A new photocatalysis-membrane coupling system removes membrane fouling by generating reactive oxygen species on a separate unit, reducing the need for H2O2 transportation. This approach improves photocatalyst engineering and offers sustainable foulant control in large-scale applications.
The KEYNOTE-826 study found that adding immunotherapy to standard first-line treatment increases overall survival by eight months for patients with recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer. The addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy also reduced the risk of death and disease progression by 33%.
The KEYNOTE-716 trial shows that adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly prolongs recurrence-free survival and halves distant recurrences in stage II B/C melanoma patients. This suggests that patients with high-risk stage II melanoma should be offered adjuvant therapy.
A new trial run by UCL researchers shows promise in slowing the regrowth of tumors among some bowel cancer patients. The drug adavosertib was found to delay tumour growth by about two months on average and had relatively few side effects, particularly in left-sided/rectal tumours.
Researchers developed a method to precisely control food attributes using lasers, resulting in up to 50% less shrinkage, double the moisture content, and similar flavor development compared to conventional cooking methods. The technology has the potential to revolutionize meal creation with customizable options.
Researchers found large numbers of B cells and their immature progenitors in the outer layer of the meninges, a surprising discovery that suggests these cells play a special immune system function there. The study used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the genes active in each individual cell and confirmed the finding in human tissue.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have identified vaccinated groups at greatest risk of severe COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation or death. The study used national linked datasets to analyze over 6.9 million vaccinated adults, finding elevated risks to specific age, sex, and ethnic group groups.
Scientists at Hokkaido University have developed a lipid nanoparticle that delivers immune-signaling molecules into liver macrophage cells to overcome resistance to anti-tumor immunotherapy. This approach has shown promise in mice experiments and could lead to the development of an adjuvant treatment for cancer patients.
A $4 million NSF grant will fund research to develop sustainable ways to turn non-food biological resources into plastic products. The team will also find better ways to deconstruct used plastic into building blocks for new plastics, addressing climate change and pollution issues.
A multidisciplinary team discovers a new mechanism by which fission yeast cells acquire their tubular shape through secretion-induced plasma membrane flows. This process involves the coupling of exocytosis and protein motion, creating a self-sustaining pattern that establishes cell polarity.
Increasing concerns about HPV vaccine safety among parents are linked to misinformation and a lack of understanding of the vaccine's benefits. Despite overwhelming scientific evidence supporting its safety, survey results indicate a growing number of parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children.
Researchers discovered five handprints and five footprints in travertine from a hot spring on the Tibetan Plateau, dated to between ~169,000 and 226,000 years ago. The prints appear to have been deliberately placed by two children, one aged 7 and the other 12, making them the oldest known example of parietal art.
A new water purification method has been developed using radicalized NOX derivatives supported on metal oxides. The resulting NO3- species can be radicalized to generate NO3• analogues that serve as degraders of refractory organic substances, such as phenolics and bisphenol A.
Researchers at the University of Illinois found that antibodies from people infected with the original COVID-19 strain do not effectively bind to newer variants. This has implications for vaccine efficacy and the design of possible boosters.
Researchers at the University of Bonn used artificial intelligence to analyze flow cytometry data from patients with B-cell lymphoma, increasing speed and objectivity in diagnoses. The AI can now be easily accessible to smaller laboratories without bioinformatics expertise, enhancing the quality of diagnostics.
Researchers at Osaka University used machine learning to analyze locomotion data from diverse species, revealing common features associated with dopamine deficiency. The study found that worms, mice, and humans exhibit similar movement disorders when lacking dopamine, despite their evolutionary differences.
Parasitic bacteria manipulate plant development by hijacking molecular machinery, causing abnormal growth and reprogramming the plant's lifecycle. Researchers identified a key protein that facilitates this process, opening doors to genetic editing technologies for durable resistance against phytoplasmas.
Researchers at Duke University developed an antibiotic coating that can be applied to orthopedic implants before surgery, eliminating the risk of infection. The coating, made from two polymers and an antibiotic, prevents bacterial colonization and can be personalized for individual patients.
A new treatment approach investigated by researchers at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research may help stop breast cancer cells from spreading. By targeting a signalling molecule called Rac1, the study found that breast cancer cells became more vulnerable to physical stresses in the bloodstream and less likely to survive the journey.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 observational studies found that radiation-induced cancer risks from radioactive iodine therapy are small. Higher dose levels may detectable in observational studies, but overall risk remains low.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has made global eradication unlikely. The current COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against severe disease but may not provide good mucosal immunity, making repeated doses and booster shots necessary.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a way to quantify electron-electron interactions more precisely than ever, expanding upon existing physics theories. This breakthrough could lead to improvements in electronic devices and quantum computers, as well as a deeper understanding of fundamental physics theories.
Scientists at Aarhus University are working on a nano-sized brain-inspired computer that can harvest its own energy, making it the smallest and most efficient AI system yet. The project aims to reduce power consumption by 12 orders of magnitude compared to modern supercomputers.
Researchers from USTC successfully measured two laser sources of different wavelengths using a chromatic intensity interferometer, surpassing the diffraction limit by about 40 times. This breakthrough expands applications to diverse fields like astronomy and space remote sensing.
The study found that coral reefs' capacity to provide essential benefits and services, including food and livelihoods, has declined significantly. The decline in coral reef coverage and biodiversity is attributed to climate change, overfishing, pollution, and more.
Researchers designed novel molecules that bound tightly to SARS-CoV-2's molecular scissors, inhibiting the virus's replication. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for COVID-19.
Scientists discovered that deleting specific proteins in immune cells affected certain populations, leading to their disappearance from skin and lungs. This suggests that drugs targeting these components could have unintended consequences for the immune system.
A Stanford study found that allergic reactions to the new mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are rare, typically mild, and treatable. The researchers analyzed 22 potential allergic reactions among healthcare workers who received over 39,000 doses of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines.
Research by TU Wien found that small droplets with coronaviruses can remain airborne for an order of magnitude longer than assumed due to high humidity. This means that even short-range exposure poses a significant risk, highlighting the need for scientifically sound guidelines on mask-wearing and safety distances.
A new algorithm uses amyloid PET scans to gauge brain levels of Alzheimer's protein and estimate when symptoms will arise. By analyzing age and single scan data, the algorithm yields an estimate of how far a person has progressed toward dementia.
Researchers have discovered a new method to produce clean hydrogen by adding nickel and cobalt to inexpensive catalysts, reducing energy requirements and increasing hydrogen yield. This breakthrough could pave the way for large-scale clean energy production and make Australia a leader in renewable energy research.
A two-hour glucose tolerance test is linked to cognitive decline in a 10-year follow-up study. Higher blood glucose levels measured in the test were associated with weaker performance in a memory test and a greater decline in results.
The Sustainable Agriculture Matrix provides a comprehensive assessment of agricultural sustainability at a national level, considering environmental, economic, and social impacts. The framework helps governments and organizations evaluate progress, identify priorities for improvement, and inform policies towards sustainable agriculture.
A study at ESMO Congress 2021 highlights the need for improved cancer follow-up care to address burdensome symptoms like fatigue. Patients often receive inadequate support, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.
A research expedition discovered that higher waves in the Arctic Sea facilitate ice cloud formation through the dispersal of organic particles into the atmosphere. This finding is crucial for predicting climate change effects on the region.
A recent study found that amniotic fluid-derived, neonatal, and adult cells can be used to deliver long-lasting Factor VIII protein for Hemophilia A treatment. The researchers identified cells from umbilical cord tissue as the most promising candidates, which yielded high levels of Factor VIII mRNA and blood clotting activity.
Researchers identified a new cell type in human skin contributing to AD and psoriasis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. The study revealed CD14+ type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A, essential for PSO pathogenesis.
A study by University of Texas at Dallas researcher Dr. Sheen S. Levine found that white Americans are prone to making poor decisions when they ignore their Black peers. When given the opportunity to witness Black peers' accomplishments, however, the racial attention deficit subsides, suggesting a remedy for diversity efforts.
Researchers compared 156 species' skulls to understand diet's impact on skull shape. Despite similar diets, distantly related animals retain unique ancestral shapes, with some developing unique adaptations.
A multidisciplinary team of Lehigh University researchers will conduct experiments on thermophoresis in complex fluids for bioseparations at the International Space Station. The team hopes to understand how temperature gradients affect particles and improve virus separation techniques with potential societal impact.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that the tumor suppressor gene PTEN controls rhabdomyosarcoma cell identity and that enhancing PAX7 expression can maintain tumor cell existence, providing a potential treatment target for rhabdomyosarcoma.
Researchers analyzed two years of health data to identify trends and patterns in overdose deaths during the pandemic. Men, jobless individuals, and those with mental health diagnoses experienced the largest increases in overdose death rates, with synthetic opioids and personal residence being significant factors.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center presented new findings on novel therapeutic approaches, including cell therapy for solid tumors and antibody drug conjugates targeting TROP2. The therapies achieved partial responses in six patients, with an overall response rate of 35.3% and disease control rate of 70.6%.
Research reveals that lupus patients with higher white matter free water have more severe cognitive dysfunction, related to increased cumulative dosage of medical steroids. The study suggests that reducing steroid dosage may alleviate cognitive decline in SLE patients.
New study finds that modern Japanese populations have a tripartite genetic origin, with contributions from Jomon hunter-gatherers, Yayoi farmers, and Kofun peoples. The analysis reveals a complex history of population dynamics, including assimilation rather than replacement during the agricultural transition.
Russian STEM specialists do not receive higher wages than their non-STEM counterparts, regardless of education level or job type. The study examines the supply and demand of STEM professionals in Russia, finding that the gap between skilled workers does not exist.
A new study proposes prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for essential workers, the unemployed, and those at high unemployment risk to facilitate return to work and reduce future job losses. The study found that lockdowns reduced excess mortality but also increased unemployment risk.
A new study found that coral reefs have lost half their ability to provide food, jobs, and climate protection since the 1950s, with significant declines in reef coverage and biodiversity. This loss threatens the well-being and sustainable development of human communities on coastal areas.
Researchers analyzed 16,000 literary works and found a hump-shaped trend in the frequency of biological terms until the mid-19th century, then decreasing steadily. The study suggests that increased awareness of biodiversity loss is closely linked to industrialization and urbanization.
Scientists at TUM and LSB developed a new methodology to quantify the flavor profile of cocoa samples. The method provides quantitative data on 66 taste-decisive substances using a single mass spectrometric platform, allowing analysis of 200 samples per week.
A new sex education program, Respecting the Circle of Life, has been shown to improve pregnancy prevention skills among Native American teens. The program, delivered through a summer basketball camp, significantly increased condom use self-efficacy, intention, and negotiation skills.
Scientists have developed a technique to enhance digital sensor capabilities beyond current limits, enabling applications in consumer photography, medical imaging, and space exploration. The new approach uses 'modulo' sampling to process a wider range of information, unlocking high dynamic range for sensors.
Research from Duke University's Samuel DuBois Cook Center for Social Equity found that Black households lost more wealth than white families during the decade-long economic recovery following the Great Recession. The study also showed that Black working-class families remained in the worst overall economic position, entering the COVID-...
A review of bats' responses to SARS-CoV-2 may provide key insights into therapies for COVID-19. Bats show minimal disease despite contracting the virus, suggesting that emulating their immune response could relieve suffering and save lives.
A new study from Yale University found that adding oleclumab or monalizumab to durvalumab improves progression-free survival for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The combination reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 56% and 35%, respectively.
A new chemical discovered by a UC Riverside team helps dormant seeds germinate, increasing crop yields and food supply. The compound, Antabactin, blocks ABA hormone receptors, allowing seeds to sprout in response to environmental stressors.
The scientific paper highlights challenges in global food systems, including climate change, production of unhealthy foods, and inadequate nutrition. The authors propose rebalancing agriculture research towards healthy crops, nutrient-rich foods, and nature-positive technologies to create a more sustainable future.
A set of guidelines published in Nature Methods provide recommendations for better reporting standards in AI methods used to classify biomedical data. The guidelines aim to ensure the quality and reproducibility of predictive methods, addressing issues such as accuracy, bias, and reproducibility.
Researchers analyzed facial asymmetry in 5000 points of 192 parents of autistic children and found they had more asymmetric faces than other adults. This study contributes to understanding the genetic causes of autism, which are known to play a major role in the condition.
The University of Oxford has founded the Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, which aims to optimize the impact of interventions using data science. The institute will bring together academics from various disciplines to develop new methods and tools for improving outcomes in healthcare and policy.