Researchers developed interventions to increase psychological ownership, making users feel more responsible for public resources. Kayakers who gave a nickname to a lake felt more ownership and were more likely to pick up trash. Participants who saw 'YOUR park' signs also showed increased donations and willingness to volunteer.
Engineers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a method for reclaiming polymers in multilayer plastics using solvents. The STRAP process uses thermodynamic calculations to separate polymers and has the potential to close the recycling loop.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infects fat cells and alters the quantity of signaling molecules released into the bloodstream. Adipocytes release more exosomes containing inflammatory factors, which may contribute to damage in organs such as the heart, lungs, and nervous system.
The Lehigh University's Plasma Control Group has been awarded a $1.5 million DOE grant to investigate the spherical tokamak concept and design more efficient fusion reactors. The team will focus on understanding plasma dynamics and developing advanced control systems to regulate plasmas in closed loops.
A comprehensive expedition reveals decades of glacier mass changes, accelerating ice loss and meltwater predictions. Climate change also increases oxygen availability on the mountain, posing a new challenge for human climbers.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System identified gene TRIM37 responsible for triple-negative breast cancer metastasis and developed potential treatment approach using nanoparticles. The approach shows promising results in lab mice, offering a new way to target a driver of metastasis and potentially improve overall survival.
A new study from City University London suggests that glaucoma eye tests can be accurately performed at home using a tablet-based device called Eyecatcher. The study found high accuracy rates (98%) and adherence, with potential to detect rapidly progressing cases of glaucoma earlier.
A study from Indiana University School of Nursing and IU Center for Aging Research at Regenstrief Institute found that nursing home residents with POLST forms had a concordance rate of 59% compared to 35% without POLST forms, indicating better matching of care preferences
Researchers at Osaka City University have found a way to fine-tune quantum resonance in layered structures of quantum dots, leading to improved charge transport and potential applications in solar cells. The breakthrough involves controlling the distance between quantum dot layers using short ligands and polyelectrolytes.
Researchers develop a method to create complex, low-symmetry structures by assembling organic monomers into cyclic macromolecules. These 'foldamers' mimic the properties of biopolymers and offer an ideal model system to study protein folding and interactions.
Researchers discovered that Wnt signalling enables steady cancer growth by balancing RAS-MAPK signalling. Inhibiting Wnt signalling can cause premature ageing and cellular senescence, leading to cancer cell death.
A new University of Warwick-led study found that obese patients over 60 years old can lose an equivalent amount of weight as younger people through lifestyle changes alone. The research aims to correct misconceptions about the effectiveness of weight loss in older people and promote healthy ageing.
A curved blade is proposed for a laser scalpel to expand its medical applications, being two times thinner than the current cylindrical option. The concept utilizes a photonic 'hook' formed by an amplitude or phase mask at the fiber end, enabling precise tissue manipulation and reduced bleeding.
Researchers developed a new method that characterizes biological pattern-forming systems using mathematical analysis and geometry. This approach reveals the underlying physical principles governing self-organizing molecular patterns in cells.
A new study models trade-offs in COVID-19 testing, suggesting that rapid turnaround times and frequent testing have high epidemiological value for effective surveillance. The study found that delays in diagnosing infections had a significant impact on surveillance plans, emphasizing the importance of fast results.
A new study reveals that polar climate variations can impact tropical trade winds via atmospheric and oceanic pathways. The research demonstrates that anomalous cooling in either hemisphere leads to a strengthening of the tropical trade winds.
Jefferson Lab has shipped the final new section of accelerator, called a cryomodule, for an upgrade of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The upgraded machine will accelerate electrons at superconducting temperatures to generate 1 million X-ray laser pulses per second.
A new £2 million project, Mobile Arts for Peace (MAP), aims to use art and digital technology to educate and empower young people in post-conflict countries. The four-year project will provide safe spaces for dialogue and shared problem-solving, while integrating mental health awareness and support.
Researchers induced KLF2 in dental pulp-derived stem cells to promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone growth. The study aims to reduce the occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and other bone diseases.
Researchers Alli Cramer and Stephen Katz identified two key variables: gross primary production and substrate mobility, which sort biomes by their energy flow and ocean floor movement. This new classification system sheds light on the diversity of marine environments and highlights areas where human actions may impact ecosystem function.
Scientists have discovered a 'sealing' mechanism in plant roots supported by microbes that controls nutrient intake for survival and growth. This coordination between plants and microbes is crucial for proper growth and reproduction, and could lead to the development of more resilient crops.
Researchers have discovered ultra-high piezoelectric coefficients in hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics, exceeding that of PZT by more than 3 times. The phenomenon is sensitive to strain and can be tuned to room temperature by applying a fixed strain.
Researchers have observed a one-way street for electrons in a nanomaterial, where conical intersections channel energy in a certain direction with high probability. This phenomenon has implications for the development of more efficient organic solar cell devices and potentially artificial eyes from nanostructures.
A new report outlines key considerations for using drones in conservation, including a precautionary principle, ethical rules, and minimizing wildlife disturbance. The guide provides practical case studies and drone best practices to ensure safe and responsible use of this technology.
Lance Sherry conducts research to inform FAA policy deliberations on aeromedical and emergency aircraft activity. The study aims to better understand infrastructure needs at National Plan of Integrated Airport System (NPIAS) airports.
Researchers developed a non-invasive cuff to monitor neuronal activity in babies, revealing 'extreme synchronisation' in spinal cord neurons that generate kicks. This discovery could help spot early signs of motor disorders like cerebral palsy and monitor development in babies.
Researchers at Tohoku University have successfully amplified 3D graphene's electrical properties by controlling its curvature. The study found that the motion of electrons on the 3D curvature enhances electron scattering, leading to unique electrical properties.
Researchers at FAU have developed a light-controlled molecular motor that can control catalysis reactions. The system uses visible light to trigger the release and bonding of catalysts, accelerating or decelerating desired chemical reactions.
Researchers discovered microplastics on Mount Everest, with highest concentrations near Base Camp but also found high-altitude samples below the summit. The study suggests that high-performance outdoor clothing is a major source of pollution.
A new model predicts that schools can safely remain open if community spread is low and precautions are taken, especially for children under 10. The study suggests a 40% reduction in daily social contacts in the community and 33% for teens to enable safe school reopening.
The new report projects that all world's coral reefs will experience severe bleaching annually by 2034 under the most aggressive scenarios. Coral reefs in some countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, are projected to have temporary refugia, but many will face significant exposure to annual severe bleaching conditions.
Researchers studied how convolutional neural networks respond to brightness and color visual illusions, finding that they are similarly deceived as humans. The study highlights the limitations of CNNs in mimicking human vision, revealing both similarities and differences between the two.
Researchers determined the function of IL-15L using rainbow trout, finding it stimulates type 2 immunity by inducing cytokine IL-4 and IL-13. In contrast, trout IL-15 selectively induces type 1 immunity through interferon-g expression.
Researchers studied fruit fly ovaries to understand cellular motion, discovering that tissue geometry creates a path of least resistance. The team found that cells choose central paths despite multiple side paths available, and this choice is influenced by the physical space, not just chemical signals.
A recent study has discovered a link between intestinal flora and inflammation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis. IgA B cells play a key role in this process, accumulating in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue during acute flares of the illness.
Researchers found T cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients, leading to unbalanced immune response. This imbalance may cause severe pneumonia, highlighting potential new treatment targets.
A genetic mutation in the 'coat' of a brain infection-causing virus may allow it to escape neutralizing antibodies, increasing the risk of developing a fatal brain disease. Researchers have identified this mutation in the mouse equivalent of JC polyomavirus and found that it prevents monoclonal antibodies from interacting with the virus.
Researchers at UNIGE have identified sulfur molecules that can effectively block the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 viruses by cells. The team found inhibitors up to 5,000 times more effective than existing treatments, providing a promising lead for developing new antivirals.
A research team led by Susan Bergeson has developed a new medication to treat alcohol use disorder, receiving a $7.25 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to begin testing the drug. The treatment targets neuroinflammation as a major pathway in AUD.
David T. Felson, a renowned Boston University rheumatologist, has been honored with the Lee C. Howley Prize from the Arthritis Foundation for his groundbreaking research on osteoarthritis (OA). His work has led to significant advances in understanding OA risk factors, treatments, and outcome measurement.
Simon Fraser University professors Paul Tupper and Caroline Colijn found that physical distancing reduces COVID-19 transmission in all settings. Social bubbles are more effective in high-transmission settings but less so in low-transmission settings or activities with mixing.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to quantify ChIP-seq results, eliminating the need for spike-ins and ensuring reproducibility. The sans-spike-in method defines a physical scale for sequencing results, allowing comparison between experiments.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully created biochemical random numbers using DNA synthesis, correcting a long-standing challenge in generating truly random numbers. The team achieved this by synthesizing DNA molecules with randomly placed building blocks, resulting in vast quantities of randomness that can be stored in a small ...
Researchers found that a combination of AI and human coaches can effectively train bottom- and top-ranked sales agents, improving performance. The study suggests that tailored designs for targeted agents can overcome challenges faced by different types of sales agents.
A research team led by George Mason University's Jiayang Sun is examining the impact of patient transfers between hospitals on health outcomes. The study aims to inform training and education programs for future scientists, with funding from the National Institutes of Health.
A widely used tuberculosis vaccine is associated with reduced likelihood of contracting COVID-19, according to a new study by Cedars-Sinai. The BCG vaccine was found to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the risk of coronavirus infections or severity of the disease.
Researchers studied a speck of purple pigment from an Egyptian portrait, revealing that it was likely made synthetically and mixed with clay and beeswax. The discovery sheds new light on the cultural significance of ancient portraits and their artistic techniques.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism of action by which abnormal proteins cause indirect damage to neurons, leading to dendrite defects in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases. The study identifies a problematic transcription factor called NF-κB, which becomes improperly regulated due to the presence of abnormal proteins.
A new study found that IgM and IgA antibodies decay quickly, while IgG antibody levels are maintained for at least three months after infection. The study also showed that infected healthcare workers had higher levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2 compared to asymptomatic cases.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) resolved a severe lymphatic disorder in a girl with Noonan Syndrome by targeting the SOS1 gene pathway. The treatment, an MEK inhibitor, led to a resolution of symptoms within three months and complete remodeling of her lymphatic system.
Cristiana Stan, a George Mason University researcher, has received $195,313 from NOAA to develop a coupled ensemble weather prediction system. The system aims to improve medium-range and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts by refining stochastic parameterizations and improving model coupling.
A plant species, Fritillaria delavayi, has evolved to become better camouflaged in areas with high human harvesting, increasing its survival chances. Human activity is found to be driving the evolution of camouflage in this species.
Researchers from Cornell University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered evidence of massive floods in Gale Crater, suggesting conditions for microbial life. The flooding, likely caused by a meteoritic impact, deposited unique geological structures indicating flowing water and wind on Mars.
Researchers found substantial quantities of polyester, acrylic, nylon, and polypropylene fibres in snow samples from Mount Everest. The high-altitude discovery suggests microplastics could have been transported from lower altitudes by extreme winds or fragmented during expeditions.
Scientists from the University of Groningen discovered how strontium titanium oxide can change its resistance based on changes in the number of electrons or accumulation of oxygen vacancies. This finding opens up new paths to memristive heterostructures combining ferroelectric materials and graphene.
Scientists have experimentally tested models of SARS-CoV2 RNA folding to reveal key regulatory elements. The research provides a foundation for understanding viral control and preparation for future 'SARS-CoV3' threats.
Researchers are analyzing termites to assess their role in infecting ironwood trees with a deadly bacterium, which has killed over 20% of the island's gago trees. The team is also planting new, resistant trees and studying how termites spread the disease.
Researchers have uncovered new details of human ribosome maturation, revealing a crucial step in protein synthesis. The study identifies key enzymes and proteins involved in the final trimming step, which is essential for producing functional ribosomes.
A fundamental way cells interpret signals from their environment has been revealed by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The Hippo pathway, which constrains cell division and regulates organ size, can be activated by multiple signaling inputs.
A new University of Michigan study finds that over half of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals who misuse alcohol or tobacco also have a co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Women are particularly affected, with higher rates of anxiety, mood disorders, and PTSD compared to heterosexual women.
The updated HCM guideline emphasizes shared decision-making in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It provides recommendations on evaluation and management, medical therapies, septal reduction therapies, and SCD risk assessment/prevention. The guideline aims to personalize treatment options based on patient goals and concerns.
Researchers are using neutron scattering to study how the coronavirus interacts with human cells and develop treatments that target the cell membrane. By understanding how the virus enters cells, scientists hope to create therapies that can slow down viral infection and reduce its harmful effects.
A team of researchers has developed biocompatible protocells that can generate nitric oxide gas, leading to blood vessel expansion. The synthetic cells are coated in red blood cell fragments and contain an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted into nitric oxide.
A synthetic probe offers a safe approach for visualizing chromosome tips in living cells. The probe can precisely deliver a fluorescent compound to telomeres on the tips of chromosomes, enabling researchers to understand their relevance to disease and aging. This breakthrough advances research into aging and diseases like cancer.
A study by USF Health found that resident physicians are interested in treating opioid addiction but lack the knowledge and skills to prescribe buprenorphine. The survey also revealed that only 3% of residents were currently waivered, highlighting a need for increased training and support.
Researchers analyzed data from 11 US hospitals and found that 22% of COVID-19 patients who suffered cardiac arrest could be revived. After resuscitation, 12% survived for at least a month, with survival rates similar to pre-pandemic levels among non-New York hospitals.
Scientists at University of Tokyo identify genes that give plant nucleus its shape, also regulate copper tolerance. The discovery reveals fundamental knowledge about genome regulation and points towards future methods for manipulating gene expression.
A Rutgers University study finds states use unfair 'pay-to-stay' fees to recoup incarceration costs, often through civil lawsuits and wage garnishment. The practice disproportionately affects low-income individuals and can lead to significant financial burdens upon release.
Scientists at Swansea University have developed a way to extract carbon atoms from waste plastics and turn them into carbon nanotube format for transmitting electricity. The project aims to create long-range electricity transmission materials from waste plastics, advancing global energy sustainability.
New observational study shows that certain Amazon rainforest regions increase photosynthesis in response to limited water stress, contradicting Earth system models. This discovery suggests the current models overestimate carbon losses in the Amazon rainforest due to climate change.
Indonesian wildfires are a major issue due to their impact on the environment and human health. The project aims to investigate the causes and possible solutions to these fires. Experts believe that the drivers behind the peatland fires are a combination of climatic processes, land use, and ignition by humans.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center discovered that people's brain activity and organization differ when reimagining common scenarios, leading to distinct neurological signatures. These signatures can help understand and study disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed seven Da Vinci drawings using Nanopore sequencing, finding a dominance of bacteria over fungi, with many exhibiting human or insect microbiomes. The study also identified human DNA, likely introduced by restoration workers, and correlations with geographical location.
A new study published in Science Advances found that frequent and rapid testing can be more effective than sensitive tests in curbing the spread of COVID-19. By targeting contagious individuals with stay-at-home orders, the virus could be driven towards elimination within weeks.
A commentary discusses the need to weigh scientific validity against social value in COVID-19 vaccine development, highlighting concerns about long-term efficacy and safety. Vaccination efforts could intensify debates around early deployment, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues.
A new study reveals that rare small cat species in the Indian subcontinent are insufficiently protected, with broadleaved forests and wetlands being critical habitats.
Researchers aim to fill knowledge gaps on spina bifida by setting up an international registry of patients and investigating the role of folic acid in disease risk. The grant will also fund whole genome sequencing to identify potential causes and underlying mechanisms of the disease.
A study found that pediatric CT use for abdominal pain decreased from 1.2% to 0.6% between 1997 and 2016, while adult CT use increased from 3.9% to 37.8% during the same period., Children evaluated in pediatric EDs were at lower odds of receiving CT than those in general EDs for abdominal pain with appendicitis diagnosis.
A study found that food labelling can encourage manufacturers to improve product nutrition. HSR labelling causes some products to become healthier, with positive reformulation examples including reduced fat and sodium content in instant soups and flavoured crackers.
Researchers have developed a new method for deploying CRISPR/Cas9 directly into target cells using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coated with green tea phytochemicals. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and increase safety compared to existing viral methods, which are currently the only approved methods in trial globally.
A new paper offers a framework for studying online hate and counter speech, analyzing millions of Twitter interactions. Researchers found that organized movements are more effective than individuals in countering hate speech.
A study of 1 million Danish children found that growing up in low-income families increases the risk of developing mental disorders later in life. Children born into the lowest parental income quintile had a 25.2% chance of developing a clinically diagnosed mental disorder by age 37.
Researchers developed a highly efficient and long-lasting electrocatalyst for water oxidation using cobalt, iron, and ruthenium. The single atomic alloy catalyst's surface oxygen adsorption stabilizes the catalytic intermediate, increasing overall efficiency.
The European Society of Cardiology, Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, and Asean Federation of Cardiology will present cutting-edge sessions on various aspects of cardiovascular disease. Key findings include discussions on COVID-19, acute coronary syndromes, sports cardiology, and atrial fibrillation.
Researchers found that zebra finches can distinguish between 16-56 different birds based on their unique sounds, a feat previously thought possible only for humans. The birds' ability to recognize each other's vocalizations suggests sophisticated social communication and complex mapping skills.
Researchers have found that gut immune cells express an antibody called IgA, which helps protect against harmful bacteria and may help bring flare-ups under control. This discovery opens up new lines of research for therapeutics and suggests a potential new player in managing MS symptoms.
Researchers found an inverse correlation between mumps IgG titers and COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals. Those with higher mumps antibody levels had lower disease severity, suggesting the MMR vaccine may be protective against COVID-19.
Researchers from University of Turku developed a new bioinformatics tool to predict microbial sensitivity to glyphosate. The tool classifies 80-90% of microbial species as sensitive or resistant, with 54% of human core gut bacterial species potentially affected.
A recent study has discovered a cell type that governs bone formation and maintenance, shedding light on the mechanisms behind osteoporosis. Researchers found that bone marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) play a distinct role in regulating bone remodeling, and targeting these cells could lead to more effective therapies.