Rice University scientists have developed a novel 'green' method for producing pharmaceutical intermediates using the cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (cHAT) technique. This approach employs earth-abundant iron and sulfur as catalysts, reducing costs and environmental impact compared to traditional methods.
A new study examines local attitudes towards Chagas disease and its transmission, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive campaigns. The findings suggest that social and cultural factors play a significant role in shaping public perception, particularly regarding preventive measures and treatment options.
The grant supports technical assistance for improving resiliency in areas such as eCommerce and Cyber Security. Funding will end in December 2020, providing a year-long period of support for Small Businesses in Prince William County.
Scientists have simulated how soil moisture affects peat fires, finding that drying soils sustain faster and larger smouldering fires. The research aims to help manage vegetation clearing in peatlands safely.
A clinical trial is underway to test the safety and feasibility of intrapleural liposomal curcumins as an alternative to chemotherapy for malignant mesothelioma. The researchers aim to reduce toxic side-effects and facilitate early diagnosis with a special lung fluid test.
Researchers found that plankton species shifted from relying on sunlight to capturing food and eating it after the asteroid impact, allowing them to survive. This adaptation suggests that the lack of light played a crucial role in killing off some species, but others adapted to thrive.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna's Institute of Pharmacology have isolated a beetroot peptide that inhibits prolyl oligopeptidase, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of protein hormones in the body. The study suggests that this peptide could be a promising drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida found that students are more likely to accept an AI teaching assistant if it is effective and easy to communicate with. The study suggests that designing AI teachers to facilitate positive learning experiences requires understanding how students relate to these systems.
The number of workers with disabilities on furlough has dropped to one out of four, while three out of four are now actively looking for work. The trend is worse than for those without disabilities, who have seen a decline in unemployment since the peak in May 2020.
Researchers found that compression garments reduce immediate and delayed strength loss after strenuous exercise, allowing athletes to resume high-intensity training sooner. The study suggests wearing a below-knee compression garment during regular workouts provides mechanical support and tissue compression, reducing the risk of musculo...
A national multi-institutional study found that cancer patients and their medical teams benefited from sharing symptoms in real time using web- or telephone-based reporting systems. The system improved patient satisfaction, quality of life, physical function, reduced emergency room visits, and lengthened survival.
Northwestern University researchers create a spectrum of natural-looking hair colors by catalyzing synthetic melanin with enzymes. The new process avoids toxins and allergens found in traditional dyes, providing a sustainable alternative for hairstylists and consumers alike.
Researchers found that nursing faculty attitudes towards caring for people living with HIV/AIDS vary across countries, with Peru and Colombia showing more positive stigmas. The study highlights the need for stigma-reduction interventions to advance knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff in this area.
Researchers found a significant association between sleep disorders and symptoms of burnout among faculty and staff. The study suggests that addressing sleep issues may be crucial to mitigating physician burnout.
Researchers found that socks coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced bromodosis and pitted keratolysis, two common conditions causing smelly feet. The study demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO-NPs, making it a promising compound for textile applications.
Research found that warmer lakes support higher biomass of algal and cyprinid fish communities, while clear-water lakes have decreased quality of primary producers. Despite changes in prey item quality, fish biomass increased in murky lakes due to a shift towards roach-dominated communities.
A University of Gothenburg study reveals that survivors of the 1988 Halabja poison-gas attack struggle with uncertainty about survival, forming couple relationships, and having children due to CWAs exposure
Researchers have identified a potential treatment for COVID-19 using the approved protease inhibitor aprotinin, which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The study found that aprotinin aerosols may be effective in preventing severe COVID-19 disease when applied early after diagnosis.
Researchers have developed a new treatment that induces an integrated immune response in tumors of patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancers, which are resistant to immunotherapy. The treatment, plerixafor, works by interrupting an immunosuppressive pathway, allowing critical immune cells to infiltrate the tumors.
George Mason University professors Niyati Dhokai, Jatin Ambegaonkar, Gay Hanna, Kyla Christensen-Szalanski, and Gwen Baraniecki-Zwil will create an interface to connect the military, arts organizations, healthcare services, and communities. The project aims to improve support for veterans through creative forces.
A new study has identified two types of bacteria that can provide protection against radiation exposure by increasing production of propionate and tryptophan. These metabolites were found in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, suggesting a potential alternative to expensive and potentially harmful treatments.
Researchers have developed a new approach to generate T-cells faster, using polarized Th17 cells that can effectively eradicate tumors in just four days. This breakthrough has immediate clinical implications, offering a potentially long-lived and effective therapy for patients with advanced solid tumors.
A team of researchers used specially-adapted drones to collect gas samples from Manam volcano in Papua New Guinea, enabling local communities to better predict future eruptions. The project also improved scientists' understanding of the Earth's carbon cycle and its contribution to sustaining life on Earth.
Researchers from the University of Michigan found that the vast majority of field massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud are 'runaways,' or stars ejected from clusters. They discovered that these stars could have formed in isolation or were dynamically ejected due to unstable orbital configurations.
Researchers created an artificial skin equivalent that reproduces traction-force balance in the lateral direction, a property controlling skin structure and function. This human-skin equivalent enhances physiological skin function analysis, disease research, and reduces animal testing.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute have developed a synthetic DNA vaccine against Powassan virus, which causes a deadly tick-borne disease with neurological consequences. The vaccine elicits broad immune responses in mice and provides protection in a challenge animal model.
A green method for synthesizing dapsone has been developed by RUDN University, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional production methods. The new reaction uses hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, producing only water as a by-product and allowing for high temperatures and catalyst reuse.
A new method allows researchers to extract lead from point-of-use filters, providing a clearer picture of lead levels in tap water. The process takes less than an hour and can be repeated multiple times to provide accurate data on household water use.
Researchers studied impact marks on asteroid Bennu to reconstruct its history, revealing it formed hundreds of millions of years ago but wandered into Earth's neighborhood recently. The study provides a new benchmark for understanding asteroids and offers insights into hazardous space debris.
Kevin Moran and collaborators study automated bug report quality and chatbot design for effective bug-reporting. The project aims to improve computer systems' reliability through better bug-reporting processes.
A follow-up study of infants found that those with asymptomatic subdural hemorrhages as newborns had normal neurodevelopmental scores and gray matter volumes at age two. The research suggests that small brain bleeds may not have a significant impact on cognitive development.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed new palladium catalysts for polymerization, enabling the efficient synthesis of isotactic polar polypropylene (iPPP) with high isotacticity. The discovery opens up new possibilities for creating specialty plastics with improved wettability or enhanced degradability.
New research shows that washing hands and washing Halloween candy with a simple at-home method can significantly reduce COVID-19 contamination risks. A study found that SARS-CoV-2 was detected on 60% of unwashed candies, but only 10% after handwashing.
A study projects that returning students likely started school this fall with significant academic losses due to extended school closures. The top third of students may have made gains in reading, but educators and policymakers must address the academic struggles of many students who fell behind academically.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that positive student-teacher relationships have a significant link to improved physical and mental health in adulthood. However, the researchers did not find the same correlation between peer relationships and adult health.
Researchers have discovered how octopuses can taste objects by touch using their suckers, which include discrete populations of sensory cells. The study found that distinct chemotactile receptors form ion channel complexes that detect specific signals and send them to the nervous system.
The study confirms the accuracy of ODPL measurements and reveals the possibility of measuring optical absorption in crystals using this method. Researchers found that the origin of the two-peak structure in ODPL spectra is due to the Urbach-Martienssen absorption tail observed in many semiconductor crystals.
Researchers at Penn State have developed graphene-based memory resistors that mimic the brain's neural networks and offer high precision neuromorphic computing. The new technology can control up to 16 possible memory states, compared to two in most existing memristors.
Children with multiple islet autoantibodies are more likely to progress to symptomatic type 1 diabetes than those who remain positive for a single autoantibody. Detailed information about the order, timing and type of autoantibodies appearing after the first autoantibody can significantly improve prediction of which children are most l...
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology developed a 'nanobiologic' immunotherapy that trains the innate immune system to eliminate tumorous cells. The approach has shown promising results in mouse melanoma models and non-human primates, offering a new anti-cancer therapy.
Researchers discovered that the gut's local immune system creates antibodies tailored to specific microbiota, challenging the long-held assumption of a non-specific approach. This finding has significant implications for understanding the relationship between the immune system and the composition of our microbiomes.
A novel approach to measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 has been developed, revealing a discrepancy between reported virus-positive cases and actual antibody prevalence. The study found that over 47% of antibody-positive children were asymptomatic, with significant geographic differences in antibody frequency across Bavaria.
Scientists develop a new type of cancer immunotherapy that uses nanobiologics to train the innate immune system to eliminate tumor cells. The therapy targets the bone marrow and activates trained immunity, reprogramming bone marrow progenitor cells to produce immune cells that halt cancer growth.
A yearlong study is being conducted to find the percentage of frontline workers positive for COVID-19, the duration of immunity, and whether antibodies produced protect against reinfection. The study aims to identify the most potent antibodies and develop effective vaccines using monoclonal antibodies.
Newly sequenced ancient dog genomes show a long shared history with humans, with dogs diverging from wolves around 11,000 years ago. The study reveals multiple dog lineages worldwide by this time, and genetic links to human migration patterns.
A new study suggests that aspirin use is most beneficial for individuals with high coronary calcium scores and a low risk of bleeding. The research found that for patients with CAC scores above 100, aspirin's benefits outweigh its risks, but this effect only applies to those with inherent low bleeding risks.
A new Northwestern University-led study reveals that disdain for the opposing political party now outweighs affection for one's own party, describing a phenomenon called 'political sectarianism'. The researchers identify three key ingredients of this trend: seeing the other side as different, dislikeable, and immoral.
A new study shows that the genetic basis for Chinook salmon migration timing is determined by a single stretch of DNA, making seasonal runs the same fish. The researchers found that the different runs are part of a single diverse population within a drainage basin.
A recent study has identified genetic variants associated with reproductive success, which may provide insights into the biology of fertility and infertility. The research found that diverse biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success, implicating both neuroendocrine and behavioral influences.
Combination therapy of verinurad and febuxostat significantly lowers urinary albumin excretion and uric acid levels in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. The treatment is generally well-tolerated, with minimal adverse events reported.
A study mapping toxins produced by tube-dwelling anemones identified 525 genes encoding proteins that act on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and cell walls. Preliminary results showed a toxin effective against breast cancer cells, highlighting potential for novel medications.
A new election forecasting approach uses a mathematical modeling technique to describe how voters in different states may influence each other during an election year. The model forecasts a victory for Biden 89.03% of the time, with a margin of victory lower than the percentage of undecided voters.
Researchers found that sensor data from fitness trackers can identify COVID-19 cases with greater accuracy than symptoms alone. The DETECT study uses mobile app data to analyze changes in heart rate, sleep, and activity levels to detect viral illnesses.
A survey of 1038 healthcare professionals reveals that 69% believe patients' access to standard care treatment has been compromised during the pandemic. The study also found that 42% felt at risk of poor wellbeing and 34% showed signs of burnout, but most staff reported being able to work well despite challenges.
A new study from University of East Anglia found that people with dementia are at higher risk of going missing in areas with dense and disordered road networks. The research identified environmental risk factors that contribute to the issue, including complex intersections and disorganized layout.
A new tissue screening assay for human cerebral organoids identified 25 additional candidate genes for microcephaly, nearly doubling the number of currently known genes linked to the rare neurological condition. The CRISPR-LICHT technology revealed these genes associated with both known and previously unknown microcephaly-driving pathw...
Recent research highlights the significant effects of COVID-19 on people with obesity, including immune system impact and outcomes in critically ill patients. Top abstracts from ObesityWeek Interactive showcase the influence of pandemic lockdowns on lifestyle behaviors and eating habits.
The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) will build a High Magnetic Field (HMF) beamline with a $32.6M NSF grant, enabling precision X-ray studies of materials in persistent magnetic fields. The partnership with National MagLab and UPR will create a powerful facility for scientific discovery.
A team of scientists, led by Matt Clement, used simulations to study the formation of Jupiter and Saturn. The findings suggest that these two planets were originally closer together than previously thought, with a ratio of two Jupiter orbits to one Saturnian orbit being more consistent with the current configuration.
A first-of-its-kind study found that the US wood pellet industry has a net positive effect on southeastern US forests, with overall carbon storage increased and standing-dead trees decreasing. However, the researchers caution that future expansion and increasing demand may pose concerns if not monitored closely.