Contingency management has been shown to be efficacious in addressing key clinical problems among patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder. The study found that CM improved outcomes on psychomotor stimulant use, polysubstance use, illicit-opioid use, cigarette smoking, therapy attendance, and medication adherence.
A multi-year trial found that co-locating contraceptive services in opioid treatment programs with financial incentives significantly increased the use of effective contraception among women with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), leading to a reduction in unintended pregnancies. The intervention also showed cost-beneficial results, with each ...
The RAPID Trial found that administering a full dose of heparin early to moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 could reduce the risk of severe disease and death. The study showed a significant reduction in all-cause death with therapeutic heparin compared to low-dose treatment.
Researchers developed a novel computer model called CODYM to analyze conversational dynamics in seriously ill patients and their families. The model uses Markov Models to capture information flow patterns, providing concise summaries of dependencies in speaker turn lengths.
A new study provides valuable information on the cognitive processes and brain systems underlying adolescent development. The data from the largest longitudinal neuroimaging study to date reveals which brain regions are involved in key psychological processes, including cognitive control, reward processing, and social/emotional function.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that zinc plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure by triggering the relaxation of blood vessels. This discovery could lead to the development of new zinc-based blood pressure drugs, addressing the limitations of existing treatments for hypertension.
Researchers at the University of Vermont have discovered new biomarkers for predicting clinical and immune responses to dengue virus infection. These findings could aid in the development of more effective vaccines against all four dengue strains, a crucial step in combating this deadly disease.
Researchers have discovered a unique dependence of cancer cells on the protein KIF18A, which could lead to less harmful drug treatments for some cancers. International collaboration and data-sharing played a key role in this breakthrough discovery.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown dual function of polymerase theta (pol theta) in DNA repair, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic options for breast and ovarian cancers. The finding shows pol theta can both extend DNA and trim it, making it a potential target for treatment development.
A new Commentary in Preventive Medicine suggests financial incentives could promote high levels of COVID-19 vaccine adherence, crucial for achieving herd immunity. Strong evidence from controlled trials supports the efficacy of incentivizing vaccine adherence, including a 7-fold increase in adherence with modest financial incentives.
A new AI tool, AI-COVID, uses routine blood work to assist clinical labs in ruling out COVID-19 infection. The software achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and high sensitivity of 95% while maintaining moderate specificity.
A new model predicts that schools can safely remain open if community spread is low and precautions are taken, especially for children under 10. The study suggests a 40% reduction in daily social contacts in the community and 33% for teens to enable safe school reopening.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes decreases addictiveness, particularly among those with mental illness and socioeconomic disadvantage. The research suggests that lower nicotine content could lead to policy changes benefiting all smokers, especially the most vulnerable.
Researchers found that higher antibody levels in sicker patients correlate with disease severity, but surprisingly, many elderly patients produced as strong an antibody response as younger adults. The study suggests that a vaccine may not need to achieve the highest possible RBD-S antibody levels.
Researchers found that beta-blockers increase the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure among patients with 'stiff heart' heart failure, characterized by a normal squeeze but impaired relaxation of the heart muscle. Beta-blocker use was associated with a 74% higher risk of hospitalizations in this patient population.
A study found that a patient's optimism can influence clinicians' survival predictions, leading to overestimation of time remaining. This bias may hinder timely end-of-life care decisions.
Researchers have discovered a highly focused antibody response in dengue infection that neutralizes the virus and persists for months. The study provides new insights into the complex immune response to dengue and could lead to advanced vaccine formulations.
A new study finds that even a small amount of cannabis use by teenagers is linked to differences in their brains, including increased gray matter volume in areas involved in emotion and memory development. The researchers also ruled out pre-existing brain differences or personality traits as possible explanations for the findings.
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition has published a consensus report outlining five criteria for malnutrition diagnosis. The criteria include phenotypic and etiologic measures to assess malnutrition in adults. A two-step approach is recommended for diagnosis, involving screening and assessment.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry suggests that reducing nicotine content in cigarettes can decrease their addictiveness in vulnerable populations. The research team found that low-nicotine dose cigarettes could serve as economic substitutes for higher-dose commercial-level nicotine cigarettes when the cost of the latter was greater.
A clinical trial published in PLoS One found that over-the-counter magnesium supplementation is a safe and effective treatment option for mild to moderate depression. The study, led by Emily Tarleton, MS, RD, CD, involved 126 adults who received either 248mg of elemental magnesium per day or a placebo for six weeks, with significant im...
Capillaries in the brain's wire-like network can sense activity and generate signals to direct blood flow and deliver nutrients to neurons. This mechanism enables precise control over cerebrovascular blood flow to meet the brain's changing energy needs.
Researchers have discovered a relationship between brain structure and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattention. The study found reduced gray matter volume in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with increased symptom severity.