Professor Yuri Mishin at George Mason University is advancing understanding of interface thermodynamics and kinetics through atomic modeling. He aims to investigate grain boundary segregation, phase transformations, and solute drag effects in alloys.
A bioinspired approach to C2 prenylation of indoles has been developed, enabling the regioselective synthesis of tryptophol and tryptamine derivatives. The method uses cheap tert-prenol as a precursor and Lewis acid AlCl3 as a catalyst, demonstrating high selectivity.
Studies show that families report increased concerns about child weight gain during COVID-19, with snacking being a key contributor to nutrient-poor calories. Additionally, young people worldwide face barriers to healthy eating due to various factors.
Researchers have identified specific cell types and tumor pathways that can predict which kidney cancers respond to immunotherapy, offering new insights into treatment strategies. The study's findings could lead to the development of biomarkers to guide kidney cancer treatment.
Research led by Dr. Satya P. Kunapuli seeks to understand how platelets become activated to form clots that lead to cardiovascular diseases like stroke and heart attack. The study aims to identify molecular differences in platelet genes and proteins to facilitate the discovery of new signaling pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease.
The study reveals that researchers' subjective decisions can lead to variations in climate reconstruction outcomes. The experiment showed notable differences in amplitude and sensitivity among multiple reconstructions using the same raw data. To improve reliability, teams are advised to create ensemble reconstructions.
A new research project SEEDFOOD aims to create fundamental knowledge on using rapeseed proteins for human consumption. The researchers will investigate how to process the proteins to achieve optimal functionality in food, including taste and nutritional value, while developing gentle methods to avoid damaging the proteins.
Researchers found COVID-19 causes a wide range of organs, including the kidneys, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) with significant mortality rates. Studies showed viruses were directly detected in kidneys of deceased patients, correlating with age and comorbidities.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London tested an algorithm on 700,000 patient records in east London to identify Familial Hypercholesterolemia, a leading cause of heart attacks in young people. The 'FAMCAT' algorithm analyzes GP data and family history to predict who may be at risk.
TGen will accelerate its efforts to track variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with the grant, enabling the identification of specific variants and improving biomedical technology. The funds will also enable TGen to provide a genomic sequence for every new COVID-19 infection in Arizona.
A team of scientists from UCLA and other institutions has confirmed the interaction between electrons and Alfvén waves, shedding light on the origin of the aurora borealis. The experiment replicated conditions in Earth's auroral magnetosphere, revealing that electrons undergo resonant acceleration by the Alfvén wave's electric field.
Bird collisions in Chicago are significantly correlated with high-intensity local migration, decreased moon illumination, and increased offshore winds. Minimizing building lighting at night may reduce collision rates among nocturnally migrating birds, according to a study by Benjamin Van Doren et al.
Australotitan, the southern titan, is Australia's largest dinosaur, reaching heights of 5-6.5 meters and lengths of 25-30 meters. The fossilised skeleton was discovered in Eromanga, southwest Queensland, and its scientific description marks a 17-year-long collaboration between Queensland Museum and Eromanga Natural History Museum.
A new study suggests that economic recessions lead to a decline in dietary quality, particularly in food-insecure households. The research analyzed data from over 60,000 adults and children in the US during the Great Recession and found significant reductions in nutrient-dense foods.
Researchers discovered a new electronic property in a specially engineered metal alloy, enabling the manipulation of heat with a magnetic 'switch'. The material, called Weyl semimetal, exhibits unusual electron behavior, generating and absorbing heat to create an energy pump.
Researchers found that just three to six bacterial groups are responsible for the majority of carbon cycling in soils. These dominant species were able to efficiently consume and utilize both existing and added soil carbon and nutrients.
A new study suggests that consuming high amounts of sugar from childhood can lead to significant weight gain, persistent hyperactivity, and learning impairments. Reducing sugar intake has been shown to prevent these issues, supporting World Health Organization recommendations.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a new way of generating electricity using tiny carbon particles that can create a current simply by interacting with liquid surrounding them. This technology allows for electrochemistry without wires, enabling applications such as powering micro- or nanoscale robots and driving chemical reactions.
Researchers have identified Alfven waves as the primary cause of the most brilliant auroras. These waves accelerate electrons toward Earth, producing atmospheric light show, through a process known as Landau damping. The study, conducted at the Large Plasma Device, confirms decades-long quest to demonstrate experimentally the physical ...
A new approach to model and analyze protein-ligand interactions in cancer research is being developed through a $1.2 million NIH grant. Researchers will use the proteomics toolkit PROTEAN-CR to understand key biological mechanisms of cancer and suggest novel cancer therapies.
Only 5% of men and 9% of women meet daily fiber recommendations, associated with higher risks of heart disease and diabetes. Higher dietary fiber intake is strongly linked to reduced markers for heart and kidney disease in adults with diabetes.
Research suggests that mask-wearing, hand-washing, and physical distancing may reduce Kawasaki disease incidence in children. The study found a 40% decrease in cases after COVID-19 prevention efforts began in February 2020.
A team of astrophysicists led by Luke Bouma has confirmed that one of these streams of stars, NGC 2516, extends at least 1,600 light-years -- 500 parsecs -- from tip to tip.
Researchers suppressed magnetic order across a material for several picoseconds using ultrafast laser pulses. The study reveals how magnetic interactions are suppressed not just locally but everywhere, with the goal of understanding magnetism control for applications like data storage and superconductivity.
Researchers have identified a novel interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and galectin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP), which could be a new therapeutic anti-viral target. The presence of detectable viral RNA in blood is strongly associated with increased risk of severe illness.
A new study provides fine-grained methods for measuring income and racial disparities in energy use intensity. The research found that households in low-income non-white neighborhoods report higher energy use intensity, reflective of lower energy efficiency and lower participation in rebate programs. Cities can now apply this method to...
Researchers developed a predictive model to monitor infant gene expression changes, potentially identifying early markers for T1D progression. The study used data from the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) consortium and identified specific gene expression patterns related to natural killer cells.
A team of researchers developed a new method to analyze global food value chains, revealing that farmers receive only 27% of consumer expenditure on foods consumed at home. The study found that the majority of value is created in post-farmgate activities, such as processing and manufacturing.
Research on metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters has explored their composition-structure-property relationships, functionality, and applications. The evolution of MCSCs has led to the development of new frameworks, discretization in superlattices, and site-dependent properties.
A study using protein mapping reveals that abnormal glutamate levels in the brains of schizophrenic patients can lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis in neurons, while oligodendrocytes display different responses. This knowledge may contribute to the development of more targeted treatments for schizophrenia.
Studies have shown that COVID-19-associated nephritis can predict disease severity and mortality, while early signs of kidney involvement are associated with worse outcomes. Chronic kidney disease is a risk for some patients, particularly those who experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which may not recover fully.
The study found that guided digital skills training sessions not only improved older adults' digital literacy but also fostered meaningful social connections and a sense of community. Participants reported increased motivation, joy, and satisfaction with the training experience.
Researchers at Fralin Biomedical Research Institute will advance noninvasive brain and cancer treatments with the new MRI-guided focused ultrasound facility. The technology, already used to treat movement disorders and solid tumors, aims to deliver precise energy to alleviate symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
Research shows that hospitalized individuals with active cancer are more likely to die from COVID-19 than those with a history of cancer or no cancer diagnosis. Patients with blood-related cancers face the greatest risk of death, while recent cancer therapy is not linked to worse outcomes.
Archaeologists have discovered that ancient chickens lived significantly longer than modern fowl due to their sacred status. Researchers used a new method based on the tarsometatarsal spur to estimate ages and found that over 50% of Iron Age bones were from birds aged over two years.
A new research project, PROFERMENT, aims to create sustainable plant-based foods by optimizing plant-based protein sources through fermentation. The researchers use Bacillus bacteria and moulds to increase nutritional value and create desirable taste and structure, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
KTU's rooftop solar plant project, selected from 2,500 entries worldwide, combines multiple energy sources and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The initiative aims to educate students on renewable energy and mitigate climate change.
A new international study has identified a drug that can halt the progression of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in sportspeople who sustain repeated head injuries. The treatment was successfully tested in animal models and shows promise for preventing neurological problems associated with CTE, which affects cognition and behavior.
A team of bioengineers defined ten overarching classes of constraints on early metabolic networks based on basic chemistry and physics. These abiotic constraints dictate fundamental aspects of chemical processes, influencing the evolution of alternative transport systems and stress response mechanisms.
A new study from the University of Technology Sydney models how coronavirus aerosols travel through our lungs, revealing that more than 65% of particles reach the deepest region where damage can occur. The research also shows that the right lung is more affected by virus deposition due to its asymmetrical anatomy.
The Agriculture Sector Technology Roadmap addresses treating and reusing water in agricultural applications, such as irrigation and meat processing. The roadmap identifies various areas of opportunity for using non-traditional water, including recycling drainage from crop fields.
Divita Mathur is investigating cytosolic access and instability of DNA nanoparticles to overcome current delivery mechanisms. The goal is to create more biocompatible delivery systems, enabling advanced targeted therapies.
Researchers found a correlation between high ACE2 concentrations and increased risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes. The study suggests that measuring ACE1 levels may be a useful biomarker to predict mortality from the disease.
Researchers found that plants exhibit a rapid burst of gene activity within an hour of dawn, with three distinct waves. This inner circadian clock helps plants prepare for the day, and scientists identified key regulators of light signaling, including HY5 and BBX31.
A new study revises past temperature estimates in Antarctica, revealing significant differences between West and East Antarctica due to varying altitudes. The research uses two independent methods to measure temperatures, providing reliable data for climate modeling and future projections.
A new study found that darkening even some windows at night during bird migration periods could reduce bird collisions by 60%. Researchers analyzed data from McCormick Place convention center and found that half of the building's windows being illuminated resulted in 11 times fewer nighttime bird collisions during spring migration.
A study revealed that Staphylococcus saprophyticus can originate from food, particularly meat production, and is a major cause of urinary tract infections in young women. The bacteria's transmission occurs between persons within the community, emphasizing the importance of hygiene practices to prevent infectious diseases.
This study investigated the effect of culturing hepatocellular cancer cells in more native conditions, revealing slower doubling times, increased glycolytic enzymes, and mutations in mitochondrial DNA. The results showed increased resistance and sensitivity for cells cultured in native conditions, highlighting new insights into tumor b...
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that zinc plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure by triggering the relaxation of blood vessels. This discovery could lead to the development of new zinc-based blood pressure drugs, addressing the limitations of existing treatments for hypertension.
A recent commentary published in Annals of Internal Medicine highlights the growing concern of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, or 'black fungus', in India. Experts recommend nonpharmacological measures and careful corticosteroid use to prevent and manage this syndemic.
A study published in Nature Communications has identified a single biomarker, neurofilament light chain (NfL), that can accurately reveal underlying neurodegeneration in people with cognitive issues. NfL levels in blood were found to be higher across all neurodegenerative disorders compared to those with no cognitive problems.
A study examining ERPO use in Oregon found that these laws are commonly considered as a tool to remove guns from dangerous individuals, but should also be used to prevent gun purchases by those at risk. Most ERPO petitions were filed by law enforcement or reported histories of interpersonal violence or suicidality.
A new study by Iowa State University scientists has developed an integrated framework to explain the complex interactions between a plant's genotype and environment. The framework uses advanced data analytics to predict crop performance and could lead to more accurate breeding of high-yielding crops.
The ACCOLADE study found that avacopan slowed C3 glomerulopathy progression by 20.6% in the placebo group but improved by 0.2% in the avacopan group, with patients with low eGFR benefiting from therapy. Avacopan also reduced proteinuria and increased eGFR in both groups.
Researchers develop non-invasive tool to assess oral keratinocyte quality, correlating cell motion speed with regenerative capacity and proliferation potential. The cells/colony motion index makes a reliable quality control tool for engineered cells used in regenerative medicine.
Climate change is linked to environmental factors causing 24% of global deaths, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. The healthcare sector contributes to climate crisis, producing 4.4% of the global carbon footprint. Nephrologists play a crucial role in addressing climate change.
Computational simulations reveal that DNA sequence and histone tail dynamics play crucial roles in nucleosome breathing. The study provides unprecedented insights into gene expression mechanisms and may contribute to understanding diseases and optimizing therapeutical cell type conversions.
Using satellite data, researchers identified suitable foraging habitats and found areas of low resource availability that were rarely used by Aboriginal peoples. The study provides new information on the complex socioeconomic strategies employed by the indigenous population to adapt to environmental challenges.
Researchers at Heriot-Watt University have demonstrated the first quantum-secure conversation between four parties simultaneously, using Quantum Key Distribution and multi-party entanglement to share keys securely. This breakthrough has potential to drastically reduce resource costs for conference calls in quantum networks.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) develop a new method for real-time seismic imaging using acoustic waves. This breakthrough improves image resolution and accuracy, enabling faster and more efficient exploration of subsurface structures.