to create jobs and promote growth in strategic industries. The facility will explore the application of advanced technologies like automation, robotics, and digital assembly.
A large study found that fewer than half of men and women in Britain aged 16-44 have sex at least once a week. Declines in sexual activity were evident across all age groups for women, and for most age groups for men, with the largest declines among those aged 25 and over and those who are married or living together.
The ORC Layout software uses flexible principles to suggest intuitive layouts for various screen sizes and orientations, reducing time-consuming and error-prone manual design. By combining traditional constraint-based layout and flow layout methods, the software automates UI design, making it simpler and more efficient.
New research finds that working in a Colorado nail salon increases the risk of cancer due to exposure to carcinogenic compounds. Workers reported symptoms such as headaches, respiratory difficulties, and skin irritation, with lifetime cancer risk up to 100 times higher than baseline EPA-issued levels.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Epidemiology found a strong link between maternal nut intake during pregnancy and improved cognitive function in children. The research, conducted in Spain, analyzed data from over 2,200 mother-child pairs and discovered that those who consumed more nuts during the first trimester sco...
A new study finds that immediate, dramatic cuts in carbon emissions can be economically sound if human health benefits are factored in. The research estimates that the health benefits alone could reach trillions of dollars annually, depending on air quality policies adopted by nations.
Newborns with Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 have a higher risk of infections, breathing problems, brain injury, low blood sugar levels, and death compared to those with a perfect score of 10. A small change in score from 10 to 9 at five or ten minutes after birth also increases the risk.
A new study suggests that Facebook algorithms can lead to different results from the same advertising spend, creating new inequalities in online campaigning. Researchers argue that existing regulations need to be updated to capture the true extent of political spending on social media platforms.
Researchers have generated two antibodies that potentially could be used in a simple filter paper test to detect Ebola virus. The study, published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, marks a breakthrough in diagnosing Ebola and Marburg viruses, which can cause severe bleeding and organ failure with high fatality rates.
Researchers discovered that fibrinogen, a blood-clotting protein, plays a role in multiple sclerosis relapses. In a mouse model, injecting EVs containing fibrinogen activated CD8+ immune cells, leading to relapsing-remitting disease.
A randomized controlled trial involving 288 people with obesity found that a mobile phone-based intervention had no significant effect on participants' weight over a 12-month period. The study suggests that the intervention may not be cost-effective in its current form.
Astronomers detect unusual chemical signature in ASASSN-18tb supernova, potentially resolving longstanding mystery surrounding their origins. The discovery offers new insights into the mechanism and players involved in creating Type Ia supernovae.
A recent study led by IGB demonstrates complex learning behaviour in Atlantic sturgeons. The fish trained to search for food in a sandy environment showed improved feeding behavior and increased formation of the transcription factor neurod1 in their brains.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a smart suitcase that warns blind users of impending collisions and a wayfinding smartphone app provides turn-by-turn audio instructions. The apps were tested at Pittsburgh International Airport with promising results, improving independence for travelers with visual disabilities.
A team of researchers at the University of Münster discovered a mechanism that triggers subsequent lamellipodial cycles in cells, allowing them to maintain direction over time. This discovery sheds light on how cells navigate their environment without external signals.
The AGILE particle telescope will analyze charged particles in the heliosphere, shedding light on physical processes in space. The technology could help clinicians accurately measure radiation absorbed by cancer patients during therapy.
Seeds with extra genomes undergo interploidy seed abortion due to defective endosperm development. Researchers found that RNA Pol IV silences gene expression from transposons and repetitive DNA, playing a key role in seed abortion.
A new species of fish parasite, Elthusa xena, has been discovered in South Africa, adding to the genus' diversity. The female parasites were named after Xena due to their tough appearance and egg-carrying abilities.
Researchers found that a high-sugar diet in fruit flies changes the way they taste sweets, leading to overeating and obesity. The study suggests that reducing sugar intake may help regulate food intake and curb obesity-related chronic diseases.
A team of biophysicists has discovered the correct structure of the KR2 rhodopsin protein under physiological conditions, which is crucial for understanding its mechanism and potential applications in optogenetics. The study reveals that the protein forms a stable pentamer when functioning correctly.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified a new stealthy, jumping gene called mcr-9, which resists the world's last-resort antibiotic colistin, threatening global health. The discovery enables early detection and isolation of resistant bacteria in hospitals and food products.
Researchers find that human iPSCs can efficiently produce highly purified extracellular vesicles for treating aging-related diseases. These vesicles contain proteins and other treatments that can help repair damaged cells, and may one day be used to treat progeria and ALS.
A joint China-UK-Russia research team found that oxygen levels played a fundamental role in the Cambrian Explosion of animals. The study analyzed ancient seawater chemistry and determined that evolutionary radiations followed a 'boom and bust' pattern in tandem with oxygen levels.
Researchers found that visual stimulation can prevent neuron degeneration and enhance synaptic function in Alzheimer's disease models. The treatment also improved spatial memory performance in older mice without a predisposition for the disease.
Scientists at PSI investigate a novel material exhibiting electronic properties never seen before, including Rarita-Schwinger fermions and quadruple topological Fermi arcs. The crystal is a chiral topological semimetal with exotic physical phenomena, such as phase transitions at its surface.
Researchers found that electroconvulsive therapy corrects brain networks associated with learning and thinking impairments in individuals with depression. ECT reconfigures brain networks that promote flexibility in how people remember events, helping them cope better with daily challenges.
A phase I/II clinical trial of an enzyme-based treatment found reduced signs of disease and discomfort in participants with severe dry eye disease. The treatment, DNase, was shown to be safe and effective in improving corneal health and reducing symptoms.
A study found that Coca-Cola's contracts allow the company to 'quash' health research findings at public universities. The researchers argue that this suppresses critical health information and contravenes the company's commitment to transparent support for science.
A new study recommends four cost-effective methods to reduce arsenic contamination in Bangladesh, including testing and drilling medium-depth wells. The strategies could help more people at a lower cost, with the goal of improving public health and lives.
A new vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing African Swine Fever in wild boar, with 92% protection rate. The vaccine can also pass on immunity via contact with infected animals, offering a potential solution to the spread of this deadly disease.
A new AI-based method predicts an individual woman's likelihood of being diagnosed with breast cancer using deep learning and full-resolution mammograms. The model outperforms traditional methods in risk discrimination across different races, ages, and family histories.
A CABI-led project has helped China reduce its reliance on harmful pesticides by developing cutting-edge data and models to predict crop pest spread and severity. The £1.6m STFC Newton Agri-Tech Fund-financed project has left a lasting legacy in promoting sustainable controls and biopesticide use.
Scientists at Kobe University created a metabolic pathway and engineered enzymes in microbes to optimize pharmaceutical raw material production. They used a 'Design, Build, Test, Learn' workflow to systematically optimize production processes, resulting in improved alkaloid yields.
The world is not on track to achieve global targets to reduce harmful alcohol use, according to a study of 189 countries' alcohol intake. The total volume of alcohol consumed globally per year has increased by 70%, with low- and middle-income countries driving the increase.
A new study suggests that developed countries can gain economically from their counterterrorism efforts, whereas developing countries face economic losses due to these threats. The study investigates the interplay between trade and terrorism under free trade between a developed nation and a developing nation.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a fully automated tool to assess α-synuclein aggregation in cerebrospinal fluid using ultrasonication. The HANABI device can accurately detect patients with Parkinson's disease and has potential for early diagnosis and treatment assessment.
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed a new approach to induce pluripotent stem cell generation, increasing efficiency from 5% to 40% and shortening the process. This breakthrough could lead to significant advancements in regenerative therapies and precision medicine.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University use genome editing to create a human stem cell model of congenital hepatic fibrosis, uncovering molecular players that contribute to the illness. They identify IL-8 and CTGF as key genes involved in the disease's progression.
Researchers at Drexel University found that adults with mental health needs are more likely to receive care and have lower out-of-pocket costs when covered by Medicare or employer-sponsored health insurance compared to ACA Marketplace plans.
A study comparing percutaneous liver ablation interventions (IRs) to surgical procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) found IRs had significantly lower inhospital mortality rates and hospitalization costs. IRs were also associated with shorter lengths of stay and a higher routine discharge rate to home.
A study found that children who developed de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) after kidney transplant had thicker carotid intima-media layers than those without these antibodies. Being African American was also associated with increased CIMT in transplant recipients.
Researchers have identified a cellular mechanism that prevents retinal regeneration in mammals, but allows for regeneration in zebrafish. By manipulating this pathway, it may be possible to restore lost vision by activating the retina's regenerative capacity.
BioBits Health, a Northwestern University-led project, introduces CRISPR and antibiotic resistance to high school students. Students perform experiments using freeze-dried cell-free reactions, visualizing DNA editing and drug resistance, and exploring ethics.
A comprehensive analysis of 25 studies revealed that prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was more strongly associated with risk of adverse outcomes than gestational weight gain. The study included nearly 197,000 women and suggests that optimal pre-pregnancy weight is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.
Researchers investigated whether taking aspirin before a fecal immunochemical test could improve the ability to detect cancer precursors. The study found no statistically significant difference in detection rates between those who took aspirin and those who took a placebo.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin examines the role of geologic conditions in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. The research, published in Scientific Reports, reveals a significant drop in pore pressure near the bottom of the well, leading to a controversial cement decision that contributed to the blowout.
Researchers have discovered a significant link between insulin resistance and fibromyalgia, enabling the use of metformin medication to reduce pain levels. The study found that most patients with fibromyalgia can be identified by their A1c levels, which reflect average blood sugar levels over two to three months.
Researchers compared common bedside testing platforms to determine blood clotting speed and found the iSTAT platform offers a better balance of speed and accuracy. The Hepcon system provides consistent results with lab-based anti-Xa tests but lacks physiologically active heparin levels, making it less valuable for patient care.
Research reveals that cancer risk assessment tools are being widely underused by UK GPs, with only half of those with access using them. The study's findings highlight the need for improved training and integration of these tools into consultations to improve cancer diagnosis and survival rates.
Researchers discovered that the right hemisphere plays a crucial role in processing foreign speech sounds at the beginning of language learning. Successful learners showed increased activity in the right hemisphere during sound recognition tasks. The study's findings have the potential to improve instructional methods for adult learners.
A study examining national survey data found that approximately 10.9 million Americans have alcoholic fatty liver disease, highlighting the need for awareness and prevention efforts. The study's findings also suggest a significant association between heavy drinking and the development of this condition.
A new study from Drexel University shows that a computer game can be used to train individuals to eat less sugar, leading to weight loss and improved health. The 'Diet DASH' game targets the part of the brain that inhibits impulses with the goal of reducing sweet food consumption.
Soil microbiome plays crucial role in woodland health, influencing pathogens that affect holm oak and improving trees' resilience. The study found that beneficial microorganisms like Trichoderma can help prevent oomycete pathogens, while mycorrhizae abundance leads to reduced defoliation.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that patients treated by Medicare providers committing fraud and abuse are more likely to be minorities, disabled, and dually-enrolled in Medicaid. The study analyzed data from 2012-2015 and identified over 1 million beneficiaries treated by excluded providers.