Researchers found numerous novel genes promoting microbial resistance in international travelers' gut microbiomes. The study highlights the global spread of antimicrobial resistance through travel and emphasizes the need for broader surveillance.
SGLT2 inhibitors like gliflozins reduce the risk of progressing to end-stage kidney disease in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The kidneys produce less erythropoietin as a result, which reduces anemia, resulting in reduced renal endpoint, cardiovascular events, and mortality
Researchers discovered periplocin, a potent inhibitor of the IRE1-XBP1 axis, which suppresses the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cardiac glycosides, commonly used for cardiac insufficiency therapy, also exhibited similar UPR-suppressing effects.
Researchers have discovered a new marine scale worm species exhibiting male dwarfism, which is rare in the animal kingdom. The discovery sheds light on extreme sexual size dimorphism and highlights the unique environmental factors that may lead to such phenomena.
The study found that hepatocellular carcinoma develops on a background of chronic inflammation and fibrosis, with tumor-associated macrophages playing a key role. The researchers characterized the inflammatory microenvironment in two HCC mouse models, revealing divergent phenotypes of liver macrophage subsets and their contribution to ...
Researchers elucidated the molecular structure of RcaE, a representative cyanobacterial photosensor, revealing its unique conformation and potential proton transfer route to bilin. The study provides insights into how cyanobacteria evolved diverse spectral sensitivities and contributes to the development of new photoswitches.
Researchers developed an AI-powered algorithm to detect COVID-19 origins in municipal wastewater systems. The system uses automatic sensors and manhole sampling to quickly identify key locations for manual testing and contact tracing, reducing the time to locate sources from days to hours.
Researchers demonstrate Slater mechanism using pyrochlore oxide, a compound with minimal other metal-insulator transition mechanisms. The study provides new insights into fundamental questions about material behavior and has potential applications in spintronics.
Researchers have extended Singapore's sea-level record to nearly 10,000 years ago, providing a more robust dataset to aid future predictions. The findings also reveal the first conclusive evidence that mangroves only existed in the Marina South area for around 300 years before succumbing to flooding associated with rising sea levels.
African American families living in public housing face unique challenges that contribute to high rates of suicidal behavior among young people. The study suggests that culturally tailored interventions delivered within public housing communities could be effective in preventing suicides.
A new study has identified the genetic root of bitter taste in greens like broccoli rabe and bok choy. The research team reconstructed an evolutionary tree from DNA sequences analysis of over 400 Brassica rapa varieties, revealing that Central Asian turnips were the most genetically diverse crops.
A new study found that coeliac disease cases in school-age children have doubled in the past 25 years due to mass screening. The prevalence of coeliac disease was found to be 1.6%, significantly higher than previously thought, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
A recent study led by Kyushu University reveals that chronic kidney disease induces heart inflammation through dysfunctional white blood cells. The researchers found that elevated levels of vitamin A disrupt the circadian clock in these cells, leading to increased expression of a protein called GPR68.
Researchers found that ADHD medications were associated with reduced suicidal behavior and thoughts in preadolescent children with externalizing behaviors. Children taking ADHD medications had lesser odds for suicidality, suggesting a moderating role for these medications.
A new study from McGill University found no genetic evidence that vitamin D works as a protective measure against COVID-19. The study analyzed 14,134 individuals with COVID-19 and over 1.2 million without the disease, but found no difference between vitamin D levels and severity of illness.
Researchers have formulated a facial soft tissue thickness dataset for adult chimpanzees, providing a foundation for reconstructing the faces of ancient hominids. The dataset and regression equations will help reduce variability in reconstructions, offering a more accurate representation of our human ancestors.
Chun Shen, a Wayne State University physics professor, has been awarded a $750,000 grant from the Department of Energy to study Quark-Gluon Plasma properties. His research aims to develop a new open-source framework to decode hot nuclear matter properties.
A multidisciplinary team at UMass Amherst explores the science behind designing better plant-based protein, addressing nutritional and sensory attributes. They aim to create healthier and more sustainable alternatives while maintaining their appeal.
A new drug, sotorasib, has shown significant benefit in treating non-small-cell lung cancer patients with a specific KRAS mutation. The study found that 37.1% of patients experienced tumor shrinkage and 82% saw slowing of tumor growth.
The Phase II study showed that sotorasib achieved a 37.1% objective response rate and 12.5 months median overall survival in previously treated patients with KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The drug was found to be safe and tolerable, with manageable toxicities.
The TEMPUS project explores how people with varying needs will interact with self-driving vehicles and how to make urban traffic safer for all road users. Researchers are using surveys, focus group discussions, workshops, and observations to gather insights into user acceptance and human-technology interaction.
A new online resource hub will be established to document the life and work of controversial theologian Don Cupitt. The grant-funded project aims to provide access to archival material, blog posts, videos, and lectures related to Cupitt's influential books and BBC series.
A new type of manmade quasicrystal created by the first test blast of an atomic bomb has been identified by a UMass Lowell geologist. The substance holds promise for various applications such as bone repair, heat insulation and converting heat to electricity.
A new study suggests that excluding individuals with harmful mutations and selecting those from multiple source populations can improve the success of translocation programs for threatened species. Computer simulations show that this approach can minimize inbreeding depression and ensure population survival.
A new study reveals that two-thirds of Californians have never heard of gun violence restraining orders, despite being available for five years. Most respondents, including gun owners, would be willing to use a GVRO if a family member was at risk of causing harm.
Researchers led by Dr. Laura-Isobel McCall use liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and data science tools to understand how pathogens affect different body parts differently
Researchers discovered a genetic link between the HLA-DRB1*04:01 gene and reduced severity of COVID-19. The study found that individuals with this gene are three times more likely to remain asymptomatic compared to those without, suggesting potential protection against severe illness.
A survey study in California found that public awareness of extreme risk protection orders is low, and many people are unwilling to use them to prevent firearm-related harm. The study suggests that targeted education and awareness campaigns can improve public understanding and encourage the use of these orders.
Heavy water significantly reduces cellular dynamics without damaging cells, a finding with implications for organ transplants and tissue storage. The study's results suggest increased interaction between structural proteins and reversible effects, paving the way for further research into this phenomenon.
A new study suggests that rising CO2 levels and warming temperatures will lead to stronger monsoon seasons in the Indian subcontinent. The research, published in Science Advances, analyzed sediment core samples from the Bay of Bengal and found a correlation between CO2 levels and intense monsoon rainfall over the past 900,000 years.
Using high-performance computing (HPC) and experiments, researchers continue to develop more efficient methods for producing graphene at the industrial scale. The team used GCS HPC resources to run simulations of graphene formation on liquid copper, aiming to create a faster and cheaper method for large-scale production.
A new imaging technique, flexed elbow valgus external rotation (FEVER) view, has been shown to improve the evaluation of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries in Major League Baseball pitchers. This study found increased joint space width and diagnostic confidence with FEVER view compared to standard positioning.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have developed a new technology that can simultaneously measure glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain on a second-by-second basis. The study aims to explore the balance of these neurotransmitters in the aging brain and could lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
A new SARS-CoV-2 variant, T478K, has been identified in over 50% of viruses in North America, particularly in Mexico, where it spreads rapidly among all age groups. The mutation in the Spike protein alters its interaction with the human receptor ACE2, potentially hindering drug efficacy and immune system antibodies.
A new study found that engaged listening techniques like eye contact and praising openness help teenagers feel more authentic and connected with their parents. The research showed that being more attentive while listening made teenagers feel better about themselves and more likely to open up again in the future.
A study found substantial racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 rates among adults with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis in New York City. Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19, with neighborhood social vulnerability factors not explaining the disparities.
A study of over 59,000 Icelandic adolescents found COVID-19 has significantly impacted their mental health, particularly among girls and older teens. Substantially lower rates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette usage, and alcohol intoxication were also reported.
Researchers investigate storage of CO2-N2-O2 mixtures in geological formations, suggesting environmentally safe and economically viable approach to remove carbon from atmosphere. Direct air capture technology enables carbon capture anywhere, reducing transportation costs and improving social acceptance.
Researchers created an atom chip interferometer that can detect quantum gravity effects by studying interference patterns between atoms. The device has the potential to prove whether gravity is a quantum phenomenon.
The FDA-approved drug sotorasib has been shown to reduce tumor size and improve survival among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer caused by a specific DNA mutation. The study involved 126 patients who showed significant responses to the treatment, including 34% achieving partial response and 3% complete response.
A recent study has revealed a wide range of cost variations and transparency levels in the treatment of thyroid cancer. The research, conducted by Brigham and Women's Hospital, found that only half of the cancer centers studied reported payer-negotiated prices for services, with some costs varying by up to 70-fold across institutions.
A new universal vaccine may improve cross protection against different flu virus strains in adults and seniors with pre-existing immunity. The grant aims to test this theory in aged populations, addressing a significant public health concern.
Researchers used the hybrid OSSE method to evaluate the impact of GEO hyperspectral IR data on local severe storm forecasts. The study found improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, with a 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction.
A study by Swansea University researchers suggests that a compound found in green tea could combat the coronavirus behind COVID-19. The team used an artificial intelligence-aided computer programme to screen and sort natural compounds, identifying gallocatechin as a potential lead compound.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital studied enhancers that regulate Foxp3 gene expression to control effector and killer T cells. They found that these enhancers work together to curb the immune cells' activity, ensuring they only attack cancer cells.
Researchers repurpose cancer drug PLX3397 to combat sarcoma's growth and spread in animal models. The treatment inhibits CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling, reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and stimulating immune cell infiltration.
A new study suggests that increasing a protein in brown adipose tissue remodels white fat to lower diabetes risk. The research found that genetically engineered mice with extra protein had lower blood sugar and insulin sensitivity.
Researchers investigated plant competition under dual stressors of extreme drought and invasive species, finding dynamic interactions that amplify or buffer each other. Cork oak trees surprisingly recover better than expected after extreme drought when the invasive gum rockrose is also affected.
New national screening guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend that regular screenings begin at age 45 for Americans without symptoms or high-risk factors. The updated guideline aims to detect colorectal cancer earlier and improve treatment outcomes, particularly among younger adults.
Researchers discovered that fungus creates an underappreciated express lane for carbon, diverting up to 20% of fixed carbon from the microbial loop. This finding has implications for climate change mitigation and management of industrial and recreational settings dealing with harmful algal blooms.
The June edition of SLAS Discovery features the cover article on developing high-throughput biochemical assays to assess small molecule impact on SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 14. The issue also includes nine original research articles, covering topics such as HIV latency reversal, kinase inhibitors, and drug combination screening.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München developed a new bioengineered reporter system called EXSISERS, enabling non-invasive observation of fundamental cellular processes. The system detects specific protein isoforms being translated, with potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center found that remote patient monitoring reduced the risk of hospitalization for cancer patients with COVID-19 by 78%. The program used in-home technology to monitor oxygen levels and vital signs, resulting in fewer hospitalizations and ICU admissions.
A £8 million project led by the University of Warwick aims to develop new technology combining probes that detect cancer tumours through the skin with high-precision robotic surgery. The Terabotics project has the potential to lead to real-time diagnosis and more comprehensive removal of tumours with reduced need for follow-up surgery.
Researchers are exploring how environmental molecules can be used to engineer 'designer' microbiomes for combating disease, pollution, and more. Contrary to expectations, their experiments revealed that competition between microbial species hampers diversity within the community.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a new reconfigurable structure, called bigon rings, that can change shape under variable conditions. The technique, inspired by lace making, has potential applications in space exploration, wearable technology, and other fields.
A nutritional supplement, IQed Smart Nutrition, has been found to improve expressive speech and communication skills for people with autism, apraxia, and ADHD. The supplement reported improvements in 83.8% of respondents, with the highest observed improvement being 88.1% in vocalizations.
Researchers have found a new four-month antibiotic regimen using rifapentine to be effective in treating TB, reducing the treatment duration by two months. The study showed that patients with HIV also cleared their TB just as well as those without HIV.
Historical carbon emissions from cultivated northern peatlands are estimated to be around 72 billion tons over 850-2010. The study reveals that only about half of the emitted carbon was compensated by natural peatland carbon absorption.
Researchers at Boston University create first-of-its-kind model to predict abundance of different species of soil microbes in various environments. The model takes into account environmental factors such as plant species, pH, temperature and climate, and has huge implications for agriculture, climate change and public health.