A new 3D comprehensive observation network has been successfully established over the Tibetan Plateau, covering various landscapes and devices. The network aims to understand climate change impacts by monitoring water cycle intensity and variation.
The five-year grant will support research on foundational theory and real-world applications, including simulation of optical fibers, weather forecasting, and disease understanding. Postdoctoral researchers and graduate students will work with faculty mentors to develop data acumen and prepare for Ph.D. research.
Researchers at Iowa State University are developing a physics-based system using artificial intelligence to improve the cybersecurity of energy delivery systems. The 'GridDeep' project aims to prevent, detect, and mitigate attacks on renewable sources sending power to the grid.
Research on the invasive Sirex woodwasp estimates it can reproduce up to 2-3 times higher in North America than in its native range, posing a significant threat to local ecosystems. The wasp's ability to tolerate climate extremes and spread rapidly makes it a challenging insect to control.
A recent study published in BMC Public Health found that younger age, managerial position, and frequency of teleworking are associated with cyberbullying victimization. Cyberbullying was linked to increased psychological distress, insomnia, and loneliness, emphasizing the need for effective countermeasures.
A new study in the Journal of Dairy Science finds that dairy cows exposed to wildfire smoke experience reduced milk production and altered immune function. The researchers observed a decrease in milk yield for seven consecutive days during the smoke exposure period, which persisted for another seven days post-exposure.
Scientists identified proline-modified dipeptides and larger proteins that enhance umami and salty flavors in soy sauce. This discovery could help producers optimize fermentation conditions to boost desirable compounds and tailor the taste of soy sauce.
A team of researchers studied the technique of placing wet chopsticks into hot oil to gain insight into the physics behind it. They found three distinct types of bubble events: explosion cavities, elongated cavities, and oscillating cavities. These findings have potential applications in scientific fields such as acoustic sensing.
A long-term study found that bariatric surgery improves physical activity and diet quality in participants, but only a small percentage meet federal guidelines. Patients may need continued support to maintain weight loss and health benefits after surgery.
Researchers successfully integrated an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier into a compact silicon nitride photonic chip, achieving high-power output of 145 megawatts with low noise. This breakthrough addresses the limitation of insufficient output power in optical integrated circuits.
A study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia found that individuals with at least two cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease, double their risk of developing dementia. The study suggests that prevention of these diseases could be a strategy for reducing dementia risk.
Astronomers observe white dwarf star G238-44 siphoning off debris from inner and outer reaches of its planetary system, revealing insights into planetary system evolution. The study provides unique opportunity to analyze elements in planets apart and shed light on conditions of planetary formation.
A researcher at the University of Tsukuba has developed a method for producing electrically conductive polymers with helical configurations, which can convert linearly polarized light into circular polarization. This approach may lead to cheaper and more energy-efficient electronic displays.
Scientists detect a highly resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Austria, causing treatment failure with current antibiotics. The discovery highlights the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial surveillance and development of novel treatments to combat this growing public health concern.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich found that centrosome protein composition differs between cell types, leading to disease relevance. A specific protein's location is crucial for its role in neuronal diseases.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife are working on developing effective nutritional strategies to improve the health, growth, and productivity of hybrid striped bass in aquaculture, using protein substitutes like glycine and glutamate to replace fishmeal.
A new study from the University of Surrey reveals that heatwaves are making more people in rural areas of England severely ill today than they were in the 1980s. The research found that people living in southern England are seven percent more likely to die prematurely when temperatures rise significantly above 26.5 degrees Centigrade.
A previously unknown subpopulation of polar bears living in Southeast Greenland has been genetically distinct and uniquely adapted to its environment. The study provides insight into how the species might persist into the future, but highlights the need for careful extrapolation due to limited access to sea ice.
Researchers at NJIT are developing a mixed-reality system that can provide coaches with real-time statistics, facial interpretation data, and remote access to trainers. The system aims to enhance training and decision-making in team sports.
Researchers propose a new paradigm for analyzing genetic mutations that may lead to cancer after finding varying levels of heterochromatin, a key player in genomic stability. The study reveals that heterochromatin is dynamic and not stable, increasing the rate of mutation.
Researchers found that extreme droughts in the 6th century CE led to the downfall of the ancient South Arabian kingdom of Himyar. This climate instability created fertile ground for the emergence of Islam in the region, as people sought new hope and a unifying force.
The proposed Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework fails to address the totality of chemical pollutants threatening ecosystems worldwide. Researchers urge negotiators to include persistent and toxic substances like mercury and PFAS in the agreement.
Researchers studied ant brains using single cell technology, revealing functional specialization and complementary brain cell composition differences among individuals. The study found specialized neurons for learning and memory in worker ants and optic lobe cells in male ants.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba have synthesized polyaniline in various common solvents, enabling improved production and lower manufacturing costs. The discovery will facilitate versatile processing modes like inkjet printing and advance applications in printed circuit boards and other technologies.
The study examines severe adverse health conditions, outcomes, and death among pregnant women with cancer in the US. Researchers found increased risk of maternal mortality due to cancer treatment, underlying health conditions, and socioeconomic factors.
A study published in JMIR Formative Research reveals that automated analysis of a common clinical drawing task can be used to estimate cognition in older adults from Japan and the USA. Researchers found that people with lower cognitive scores had more variability in their drawing speed, angle, and time spent paused during the task.
Researchers from the University of Arizona suggest that dying stars can forge carbon nanotubes in the envelopes of dust and gas surrounding them. This process involves the spontaneous formation of carbon nanotubes, which are highly structured rod-like molecules consisting of multiple layers of carbon sheets.
Researchers use computational approach VarC to study the spatial relationships between protein variants, revealing that most cystic fibrosis patients have an unstable inner core. This understanding allows for modeling potential compounds and designing more effective drugs.
A new study from Penn State College of Medicine finds that a unique combination of drugs can activate natural killer cell immunity in mice, which may also reinvigorate T cells to attack melanoma tumors. The combination targets proteins AKT and WEE1, increasing p53 pathway activity and enhancing natural killer cell infiltration.
Researchers have pinpointed a molecular map that details the specific gene interactions controlling rice's heat tolerance. The study reveals a genetic module, dubbed thermotolerance 3 (TT3), which enhances rice's ability to withstand high temperatures and reduces yield loss caused by heat stress.
A genetically distinct population of polar bears has been discovered in Southeast Greenland, adapting to hunt year-round on freshwater ice near marine terminating glaciers. This finding provides hopeful insight into polar bear resilience in the face of a warming climate.
A UK-based research project aims to investigate the specific threats posed to female garment workers in supply chains globally. The four-year study will examine garment manufacturing in the midlands, UK, and in Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Jordan.
Researchers at Ural Federal University created a sensor to detect human saliva pH levels using a reusable, non-toxic fluorophore. The sensor can pick up small fluctuations in pH and provides accurate results in just 5-7 seconds.
Researchers found that tendons, not muscles, are the key site where increased mechanosensitivity translates to better running and jumping capabilities. High expression of the calcium-ion channel mechanoreceptor coincided with wider tendons composed of larger collagen fibrils.
Harvard researchers develop new method to extend the lifetime of organic molecules in organic aqueous flow batteries, improving their commercial viability. The approach works by periodically providing a shock to revive decomposed molecules, resulting in a net lifetime increase of up to 260 times.
A team at Portland State University is creating comics to share research findings on transportation and land development. The project aims to bridge the gap between academic research and the general public, addressing barriers such as complex language and storytelling, while showcasing the potential of visual rhetoric.
Researchers at TU Dresden have developed a method to produce high numbers of human photoreceptor cells that can incorporate into partially degenerated mouse retinas and restore daylight perception. The incorporated photoreceptors developed characteristics of normal photoreceptors and could detect daylight in mice with damaged eyesight.
A recent analysis of electronic medical records found that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were not associated with significant weight gain or loss in adults. The study, which included over 102,000 participants, suggests that these lockdowns had a minimal impact on body mass index and weight changes.
Researchers tracked shark movements near Miami's city limits, finding they spent significant time near lights and sounds. This suggests sharks may be drawn to shore by land-based activities like fish carcass discarding, potentially impacting their health and survival.
A recent study found 13 genetic variants associated with disease in cats, more common than previously thought. However, these variants are declining in frequency in breeds regularly screened for the markers.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a photonic integrated circuit based erbium-doped amplifier that generates record output power and provides high gain, matching commercial EDFAs. This breakthrough enables new applications in optical communications, LiDAR, quantum sensing, and memories.
Researchers from King's College London found that long COVID risk is less likely during the Omicron period, especially in younger age groups and after vaccination. The study analyzed data from the ZOE COVID Symptom study app and reported a 20-50% lower odds of experiencing long COVID.
During plant spermiogenesis, the number of mitochondria decreases through autophagy, resulting in a characteristic pattern. This process is distinct from animal reproduction, where organelles are removed by neighboring cells through phagocytosis.
A new study has found that invasive subtropical corals can survive and thrive in coastal Sydney, raising concerns for existing coral species. The research suggests that warming temperatures could kill off the native corals, highlighting the need to protect Australia's reefs from climate change.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute identified genes and molecular pathways that control tolerance to pathogens in frog embryos, which are also found in mammals. The study suggests that increasing tolerance to pathogens could be an effective way to prevent death and disease without exacerbating antibiotic resistance.
A 30-year study of over 1200 participants found that children with higher levels of cardio-respiratory and muscular fitness had better midlife cognitive function. Conversely, those with higher waist-to-hip ratios were at increased risk for dementia later in life.
A new framework for autonomous non-destructive testing (NDT) uses active learning to guide sampling towards damaged locations, improving damage localization with fewer samples. The framework outperforms existing methods and can be applied to various NDT techniques, enabling more efficient and reliable construction processes.
Researchers created a cyborg beetle to study insect flight, using a tiny control backpack and electrodes to stimulate muscles. The study found that the subalar muscle regulates wing rotation angle to adjust body angles and accelerations in free flight, enabling complex maneuvers.
A massive dataset from Binghamton University tracks public health government responses to COVID-19 at all levels of government worldwide. The dataset provides insights into the effectiveness of different types of government in responding to global crises.
Feminicide, a worldwide problem resulting in 87,000 intentional killings of women in 2017, has incomplete data due to undercounting and narrow legislation. Researchers using counterdata aim to enact alternative epistemological approaches centering care, memory, and justice.
A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice found that infants under 12 months who undergo oral immunotherapy have a better safety profile compared to older preschoolers. The treatment, which involves gradually increasing exposure to peanut flour, is highly effective and safe for this age group.
The study found that feral cat predation is a significant threat to the critically endangered Kangaroo Island dunnart, which has only around 500 individuals left due to habitat loss and bushfires. The research highlights the need for control of feral cat populations in areas with threatened species.
Researchers have generated molecular maps of the second week of gestation, revealing the biochemical signals that control human embryo development. This breakthrough provides a crucial reference for studying birth defects and pregnancy loss in humans.
A study found that nearly 90% of areas studied had cancer-causing dioxins and PCBs in free-range eggs exceeding EU regulatory food limits. Eggs are a major pathway for human exposure to toxic chemicals, and contaminated sites include industrial waste incinerators and plastic burning sites.
A recent study published in Aging-US reveals the crucial role of WRN in making choices between classical and alternative non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathways. The research provides new insights into progeroid syndromes, such as Werner syndrome, and their connection to aging.
An international study found that caffeine impacts what shoppers buy and how much they spend when shopping. Caffeinated individuals purchased more non-essential items and spent more money compared to those who drank decaf or water.
A recent study published in Science found that more than 90% of chronic oil slicks on the Earth's oceans are caused by human activities. The research team used satellite radar images and artificial intelligence to analyze over 560,000 images collected between 2014 and 2019.
Researchers have developed a comprehensive atlas of disease mortality, providing a resource to estimate reductions in life expectancy for various disorders. The study analyzed data from 7,378,598 people living in Denmark from 2000 to 2018 and generated a panel of epidemiological and mortality metrics.
Researchers propose a peer-to-peer system for electric vehicles to share charge while driving, reducing the need for charging stations and lowering travel times. The system uses a cloud-based control system to match vehicles in the same vicinity, allowing them to share charge en route.
Researchers at UCLA, MIT and NIH found that AI systems can mimic human understanding of words by relating their meanings through co-occurrence. The study developed a technique called 'semantic projection' to analyze the system's knowledge and found it to be more intuitive than expected.