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Science News Archive 2021 - Page 160


Page 160 of 510

From couch to ultra-marathon – mental imagery technique can aid running challenge completion

A new study published in the Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity found that functional imagery training (FIT) significantly reinforced a person's motivation to complete a challenging goal. FIT, developed at the University of Plymouth, teaches people new ways of thinking about their immediate future to help them s...

SourceUniversity of Plymouth·JournalJournal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 26, 2021

Female hummingbirds look like males to avoid harassment

Researchers found that one-third of female hummingbirds resemble males, allowing them to feed without being attacked. This phenomenon suggests non-sexual social selection plays a role in the evolution of female ornamentation.

SourceSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 26, 2021
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

Deleting DNA to treat mitochondrial diseases

Scientists at Kyoto University developed a chemical compound that can tag and remove mutant DNA sequences from mitochondria, potentially treating mitochondrial diseases. The approach overcomes existing problems with genetic material injection and antioxidant drugs.

SourceKyoto University·JournalCell Chemical Biology·DateAug 26, 2021

It’s not just SARS-CoV-2: Most respiratory viruses spread by aerosols

A review finds that many respiratory viruses, including influenza and measles, spread through aerosol transmission, contradicting conventional wisdom. Implementing aerosol precautions and ensuring sufficient ventilation can protect against this route of transmission.

SourceNational Sun Yat-sen University·JournalScience·TypeSystematic review·DateAug 26, 2021

Growth-promoting, anti-aging retinal at the root of plant growth too

A new study reveals that retinoids trigger the development of plant lateral roots, which are regulated by a protein similar to those found in animal cells. This discovery showcases convergent evolution and opens up new avenues for understanding human development and finding medical treatments.

SourceDuke University·JournalScience·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 26, 2021
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

How ocean temperature shapes marine biodiversity over geological time scales

A new study reveals a positive relationship between ocean temperature and increased species richness and functional redundancy in marine ecosystems. Over 40 million years, warmer waters harbored more species with similar functional roles, suggesting that climate change may bolster ecosystem resilience.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateAug 26, 2021

Altered Functional Brain Network Connectivity Associated with Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress in COVID-19 Survivors, Study Shows

A recent study found COVID-19 survivors exhibit abnormal patterns of brain connectivity associated with increased post-traumatic stress symptoms. The research team discovered three distinct states of functional connectivity in the brains of COVID-19 survivors, which are linked to symptom severity.

SourceGeorgia State University·JournalNeurobiology of Stress·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 26, 2021

Rapid measurement of vitamin concentration with nanopores

Scientists at the University of Groningen have created a nanopore system that can measure thiamine (vitamin B1) concentration in urine in under a minute. The system uses an engineered thiamine binding protein and can be adapted to measure other important molecules.

SourceUniversity of Groningen·JournalAngewandte Chemie·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 26, 2021
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

It’s not just SARS-CoV-2: Most respiratory viruses spread by aerosols

A comprehensive review finds that many respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and measles, can spread through airborne transmission via aerosols. The study's findings suggest that indoor air quality and ventilation play a crucial role in reducing the transmission of infectious virus-laden aerosols.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalScience·TypeLiterature review·DateAug 26, 2021

A mechanism underlying most common cause of epileptic seizures revealed

A study by KAIST scientists shows that neurons carrying somatic mutations in MTOR can lead to focal cortical dysplasia, the most common cause of uncontrolled seizures. Nearby non-mutated neurons become hyperexcitable due to adenosine kinase overproduction, triggering seizures.

SourceThe Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)·JournalAnnals of Neurology·TypeMeta-analysis·DateAug 25, 2021

The Daylight Award 2022 is open for nominations

The Daylight Award 2022 is now open for nominations, honoring groundbreaking research on the effects of daylight on human health and well-being. The award also recognizes innovative architectural projects showcasing unique uses of daylight, aiming to improve living conditions and environmental impact.

SourceThe Daylight Award·DateAug 25, 2021

Majority of people with spinal cord injury use complementary and integrative healthcare

A study published in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation found that 80% of people with spinal cord injury use complementary and integrative healthcare approaches. The most common reasons for use were general health and wellness, pain management, and to improve mobility and flexibility. However, there is a need for more res...

SourceKessler Foundation·JournalArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·TypeSurvey·DateAug 25, 2021
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Sea level rise will harm coastal wetlands in the Chesapeake—A bad sign for people and property

A new study assesses the impacts of sea level rise and wetland change on storm surge flooding in the Chesapeake Bay region. The results show that even relatively weak storms in 2100 could have a greater impact than high-intensity storms today, with significant property damage and effects on people.

SourceResources for the Future (RFF)·JournalNatural Hazards Review·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 25, 2021

Stanford researchers make rechargeable batteries that store six times more charge

The new alkali metal-chlorine batteries can cycle up to 200 times and achieve a capacity of 1,200 milliamp hours per gram, significantly outperforming commercial lithium-ion batteries. Researchers envision their batteries being used in satellites and remote sensors where frequent recharging is not practical.

SourceStanford University·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 25, 2021
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Successful glioblastoma treatment in dogs may also be viable in humans

A new study suggests that a treatment for canine glioblastoma may also be effective in humans, with some dogs experiencing significant tumor shrinkage. The treatment uses an immunotherapy drug called STING agonist, which induced a robust immune response against cancer cells.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalClinical Cancer Research·DateAug 25, 2021

New research shows men and women of Roman Herculaneum had different diets

Researchers at the University of York have found significant differences in the diets of men and women living in Roman Herculaneum. Males consumed a higher proportion of protein from seafood, while females ate more locally grown fruits and vegetables. This new approach to analyzing amino acids provides a unique insight into ancient diets.

SourceUniversity of York·JournalScience Advances·DateAug 25, 2021

How the first roots developed more than 400 million years ago

Researchers reconstructed the oldest known form of roots in a 407-million-year-old plant fossil, revealing a complex branching system that differed from modern plants. This discovery provides insight into the evolution of early land plants and their impact on the environment.

SourceGregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 25, 2021

USTC improves anyonic photonic quantum simulation

Researchers from USTC demonstrate the quantum statistics and contextuality of parafermion zero modes using a multi-mode Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The fidelity of the braiding operation reaches 93.4%, enabling a fault-tolerant quantum gate.

SourceUniversity of Science and Technology of China·JournalPRX Quantum·DateAug 25, 2021
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

Call for healthcare leaders to ensure women and girls have access to safe and affordable menstrual products and health

The need for public engagement on menstrual health is emphasized by a commentary in JAMA, highlighting the importance of sufficient funding and research. Menstrual equity is recognized as a human rights and public health issue with significant disparities affecting schoolgirls, women, and those experiencing homelessness.

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalJAMA·DateAug 25, 2021

Creation of the most perfect graphene

A team of researchers at the Institute for Basic Science has developed a method to produce large-area, single-crystal graphene with no wrinkles or adlayers. This breakthrough enables the creation of high-performance devices oriented in any direction over the entire graphene film.

SourceInstitute for Basic Science·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 25, 2021

Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars?

An international team of space scientists finds that humans can travel to and from Mars safely if the spacecraft has sufficient shielding. The round trip should be shorter than four years. Scientists also recommend timing the mission during solar maximum to shield astronauts and the spacecraft from radiation.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles·JournalSpace Weather·DateAug 25, 2021

Operando monitoring transition dynamics of responsive polymer using optofluidic microcavities

A team of scientists developed a novel microcavity sensing technology to study the transition dynamics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) using optofluidic microcavities. The self-referencing method decouples multiple effects involved in physical/chemical reactions, allowing for detection of complex processes.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·JournalLight Science & Applications·DateAug 25, 2021
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Secrets of COVID-19 transmission revealed in turbulent puffs

Researchers developed a new model to study turbulent puffs, revealing the impact of temperature and humidity on turbulence. The findings suggest that buoyancy plays a significant role in shaping the behavior of tiny fluctuations within the puff, which can affect the movement of airborne droplets.

SourceOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 25, 2021

Increase in registration of dementia as a cause of death

A new study published in Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that dementia-related deaths have increased over the past 20 years, becoming the most common cause of death among people diagnosed with dementia. The growth may reflect improved diagnostic rates and a greater understanding of dementia as a fatal disease.

SourceIOS Press·JournalJournal of Alzheimer’s Disease·DateAug 25, 2021
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging

Biophotonic probes utilize biological entities for sensitive detection of biological signals and precise imaging of cellular structures. Optical waveguides play a crucial role in transporting light into deep tissues, while biolenses enable noninvasive screening tools for blood-related disorders.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·DateAug 25, 2021

Despite concerns, pandemic did not increase suicidal thoughts in veterans

A recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that the number of veterans who reported contemplating suicide during the pandemic decreased relative to pre-pandemic levels. The study also revealed a significant decline in suicide attempts among US military veterans, with only 0.3% reporting attempts during the pandemic.

SourceYale University·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateAug 25, 2021

US medical schools are not addressing LGBTQ health disparities well

A study found that 80% of US medical schools do not collect sexual orientation information during admissions, making it difficult to identify and address health disparities. Researchers advocate for updated data collection practices to ensure more inclusive training and support for LGBTQ students and physicians.

SourceAmerican Osteopathic Association·JournalJournal of Osteopathic Medicine·DateAug 25, 2021

Underlying instincts: An appetite for survival

Researchers discovered a signaling system in C. elegans that redirects behavior when food is scarce, highlighting a molecular mechanism for flexible instinctive responses. This finding sheds light on how animals detect and integrate sensory cues for adaptive behavioral decisions.

SourceUniversity of Rochester Medical Center·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 25, 2021
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Carnegie Mellon, University of Washington to pioneer platforms that harness astrophysical data to unravel the universe’s mysteries

Scientists at Carnegie Mellon and University of Washington are developing new software platforms to analyze the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) dataset. The open-source platforms will enable researchers to make sense of big data and address fundamental questions about the universe, such as dark matter and dark energy.

SourceCarnegie Mellon University·DateAug 25, 2021

Pregnant women with COVID-19 face higher risk of pre-eclampsia, study shows

A review of scientific literature found pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 have a higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia due to reduced ACE2 availability. ACE2 plays a crucial role in placental development, blood pressure control, and fetal development, making its impairment more susceptible to serious complications.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalClinical Science·DateAug 25, 2021

Exposure to tobacco smoke in early life is associated with accelerated biological ageing

A new study finds that early-life exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with accelerated biological ageing in children. The analysis of over 1,000 children in six European countries revealed that maternal tobacco smoke during pregnancy and indoor exposure to black carbon are linked to an acceleration in epigenetic ageing.

SourceBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)·JournalEnvironment International·DateAug 25, 2021

NeuroVision Imaging Inc. announces additional funding from the ADDF to accelerate development of novel blood-based lab test to predict dementia before clinical onset

The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation has provided NeuroVision Imaging Inc. with additional funding to accelerate the development of a novel blood-based lab test that can predict dementia before clinical onset. This technology has the potential to make diagnostic testing more practical, less invasive and less costly.

SourcePublic Relations Pacific LLC·DateAug 25, 2021

Robot mimics the powerful punch of the mantis shrimp

Scientists develop robotic model of mantis shrimp strike, revealing geometric latching process behind ultra-fast movements. The device accelerates to 26 meters per second, equivalent to a car reaching 58 mph in four milliseconds.

SourceHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 25, 2021
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Confiscated fossil turns out to be exceptional flying reptile from Brazil

A well-preserved tapejarid skeleton from Brazil provides the first complete look at the entire body of Tupandactylus navigans, a flying reptile with a mix of terrestrial and aerial adaptations. The fossil's exceptional preservation reveals new details about its anatomy and potential flight capabilities.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeObservational study·DateAug 25, 2021

What should an ideal refugee protection system look like?

The PROTECT project aims to improve global refugee protection by examining the potential of Compacts and their impact on states' ability to fulfill Refugee Convention objectives. The study proposes solutions to address current challenges in international refugee governance.

SourceThe University of Bergen·DateAug 25, 2021

Cellular agriculture development has potential to change food industry, society

A new study assesses the potential trajectories of cellular agriculture, a technology that grows cultured meat, dairy, and egg products from animal cells and yeast. The research highlights the need for increased public investments in open-source research and education to ensure a just and equitable development of the sector.

SourcePenn State·JournalAgriculture and Human Values·DateAug 25, 2021
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Engineering new cell functionalities on thin films

Researchers at IMB and JGU developed a method to engineer new cell functionalities by creating film-like organelles that can subdivide cell processes into smaller spaces. This allows for the creation of multiple proteins with unique functions in different areas of the cell.

SourceJohannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz·JournalCell·DateAug 25, 2021

Researchers identify brain circuitry that motivates mating in mice

Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center identified the precise hypothalamic neurons that regulate mating behaviors in mice. The study suggests a general principle about the neurobiology of motivation and sets the stage for developing targeted therapies to offset sexual side effects linked to antidepressants.

SourceBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center·JournalNature·DateAug 25, 2021

LED streetlights reduce insect populations by 50%

A new study found that LED streetlights have a detrimental impact on local insect populations, with moth caterpillar numbers being 52% lower under LED lighting than in unlit areas. The study suggests that this is due to female moths laying fewer eggs in habitats illuminated by streetlights.

SourceUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology·JournalScience Advances·TypeObservational study·DateAug 25, 2021

Physicists make laser beams visible in vacuum

Researchers at the University of Bonn developed a method to visualize laser beams in a vacuum, allowing for precise alignment of individual atoms. This breakthrough enables faster and more accurate quantum optics experiments, potentially leading to advancements in computing and materials science.

SourceUniversity of Bonn·JournalPhysical Review Applied·DateAug 25, 2021

New study gives insight into how often COVID-19 spreads through households

A new study found that secondary cases of COVID-19 occur within the first week of an initial positive test, with higher viral loads increasing transmission risk. Household living density also played a significant role in determining whether COVID spread to other members.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·TypeObservational study·DateAug 25, 2021
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Prediction of organ transplant rejection using artificial blood vessels

The development of artificial blood vessels using a simple process has enabled the simulation of human blood circulation and blood coagulation, reducing the duration of experiments. This breakthrough has demonstrated the potential of genetically modified pig organs to be used in xenotransplantation with low immune rejection levels.

SourceNational Research Council of Science & Technology·DateAug 25, 2021

Tele-psychiatry a resounding success in 5-year trial

A five-year telepsychiatry trial found significant improvements in rural patients' access to care, mental health symptoms, and quality of life. The study treated over 1,000 patients with bipolar disorder and/or PTSD, often underserved by traditional mental health services.

SourceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 25, 2021

Marine ecosystem models may greatly underestimate future climate change impacts

A new study found that global marine ecosystem models differ widely in their representation of key processes, leading to underestimation of climate change impacts. Marine ecosystem models generally agree on biomass decline but disagree on magnitude and location across the world's oceans through the 21st century.

SourceQueensland University of Technology·JournalProgress In Oceanography·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 25, 2021

Double-bowl state in photonic Dirac nodal line semimetal

Scientists have discovered a photonic realization of type-II Dirac nodal line semimetal with ring-shaped four-fold band degeneracy. The material exhibits a double-bowl state comprising two sets of almost degenerate perpendicularly polarized surface states, which is distinct from other photonic systems.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·DateAug 25, 2021
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Amputation rates higher for people with PAD who are poor or Black; other health gaps noted in special issue

A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that people with peripheral artery disease (PAD) living in poor or Black metropolitan areas have higher amputation rates. The analysis also noted significant disparities in healthcare access and quality among different racial and socioeconomic groups.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·DateAug 25, 2021

3D spiral sequence overcomes conventional challenges for head and neck MRI

A new 3D spiral gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence has been developed to overcome conventional challenges in head and neck MRI. This sequence achieves improved image quality and contrast-to-noise ratio compared to traditional Cartesian sequences, while reducing scan time by up to 44.6%.

SourceAmerican Roentgen Ray Society·JournalAmerican Journal of Roentgenology·TypeObservational study·DateAug 25, 2021

Brain organoids mimic head size changes associated with type of autism

Researchers have created brain organoids from people with 16p11.2 genomic variations, which exhibit differences in brain size seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The study revealed new information about molecular mechanisms that malfunction when this region is disrupted, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·DateAug 25, 2021