A new study provides a roadmap for the US to reach its 50% greenhouse gas emissions reduction target by 2030, with rapid decarbonization in power and transportation sectors crucial. The study, based on six leading energy models, suggests that tripling historic carbon reductions is achievable through collaboration across all sectors.
A research team discovered that bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter bacteria survived on Mars-like conditions. The study found minor changes in the genome after reactivation on Earth, suggesting cellulose as a potential biomarker for extraterrestrial life.
A survey study examined sociodemographic factors influencing the association between neurodevelopmental disorders and bullying. The study found that certain factors, such as socioeconomic status and parental education, may modify this association.
A review of 25 trials found that synthetic cannabis products with high THC-to-CBD ratios improved chronic pain, but were associated with higher risks of adverse events. In contrast, products with comparable THC-to-CBD ratios showed few benefits in overall functioning.
A new study examines mathematical models designed to draw inferences about how evolution operates at the level of populations of organisms. The researchers conclude that such models must be constructed with care, avoiding unwarranted initial assumptions and weighing existing knowledge.
A massive analysis of data from over 700 studies revealed that genetically modified Bt corn has no negative effects on most invertebrate groups, including ladybeetles and lacewings. However, populations of Braconidae insects were reduced with Bt corn.
Research by UMBC finds that tree plantations in the tropics are degrading biodiversity hotspots, damaging ecosystems like grasslands, and encroaching on protected areas. The study reveals that up to 92% of new tree plantations were in biodiversity hotspots.
Early genetic testing and precision medicine lead to improved seizure control, enabling infants with epilepsy to leave the hospital sooner. A study at Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found a significant reduction in hospital stay time for babies with epilepsy who underwent genetic testing.
Researchers studied how predators adapt to unpredictable prey by using robotic prey that can flee in different directions. They found that predators can neutralize the benefits of unpredictability by adjusting their own behavior, and that this adaptation is crucial for prey survival.
Researchers identified distinct subpopulations of keratinocytes and changes in cellular compositions that drive disease persistence. The findings raise the possibility of targeting keratinocyte metabolism in Vitiligo treatment.
An international study uncovered a network of gastrointestinal parasite sharing among 17 wild and domestic herbivore species. The researchers found that host evolutionary history and gut type are key factors in determining parasite diversity and similarity.
A joint research team reveals a distinct developmental transition for the neural microcircuit in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), featuring dense electrical coupling and sparse chemical synapses. The study provides a solid microcircuit basis for understanding hypothalamic functions.
Researchers developed a computational model to determine optimal places for electric vehicle charging facilities and powerful stations without straining the local power grid. The model considers travel flow, user demand, and regional power infrastructure needs.
Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a cobalt-based molecule that can detect extremely subtle temperature shifts inside the body, opening up new possibilities for medical imaging and therapy. The noninvasive probe uses radiofrequency waves to read out temperature signals from the body.
A new study by University of Maryland researchers found that people in Republican counties were more likely to die from COVID-19, with nearly 73 more deaths per 100,000 people compared to Democratic counties. The disparity was due to structural and policy differences in the more conservative counties.
Researchers at UT Southwestern developed a first-of-its-kind ultrasound-guided cancer immunotherapy platform that delivers immune-stimulating agents to cells. The technology, MUSIC, was shown to significantly reduce tumor growth and produce anti-tumor memory in treated mice.
Researchers at Tohoku University have created a method to stabilize lithium or sodium depositions in rechargeable batteries, preventing degradation and short circuiting. This breakthrough paves the way for higher-energy-density metal-anode batteries with improved safety and performance.
Researchers led by Atsuo Sasaki aim to identify mechanisms behind cell movement and energy allocation in cancer cells, with potential applications beyond cancer treatment. They will use scanning ion-conductance microscopy and machine learning technology to study the role of GTP in cellular migration.
Researchers from China have developed a novel bioconjugate that can suppress the growth of K-Ras mutant pancreatic tumors. The conjugate, which targets folate receptors and macropinocytosis, was found to be highly cytotoxic and effective at suppressing tumor growth.
Researchers have developed a novel route to transform CH3Cl to acetic acid through carbonylation, achieving high selectivity and efficiency. The study proposes a reaction mechanism involving chemical adsorption, formation of acetyl groups, and hydrolysis.
A new study proposes a mathematical tool to understand the fractal structure of quark-gluon plasma, which is formed in high-energy collisions. The fractal structure explains some phenomena seen in these collisions, including particle momentum distributions that follow Tsallis statistics.
Researchers have re-evaluated chicken remains from over 600 sites worldwide, revealing that domestication occurred around 1,500 BC in Southeast Asia. Chickens were initially regarded as exotica and only later used as a food source.
Researchers use trace amounts of liquid platinum to create efficient chemical reactions at low temperatures, extending earth's reserves and offering CO2 reduction solutions. The liquid catalyst is over 1,000 times more efficient than its solid-state rival.
Scientists have discovered that oxidative stress, a process disrupting genetic code by damaging DNA, is the culprit behind inflammation's link to cancer. The study provides crucial insights into roles of inflammation and oxidative stress in certain cancers.
A team of researchers has developed a new algorithm to efficiently integrate large-scale microbiome data and identify disease-associated biomarkers. The NetMoss algorithm uses microbial interaction networks to remove batch effects and quantify topological differences, revealing biomarkers linked to multiple diseases.
The journal Violence and Gender's editorial leadership urges swift adoption of effective gun control laws to reduce firearm-related deaths. Research suggests that current laws are insufficient, and the US lags behind other countries in addressing gun violence.
UTSW scientists identify protein complexes that assemble into droplets resembling oil droplets in water, concentrating proteins and triggering an immune response. The study reveals how polyubiquitin chains, NEMO, and IKK come together to activate NF-κB and regulate immunity.
A team at the University of Tokyo discovered that syntaxin protein plays a vital role in storing memory in the nervous system, influencing the migratory behavior of nematodes. The study found that altering syntaxin can lead to reversed behavior, allowing worms to choose whether to approach or avoid salt concentrations.
A secondary analysis of the MOVe-OUT trial found molnupiravir-treated participants had a decreased need for respiratory interventions and fewer COVID-19-related acute care visits. Additionally, they showed faster normalization of biomarkers and were discharged earlier than placebo-treated patients.
Scientists construct figure-eight-shaped machines with rotary motors and polymer chains to enable measurement of mechanical work and forces. The machines twist and untwist like whirligig toys, exerting similar torque to the enzyme that produces ATP.
The Hubble Space Telescope has released the largest near-infrared image ever taken, allowing researchers to map star-forming regions and understand how the earliest galaxies originated. This high-resolution survey will enable the identification of rare objects such as massive galaxies, highly active black holes, and colliding galaxies.
A new study finds that transgender adolescents are at a significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts compared to their cisgender peers. The research suggests that targeted interventions, such as suicide prevention programs and gender-affirming care, can help reduce the burden of suicidality among this group.
The primary causes of liver cancer are changing globally, with advances in hepatitis B vaccinations and antiviral therapies reducing HBV-associated liver cancer. However, alcohol consumption and obesity are rising, leading to increased liver cancer deaths. The incidence of NASH is projected to increase further due to rising obesity rates.
A recent study published in Big Data & Society found that Democrats and Republicans in the US surveyed agree on the mathematical features of COVID-19 graphs, such as line slopes, but differ in their subjective interpretations. The researchers suggest that political affiliations may moderate how people interpret data, highlighting the i...
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine has identified an autoantibody that may cause schizophrenia in some individuals. The researchers found that this autoantibody caused schizophrenia-like behaviors and changes in the brain when injected into mice, highlighting a potential new direction for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at CMU propose a new cell delivery method using shrink-wrapped corneal endothelial cells as an alternative to cornea transplant. The technology enables rapid engraftment into intact tissues, showing promise in treating diseases such as cystic fibrosis and heart attack.
A recent study found that American Sign Language (ASL) features a copula called SELF, previously thought to be absent. Researchers tracked the evolution of SELF through historical records and social media videos, discovering a pattern termed the 'copula cycle' that spans over 150 years
A new study has found that people who believe in COVID-19 conspiracy theories are more likely to experience severe anxiety and depression. The research, published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, used a scale to measure belief in conspiracy theories and found a significant correlation with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression.
A systematic review of U.S.-based pediatric guidelines reveals frequent misuses of race that can exacerbate health disparities. The study highlights the need for more equitable and evidence-based approaches to patient care.
A new study by the POLARBEAR collaboration provides a new correction algorithm that allows for almost double the amount of reliable data on Cosmological Gravitational Waves (CGWs), produced during Inflation in the early Universe. This enhances our understanding of the signal and brings us closer to observing CGWs.
Indigenous Borneans' traditional knowledge is proven correct by genetic analysis, confirming the existence of two distinct species: lumok and pingan. The study highlights the importance of engaging with Indigenous knowledge for a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity.
A new study warns that the Red-billed Leiothrix, a loud and brightly coloured bird from subtropical Asia, could become established in Britain, altering the country's dawn chorus. The species has already been spotted in several parts of Europe and is kept as a cage bird, potentially leading to its escape into the wild.
Researchers have identified glycans in mucus that can prevent Candida albicans from causing infection. These molecules can be used to develop new antifungal medicines or make disease-causing fungus more susceptible to existing drugs.
ERX-41 effectively kills various cancer types, including triple-negative breast cancer, by exploiting a previously unexploited vulnerability. The compound targets endoplasmic reticulum stress and increases protein folding errors, leading to cancer cell death, offering new hope for treating these aggressive cancers.
Researchers at NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Xiamen University have developed a novel nanovaccine that achieves complete clearance of solid tumors and induces long-lasting immune memory. The vaccine stimulates anti-tumor immunity by presenting antigens in a way that traditional vaccines cannot.
Research found that stimulating a specific brain circuit relieves pain and reduces defensive behaviors in rats, indicating potential physical and psychological relief. The pathway also increases reward and feeding behavior, suggesting improved emotional state.
Researchers found that tobacco hornworms can convert two plant defense substances, chlorogenic acid and HGL-DTGs, into less effective forms after ingestion. Plants adapt to their environment by selectively producing essential compounds and suppressing others, potentially avoiding mutual detoxification.
A cross-sectional study found a strong association between ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) and MRI proton-density fat fraction (PDFF), providing high sensitivity for detecting hepatic steatosis. The study showed that UDFF had an AUC of 0.90 for identifying PDFF ≥5.5%.
The US Department of Health and Human Services is establishing an Office of Environmental Justice to tackle environmental injustice and promote health equity. The new office will focus on improving wellbeing in underserved communities disproportionately affected by pollution and industrial development.
Researchers at NC State University developed a proposed new textile-based filter that combines cotton fabric and an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase to separate carbon dioxide from air and gas mixtures. The filter showed promising results, capturing up to 81.7% of CO2 with a double-stacked filter.
A new study suggests that added-sugar warnings with icons and text can effectively inform consumers about high-sugar menu items. The researchers found that 80% of participants supported the use of these labels on restaurant menus, indicating a potential solution to address excessive sugar in food supply.
Scientists create genetically engineered mouse model that changes color in response to light, allowing them to isolate background noise from blood flow and enhance imaging techniques. This breakthrough enables researchers to observe internal physiology with unprecedented accuracy, paving the way for new treatments and therapies.
A University at Buffalo study found COVID-19 accounted for 62% of duty-related law enforcement deaths in 2020. The majority of deaths were among men over 50 with more than 20 years of service, highlighting the added danger faced by law enforcement during the pandemic.
Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences have identified a genetic variation that may indicate increased susceptibility to stomach cancer. The study focused on the molecular pathways controlling immune cell response to H. pylori infection, specifically toll-like receptor 9.
A team of researchers created simulations that directly recreate the full life cycle of massive galaxy protoclusters 11 billion years ago. They were able to identify five new structures and disfavor one, providing insights into the standard model of cosmology.
The proposed ban on menthol cigarettes aims to address health inequities in the Black community. The Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies has found a strong link between menthol use and higher smoking rates among young people and reduced success in quitting.
A large international study found that 31.4% of adolescents in 13 European and Asian countries reported feeling unsafe at school. The study highlighted the need for strategies to provide educational environments where all students can feel protected, regardless of their background.
A groundbreaking cognitive science study at Stevens Institute of Technology shows how rare digital collectibles, like NFTs, can lose their value over time due to distorted information landscapes. Researchers found that a focus on rarity can become self-defeating, leading collectors to assign less value to unique features.
Researchers at UTA and international collaborators have discovered the regulatory architecture that drives snake venom expression, shedding light on the evolution of complex traits. The study provides a detailed explanation of how snakes developed specialized venom glands to produce diverse deadly proteins.
African Americans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to experience flare-ups due to inadequate sleep, which may boost their risk by up to 95%. The study, published on June 6, 2022, suggests that poor sleep quality may partially explain why African American patients tend to fare worse than white patients. ...