Scientists used picosecond ultrasonics to measure atomic bonds in 2D materials without damaging them. The study found that sound travels at different speeds in different phases of the same substance, opening possibilities for designing materials with tunable properties.
A significant disparity was discovered in the quality and safety of romaine lettuce purchased in low- versus high-income communities. Samples from low-income areas showed high levels of contamination with disease-causing microorganisms, while those from high-income areas were clean.
Research reveals that salespeople conduct rational benefit–cost analyses when deciding which opportunity to pursue. They also use a calibration decision-making strategy for solution selling, which can lead to serious under- or overestimation of conversion rates. The findings highlight the importance of managing salespeople's avoidance ...
Breast and colorectal cancer screening rates increased following the introduction of national quality indicators, with greater reductions in socioeconomic disparities. Cervical cancer screening rates remained unchanged due to its exclusion from initial quality indicators.
New research suggests that scaling up silvopastoral systems in Colombia's Amazon Rainforest can lead to deforestation if safeguards are not put in place. The study found that excess male cattle produced by these systems may be sold to farms in nearby areas, contributing to deforestation.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham discovered that T cells send messages from five specific genes in their immune response to drugs given to treat skin cancer. This finding suggests that an optimal level of stimulation is required for a strong immune response, and blocking certain immune brakes may re-awaken dormant T cells.
Researchers developed a theoretical model to predict the strength of millions of alloys at high temperatures. Experiments confirmed the predictions, highlighting the importance of edge dislocations in determining yield strength in complex high-entropy alloys.
A new study suggests that climate change is displacing cold-water communities of algae with warm-adapted ones, threatening to destabilize the delicate marine food web. The research found a clear boundary between these communities at moderate water temperatures, highlighting the vulnerability of polar ecosystems.
A new PSMA PET imaging technique can detect prostate cancer lesions throughout the body, enabling more precise treatment. The study shows that 64% of patients opted for alternative treatments after scanning due to detected metastasis outside the prostate.
Researchers discovered fossilized footprint tracks of straight-tusked elephants, indicating a Late Pleistocene nursery site in Huelva, Spain. The tracks suggest that young elephants, possibly up to two years old, were raised in this area, which may have provided a food source and reproductive habitat for female elephant herds.
Researchers at Université de Montréal and McGill University have discovered a new multi-enzyme complex that reprograms metabolism and overcomes cellular senescence. The enzyme complex, named HTC, can inhibit cells from aging and has potential applications in treating various cancers.
Researchers propose that giant hailstones called mushballs carry ammonia deep into the atmospheres of ice giants Uranus and Neptune, hiding it from detection. This process could explain the unexpected lack of ammonia in their atmospheres compared to other planets.
The study found that financial incentives can improve MA performance in patient rooming and vaccination processes. MAs reported higher control over vaccinations and same-day measures, suggesting these targets should be prioritized for incentive structures.
Researchers found that listening to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K448) for at least 30 seconds was associated with a significant reduction in epilepsy-associated electrical activity spikes. The study suggests that the therapeutic effects may be linked to positive emotional responses triggered by the music.
A new study refutes a long-standing explanation for low energy efficiency in lithium-ion batteries, suggesting that voltage hysteresis is caused by reversible electron transfer between oxygen and transition metal atoms. This phenomenon could be mitigated through manipulation of electron transfer barriers.
Organs-on-chips can assess drug efficacy better than traditional methods, reducing the risk of failed clinical trials. These systems enable human multi-cell-type models and personalized medicine by seeding with a patient's own cells.
The article highlights the need for financial and technological support to enable effective interprofessional teams in primary care. The authors suggest training community members to serve their communities and exploring how diversity impacts patient care outcomes. They also advocate for innovative payment models that allow primary car...
Researchers from Kaunas University of Technology and the University of Helsinki have developed a nutritious meat analogue using fermented okara, which can help alleviate digestive problems due to its probiotics. The product contains less salt and saturated fats than real meat while maintaining protein levels.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have identified a chemical pathway to produce boron nitride nanotubes, a material with properties similar to carbon nanotubes but more difficult to produce. The breakthrough could lead to large-scale industrial production of the nanomaterial for various applications.
Reproductive complexity in plants arose in two pulses, corresponding to the origin of seeds (~375 million years ago) and flowers (~125 million years ago). These pulses are characterized by significant evolutionary innovations, including the diversification of flowering plants.
A new study confirms that Rockefeller University's saliva test is as sensitive, if not more so, than FDA-authorized nasal and oral swab tests. The test has been used tens of thousands of times to identify and isolate infected individuals on campus and has the potential to improve safety in communities.
Researchers have found that the cave was occupied by Neanderthals during a longer period of time than previously thought, from 94,000 to 59,000 years ago. The study also reveals evidence of modern human activity, such as fires, in the cave.
Researchers found daily and seasonal fluctuations in chemical conditions despite long-term ocean acidification trends. Massive cycles occur every five to 10 years, causing extreme events that stress sensitive organisms.
Scientists discovered hot-band absorption (HBA) in FDA-approved Indocyanine Green, enabling advanced anti-Stokes fluorescence bioimaging. HBA-based ASF has high thermal sensitivity and allows for IR perception, making it suitable for applications such as tumor detection and blood vessel imaging.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba found that warm sea surface temperature conditions in the Indian Ocean contribute to anomalous weather events in East Asia, including record-breaking rainfall and severe flooding. The study suggests a link between warming Indian Ocean conditions and stagnation of the Meiyu-Baiu rainband.
Scientists from Trinity College Dublin have developed tiny, color-changing gas sensors using new materials and 3D printing techniques. These sensors can detect solvent vapors in air and have potential applications in wearable devices for health monitoring and low-cost environmental monitoring systems.
A textile-based implant containing cartilage derived from stem cells reduced pain and restored hip joint function to baseline levels in a study of dogs with moderate osteoarthritis. The implant successfully integrated into the hip joints, effectively resurfacing them and allowing the dogs to regain activity levels.
Researchers from NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine have discovered that glioblastoma cells depend on biotin distribution to grow and invade. This finding suggests that targeting biotin-dependent metabolic enzymes and epigenetic pathways may be a viable approach for treating glioblastoma.
Researchers at Penn State have imaged a protein facilitating RNA modification, allowing them to reconstruct the process. The study reveals how a chemical tag is added to tRNA, improving its ability to translate messenger RNA into proteins.
Researchers at GEOMAR found that seagrass meadows absorb vibrios, reducing their presence by up to 63% compared to non-vegetated areas. This discovery highlights the importance of protecting and restoring these ecosystems to maintain healthy water quality.
A recent study published in Nature Medicine reveals that countries in Africa previously thought to be at greatest risk from Covid-19 were actually the worst affected. Nations with large urban populations and strong international travel links had higher mortality rates and lower levels of restrictions.
Ground-breaking Curtin University-led research has discovered a probable 'blood-to-brain pathway' that can lead to Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that toxic protein deposits may leak into the brain from fat-carrying particles in blood, opening up potential new treatments.
The project aims to digitize three million plant specimens from US herbaria and combine with data from Asia and Europe, accelerating research on endangered species and plant biodiversity. The Harvard University Herbarium will lead the effort, connecting institutions in the US, Europe, and Asia.
A study in Cell Reports identifies a new pathway regulated by cytokine GDF15, which activates AMPK protein and regulates energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. The discovery offers potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have identified a mechanism to control R-loop regulation, which could lead to new drugs for cancer and dementia. The study found that three proteins work together in a pathway to optimize R-loop levels, with potential applications for treating various conditions.
A new fly species, Scenopinus jerei, has been officially described from Finland, belonging to the primitive and species-poor family of window flies. The species is found in boreal forest habitats and is widespread but rare in Finland, with its larvae preying on other insects.
Researchers developed an AI tool using data from hospitals across four continents to predict oxygen needs of hospital Covid patients anywhere in the world. The study achieved high-quality predictions with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of over 88%, demonstrating the transformative power of federated learning in healthcare.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that children born with congenital Zika Virus-related microcephaly have varying levels of neurodevelopmental impairment. The researchers used a routine neurological assessment to track the children's development, revealing differences in cognitive and motor skills. The findings suggest that HINE ...
A new study found that psychological interventions can have a significant effect on the treatment of subthreshold depression in adolescents. The meta-analysis showed that approximately eight adolescents need to be treated to see one more positive outcome than no treatment, with moderate effects size.
A recent study measured 60 DBPs in three types of tea and found that brewed tea contained significantly lower levels of DBPs than tap water. However, the researchers also identified 15 previously uncharacterized compounds that likely form from chlorine reactions with natural precursors in tea leaves.
The study elucidates the mechanism by which CXCL14 binds to CpG DNA and enhances innate immune responses. A complex formation between CpG DNA and CXCL14 is necessary for internalization of CpG DNA, and multiple amino acids stabilize binding.
Researchers developed Gd-doped iron oxide nanoclusters to improve MRI contrast for early-stage cancer diagnosis. The doping content increased the nanocluster's surface area, leading to stronger T2 contrast.
Researchers analyzed deuterium abundance ratios in protoplanetary disks and found significant variations within a single disk, suggesting differences in chemical composition and physical state at formation sites. The study also reveals the presence of complex organic molecules, including nitriles, in planet-forming disks.
A team of researchers led by CU Cancer Center member Jean Mulcahy Levy examined tumor samples before and after treatment with a targeted medicine. They found additional mutations that can create resistance to the therapy, highlighting the need for new treatments or combination therapies.
Researchers from Pusan National University have compiled a comprehensive review of ginsenosides, the main component of ginseng, which can prevent inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. The study provides insights into how to improve ginsenoside production through chemical and enzymatic treatments, as well as microbial action.
A study of Michigan cities under state emergency management found that the likelihood of takeover was not driven solely by financial distress, but also by factors such as race and economic status. Changes to drinking water systems were common in takeovers, often leading to poor water quality and increased bills.
A recent study published in Nature reveals that pyrogenic iron from Australian wildfires fertilized the Southern Ocean, leading to unprecedented algal blooms. This phenomenon raises concerns about the role of wildfires in spurring phytoplankton growth, which absorbs large quantities of climate-warming carbon dioxide.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge suggest that unexplained results from the XENON1T experiment could be attributed to dark energy, rather than dark matter. The study proposes a physical model to explain the findings, which may have originated from dark energy particles produced in the Sun's strong magnetic fields.
A new study found that nearly half of New York City mothers who were trying to become pregnant again before the COVID-19 pandemic began stopped in the first few months of the outbreak. Additionally, one-third of women who had been thinking about becoming pregnant but hadn't yet started trying said they were no longer considering it.
Researchers at Aalto University created unexpected droplet shapes, including squares and hexagons, by disrupting thermodynamic equilibrium with electric fields. The liquids formed into interconnected lattices and torus shapes, stable for a controlled duration.
Researchers capture detailed images of ribosome assembly using a novel gene-editing platform, providing insights into the role of 70 assembly factors and their impact on rare human diseases. The study reveals three stages of the small subunit formation process.
A recent study found that roads can extend the impact zone for western chimpanzees by an average of 17.2 km from major roads and 5.4 km from minor roads. This results in a significant decrease in population density, with the species facing mounting pressure from infrastructure expansion.
Rising temperatures are projected to decrease outdoor recreation during summers by 18% over the next 30 years, but increase winter recreation by 12% in mid-century. This shift may lead to a decline in popular winter sports like downhill skiing and an increase in winter mountain biking.
Researchers from SUTD discover a family of 2D semiconductors with Ohmic contacts, reducing electrical resistance and generating less waste heat. This breakthrough could pave the way for high-performance and energy-efficient electronics, potentially replacing silicon-based technology.
A pilot study at the University of Cincinnati found that young adults with ASD and ID can lose or maintain weight with a system of education and support in place. Participants and parents reported knowledge and behavior change, with two participants losing significant weight.
Researchers have developed a sophisticated new tool to detect and identify rare and unknown viruses and potentially deadly bacterial pathogens. The algorithm helps isolate DNA sequences shared among related organisms, enabling faster detection and identification of pathogens in clinical or wildlife settings.
A study identifies four novel subgroups of EGFR mutations that predict drug response, offering a more accurate framework to match patients with targeted therapies. The findings reveal that certain mutations respond better to specific classes of TKIs, providing new clinical opportunities for approved treatments.
Researchers synthesized a new conjugated polymer using two chemical reactions, showing it outperforms traditional methods in organic and perovskite solar cells. The Stille reaction pathway yielded superior results with efficiencies of up to 15.1% in photovoltaic devices.
Researchers found that ambient UVB radiation before COVID-19 infection was strongly associated with reduced hospitalization and death. The study suggests that vitamin D may protect against severe COVID-19 disease and death, particularly in individuals who do not produce enough vitamin D through sun exposure.
Research by University of Arizona Health Sciences identifies chronic arsenic exposure as a risk factor for developing insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. The study found that prolonged activation of NRF2 protein leads to shifts in metabolic pathways, increasing glucose production in the liver.