A study of fossilized bones from Brazilian species found that hollow bones with air sacs enabled dinosaurs and pterosaurs to become larger, as they circulated more oxygen and stayed cooler. This trait evolved independently in different groups, including sauropods, herrerasaurids, and birds.
A recent experiment by UC Riverside astrophysicist Stephen Kane demonstrates that a terrestrial planet in this location would have disastrous effects on the solar system. The simulation found that such a planet could destabilize Earth's orbit, making it far less habitable and potentially ejecting Mercury and Venus from the solar system.
Contracting a lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood is associated with a higher risk of dying from respiratory disease as an adult. Children who had a LRTI by age two were almost twice as likely to die prematurely in adulthood.
A Chinese research team developed a silver-modified polyoxometalate photocatalyst that simultaneously cleaves carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds under visible light, unlocking new avenues for sustainable chemicals. The compound can be reused up to six times without loss of activity.
Scientists have developed a conductive polymer coating called HOS-PFM that can significantly enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The coating ensures battery stability and high charge/discharge rates while extending battery life by up to 15 years.
A new study found that poor sleep is associated with compromised cardiovascular health in middle and old age, with men losing nearly 7 years of heart disease-free life compared to healthy sleepers. Women also experienced a significant loss of normal heart health, with up to 2 years lost due to general poor sleep.
The Geological Society of America's joint meeting explores key issues in eastern US geology, including sea-level rise and climate change. The event also features field trips and short courses on topics like stormwater management and luminescence dating.
Researchers found smart senior towns scored higher on every quality-of-life dimension compared to vulnerable senior towns, citing better medical services, shopping options, housing, child services, and entertainment venues. Small towns with a larger population tend to support more resources for community foundations and local services.
A global study aims to better understand the burden of Human papillomavirus (HPV) among girls and women in low- and lower middle-income countries. The study will inform effective strategies to prevent infection and introduce HPV vaccine into national programs, protecting the health of girls and women and reducing rates of cervical cancer.
A new study published in The Lancet found that contracting a respiratory infection in early childhood is associated with a higher risk of dying from respiratory disease as an adult. Children who had a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) before the age of two were 93% more likely to die prematurely from respiratory disease, account...
Researchers have developed novel biomimetic polypeptides that activate M1-like macrophages, a type of immune cell involved in fighting cancer. The new immunomodulators, known as BMPPs, exhibit excellent biocompatibility and efficacy, making them a promising tool for cancer therapy.
A US FDA mandate to limit acetaminophen dosage in pills combining it with opioids significantly reduced hospitalizations and acute liver failure cases. Researchers found a persistent decline in yearly rates of these cases after the mandate was implemented in 2014.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology annual meeting will explore cutting-edge approaches in biochemistry and molecular biology. Leading experts will discuss the latest discoveries and advancements in fields such as AI, RNA regulation, and carbohydrates in health and disease.
Researchers found that angel care and embalming can effectively prevent virus transmission, allowing family members to say goodbye. The study provides evidence for national guidelines to address emotional distress caused by COVID-19 restrictions on cremation practices.
A new study found that consumers prefer conventional spelling over unconventional ones for brand names. In various studies, participants showed less positive responses to brands with misspelled names, perceiving them as less sincere and more gimmicky. Established brands may still benefit from non-standard spellings in certain contexts.
Women with clogged leg arteries are more likely to be misdiagnosed or undertreated due to biological, clinical, and societal factors. The condition is often asymptomatic or presents with atypical symptoms, making diagnosis challenging.
Reducing mRNA methylation promotes migration of macrophages into the brain and clearance of toxic protein amyloid-beta. This pathway provides a potential new target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
A new study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that genetic and socioeconomic factors interact to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study's findings suggest that interventions to improve socioeconomic deprivation may decrease metabolic diseases at the individual and community levels.
A new study finds that releasing captive-bred native fish into the wild negatively impacts entire ecosystems, disrupting delicate balances and leading to reduced genetic diversity. The practice, which has been used for over a century, may be doing more harm than good.
A study from the University of Georgia found that whistleblowers who once trusted journalism are now losing faith due to a decline in media's ability to motivate change. The erosion of media's reach has led to a decrease in trust, with many whistleblowers seeking alternative mediums to spread their message.
Machine learning models can automatically detect individual heads on grain crops in images taken from drones, providing a simpler alternative to manual counting. The study provides a detailed pipeline outlining the use of these models, covering data preparation, model validation, inference, and yield-specific metrics.
A study by Kumamoto University researchers reveals LSD1's role in regulating skeletal muscle response to environmental stress. The findings suggest that LSD1 moderates muscle adaptation to environmental conditions, with potential implications for maintaining muscle health and preventing diseases such as sarcopenia.
A new study reveals that fluorinated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic containers can leach PFAS into food, particularly when exposed to temperature changes. The research highlights the potential for significant exposure to hazardous chemicals linked to various health issues.
Researchers found that the heart influences our sense of time, causing it to stretch or shrink with each heartbeat. The study used electrocardiography to measure heart activity and showed that temporal wrinkles in time perception are synchronized with heartbeats.
Researchers found that current anti-predator gear can reduce clam mortality by four- to tenfold, with double-layered treatments showing the highest survival rates. However, rays were still capable of interacting with the gear for prolonged periods, potentially diverting them from other natural habitats.
Soil bacteria have been used to produce prodrugs by selectively epoxidating indole and indene. This breakthrough enables the sustainable biocatalysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients with high purity.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University found that physical activity and pelvic floor exercises can effectively increase latency time in men with premature ejaculation. The research suggests exercise as a promising non-pharmacological treatment option, potentially reducing the reliance on drugs with side effects.
A new method devised by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Moussa N'Gom enables effective free-space optical communication between satellites and the ground, unaffected by rain and clouds. The ultrafast lasers create a long filament of light that clears space for visible light transmission.
A new study found that increased consumption of live dietary microbes is linked to better health outcomes, including lower waist circumference and body mass index. The research suggests that a higher intake of fermented foods, raw fruits, and vegetables may support immune function and increase the diversity of microbes in the gut.
A new study analyzing household transmission data found that the top 20% of infected individuals cause three times more infections than the average person, highlighting individual differences in infectiousness.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that bumblebees acquire new behaviors through social learning, with observed bees consistently choosing the taught method over an alternative option. This suggests that social learning may have driven the evolution of complex behaviors in these insects.
A Cambridge study suggests that hunter-gatherer childhoods may hold the key to improving education and wellbeing in developed countries. The research highlights the importance of physical contact, non-parental caregivers, and children providing care, which are often lacking in modern societies.
A new collaborative project led by the University of Liverpool aims to investigate the Gulf Stream's role in transporting nutrients and carbon, and its effect on the ocean's carbon uptake. The four-year programme will use cutting-edge sensors and models to better understand how the Gulf Stream influences climate change.
Researchers from Pusan National University studied compound extreme weather events in northern East Asia and found that a lack of soil moisture led to increased evaporative stress, amplifying heatwaves and triggering compound droughts and heatwaves. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for societal safety.
A study published in the European Journal of Pediatrics found that infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty perceiving audio-visual synchrony, a skill typically developed by typically developing children. This finding suggests that an audio-visual test could be used to diagnose ASD earlier than current methods.
A new study by ICM-CSIC unveils the structure beneath Mexico's Jalisco-Colima continental margin, revealing large oceanic ridges that subduct beneath the North American plate. This discovery helps explain the high seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the region.
Experts warn that clearer messaging on gambling harm is needed, citing the lack of impact from the widely used 'Take Time to Think' slogan. A study found no significant change in people's betting behavior, including time spent gambling and amounts bet.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine are collaborating with NASA to send human heart tissue into space to monitor its changes in low-gravity conditions. The mission will test the impact of long-duration spaceflights on heart muscle cells, potentially informing age-related cardiac problems treatments.
Researchers developed a new muffin recipe using Hibiscus sabdariffa extract, which provides high levels of antioxidants like phenolics. The muffins also have improved nutrition, containing less sugar, saturated fat, and white flour, making them a healthier option.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that individuals who synchronize their pupil dilation patterns to a simple rhythmic beat also exhibit higher levels of synchrony with other minds, such as attending to the same story. This suggests an underlying mechanism uniting different forms of synchrony.
Stefano Pierini proposes a new paradigm to simplify the verification of the Milankovitch hypothesis, combining physics concepts to link orbital parameters and glacial cycles. The deterministic excitation paradigm correctly predicts the timing of recent glacial terminations, offering insights into climate predictability.
A new study led by Yale School of the Environment researchers examines the application of machine learning in the sustainable development of biomass. The study found that machine learning has not been applied across the entire life cycle of biomass-derived materials (BDM), limiting its ability to advance research and development.
New research reveals that gender targets in the Australian public service do not lead to expected improvements in gender equity for women in leadership. The study suggests that effective policies, such as having at least two women on shortlists and leadership training, are crucial to increasing female representation in senior roles.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has selected Cleveland Clinic for a nationwide initiative to improve how healthcare systems translate research findings to clinical practice. The initiative aims to reduce the time it takes to move discovery in research to new treatments, with an estimated lag of 17 years.
A new study led by OHSU researchers reveals that gene editing technology in human embryos can lead to unintended changes in the genome and may not accurately reflect gene edits. The study highlights the need for caution when using genetically edited embryos to establish pregnancies.
Scientists from the University of Groningen develop complex oxide devices for energy-efficient computing, including magneto-electric spin-orbit and memristive devices. These materials have potential applications in novel computing architectures, such as random number generators.
Researchers have identified a biomarker that can select breast cancer patients who may benefit from denosumab treatment. The study found that tumors with high RANK protein expression are associated with poor prognosis and response to chemotherapy, suggesting that denosumab may be effective in hormone-receptor negative tumors.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine found that the FDA's mandate to limit opioid-acetaminophen combinations resulted in significant reductions in liver injuries. The mandate, implemented in 2014, limited the dosage of acetaminophen in these drugs, leading to a decline in hospitalizations and acute liver failure cases.
A review highlights the impact of paternal diet, nutrition, and lifestyle on future generations, with strong evidence suggesting a western diet leads to imbalances in nutrient intake. Advanced paternal age is linked to genetic, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders in offspring, emphasizing the need for men's healthcare.
The team creates software and hardware for a 4D printer that can control shape-changing materials in response to external magnetic fields or mechanical deformation. This technology enables the design of soft robots, smart sensors, and substrates with self-healing capabilities.
A recent study by Kobe University researchers discovered that a leafless epiphytic orchid can conduct sophisticated photosynthesis through its roots, similar to leaves. The discovery reveals that the plant's roots carry out photosynthesis in a crassulacean acid metabolism manner.
The study estimates that up to 40% of current carbon dioxide emissions come from the dissolution of calcite in rocks, while 60-80% originates from underground magma. Researchers aim to provide a tool for better discriminating between magmatic and non-magmatic CO2 sources.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have developed a blood test for anxiety that can help identify biomarkers associated with the disorder. The test has been validated by three independent cohorts and shows promise in matching patients to effective treatments, such as medications and nutraceuticals.
A new study highlights the importance of grassroots data collection in reducing bird-window collisions, which kill an estimated 365 million to nearly one billion birds annually. The study emphasizes the need for better data collection methods and increased funding to support citizen science efforts.
A West Virginia University study found that patients treated for motor vehicle collision injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic used more drugs, including cannabinoids, opioids, and stimulants. The study suggests public health interventions may be needed to curb this behavior in rural areas.
Researchers developed a model to predict how locally tailored pandemic control measures can halt disease transmission and reduce societal burden. The study suggests that targeted interventions in subnational regions could have been just as effective as national lockdowns, resulting in fewer hospital admissions.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame reveals that consumers are less likely to support brands with unconventional spellings, compared to those using conventional spellings. The research found that unique spellings can lead to a perception of a brand as less sincere, but sincere naming origins can mitigate this effect.
The study estimates that tap water scald burns result in significant healthcare costs, with average costs of $572 per emergency department visit and $28,431 per hospital stay. Thermostatic mixing valves could reduce the risk of these burns by mixing hot water with cold water.
The study reveals a significant increase in the rural-urban telemedicine divide at VA health care sites following the COVID-19 pandemic. This disparity may be attributed to disparities in structural capacity, such as internet bandwidth, and technology adoption among rural users.
A new drug called CADD522 blocks a gene associated with driving bone cancer's spread, increasing survival rates by 50% in mice implanted with human bone cancer. The breakthrough treatment shows promise in all main bone cancer subtypes and has the potential to save lives and reduce disability.
The Center for C. elegans Anatomy is receiving $2.6 million in funding from the NIH to expand WormAtlas, a resource for researchers studying C. elegans and other nematodes. The expansion aims to incorporate new nematode species into the atlas, enabling comparisons between C. elegans and less-studied species.
A Penn State-led research team developed a flat, pancake-sized metalens telescope that can capture clear images of distant objects, including the lunar surface. The innovation uses deep ultraviolet photolithography to produce larger pattern sizes and reduces manufacturing costs.
Researchers found that FABP5 is linked to more aggressive disease and poorer survival in multiple myeloma. Patients with higher FABP5 expression had significantly shorter time to disease progression and overall survival.
Researchers have reviewed novel porous materials called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for their potential to advance metal-air batteries. These frameworks exhibit unique molecular structures that enable high porosity with uniform distribution of catalytic sites, making reactions more predictable.
Researchers at Columbia University are developing algorithms that enable robots to understand object permanence and learn from 3D information. This allows robots to track objects and humans as they move around, improving their perception capabilities in indoor environments.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich discovered a new protein called Cited1 that plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and sensitivity to satiety hormones. The study found that females are better protected against obesity due to their higher levels of estrogens, which regulate energy metabolism through the hypothalamus.
Researchers at UNIGE discovered that seeds have an internal thermometer-like mechanism to delay or block germination if temperatures are too high. This mechanism is implemented by the endosperm tissue, which controls germination and seedling growth.
Researchers found that COVID-19 infections are linked to an increased risk of developing liver problems, acute pancreatitis, and other GI disorders. The study analyzed over 14 million medical records and estimated that SARS-CoV-2 infections have contributed to over 6 million new cases of GI disorders in the US.
Researchers detected and targeted a type of childhood leukemia that becomes resistant to treatment by focusing on a process called splicing. The study suggests a new approach to detecting and targeting therapy-resistant leukemia stem cells, offering hope for improved treatments.
A new study from the University of East Anglia finds that most people migrate short distances within their own country to adapt to climate change. The research reveals that everyday mobility is a crucial aspect of managing different shocks and stresses, including increasing climate variability.
A new study found that mussels, considered ecosystem engineers, play a critical role in protecting coastal systems from sea-level rise. They contribute to marsh accretion through sediment deposition, helping these ecosystems persist in the face of climate change.
A study by Simon Fraser University researchers highlights the need for expanded bereavement support services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey found that restrictions and isolation increased the risk of developing Prolonged Grief Disorder, with feelings of guilt being a significant contributing factor.
Researchers found that newborn chicks prefer stimuli moving upward against gravity, even without prior experience. This innate preference suggests that animals are born with a predisposed knowledge of sensitivity to simple features guiding behavior from birth.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that the dissolution of bubbles in high-latitude oceans is a dominant pathway for gases like oxygen and nitrogen to enter the deep ocean. This improved understanding can help improve the accuracy of climate models, which are crucial for predicting changes in the ocean's carbon dioxide inventory.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found that imagining a recent meal as bigger and more filling can help reduce subsequent snacking. Participants who imagined their meal as twice as big consumed significantly fewer biscuits in a taste test.
Mutant mice lacking FADS1/2 genes exhibit bipolar swings in behavior, featuring phases of abnormally low activity and hyperactivity. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and a mood stabilizer reverse behavioral changes, suggesting these mice as a valuable model for studying BD.
A study reveals that plant roots are crucial for belowground life in the tropics, supporting decomposition and soil health. Removing living roots decreases animal abundance by 42% in rainforest plots and 30% in plantations.
Researchers found no significant changes in defensive capacity of blood cells and aggregation processes after parabolic flight. The study aimed to investigate the effects of microgravity on the human immune system with short-term exposure.
A new algorithm predicts female patients are at higher risk for kidney damage after aneurysm repair, with those having reduced glomerular filtration rate facing a 4.7 times increased risk. The algorithm could help identify patients at risk and optimize them before surgery.
Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) have observed quasiparticles in a classical system made of microparticles driven by viscous flow. The hydrodynamic forces among the particles create pair excitations that propagate through the crystal, stimulating the creation of new pairs.
A recent study of 24,000 participants aged 45 or older found a significant independent association between perceived stress and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment. The study's findings highlight the need for regular screening and targeted interventions to address stress in older adults.
Researchers developed a new method to distinguish current carriers in the BCS-BEC crossover, a phase transition between superfluids and superconductors. The team measured fluctuations of currents, quantified as the Fano factor, which can identify single-particle- and pair-currents.
Archaeologists found that potters across the Wari empire used the same black pigment, suggesting imperial control. The shift to manganese-based recipes implies 'quality control' and symbolic meaning behind the color black.
Researchers found that suppressing AMPKα1 but not AMPKα2 isoforms improved aging-related impairments in mice. The study revealed novel insights into the roles of AMPK signaling pathway in cognitive aging.
Researchers discovered a mechanism involving ribosomes that enables the heart to toggle between a regular maintenance mode and an energy-boost mode. This finding provides clues for developing medicines targeting specific ribosomes to treat cardiovascular disease.
A hormone called FGF21 protects mice from ethanol-induced loss of balance and righting reflex by activating a specific part of the brain that controls alertness. The study reveals that higher FGF21 concentrations can dramatically accelerate recovery from intoxication.
The UCF Advanced Air Mobility Conference aims to generate knowledge on the significance and feasibility of AAM, exploring law's impact on its development and potential benefits for urban mobility. Researchers will discuss issues such as property law, jurisdiction, safety, and social equity.
Research suggests that females are more prone to salt sensitivity, leading to higher blood pressure, particularly after menopause. Salt sensitivity affects about half of hypertension cases and is often linked to treatment-resistant hypertension.
A new review found that spinal cord stimulation is no better than a placebo for treating low back pain, with probably little to no benefit for people with the condition. The review also highlighted gaps in clinical data and called for future trials to be longer and more comprehensive.
New research from Harvard Medical School reveals that female mice display more consistent exploratory behavior despite hormonal fluctuations. This finding highlights the importance of including both sexes in neuroscience experiments to gain a deeper understanding of the brain and its functions.
Researchers develop a novel combination therapy using mitoxantrone and vancomycin to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) infections. The therapy stimulates the host immune system, accelerating wound healing and killing bacteria more effectively.
A recent landmark study found that women of color experience invisibility in traditionally white and male professions, with four distinct forms of invisibility identified. The study also reveals how different social power levels influence responses to invisibility, ranging from withdrawal to approach or pragmatic tactics.
A study by Revathy Parameswaran and colleagues compared ground motion and magnitude estimates from satellite and seismic records for the 2021 Chignik earthquake. The researchers found that GNSS and strong-motion acceleration seismic data can be used interchangeably or jointly for rapid magnitude or ground motion estimation.
Research from Penn State found that self-monitoring physical activity through smartwatches leads to increased motivation and activity levels. Participants who received prompts to report their activity took hundreds more steps in a given day compared to those who didn't receive such prompts.
Researchers discovered that fruit flies have distinct hunger drives, one driven by need and the other by pleasure, which arise from unique neural mechanisms. The study found that hungry flies increase feeding event duration and total events, and identified specific brain regions activated by pleasurable food environments.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discovered that chronically low oxygen levels, similar to those experienced at high elevation, rewire how mice burn sugars and fats. The study found lasting changes in metabolism, including lower blood glucose levels and body weight, which mirror what has been seen in humans who live at high altitude.
Research suggests that wildfires need to fall within a narrow severity range to improve forest health. The study found that moderate severity fires are most effective at reducing community and ecosystem risk, but even these may not be enough to restore species composition. Land managers can use the predicted post-fire conditions to inf...
The University of Houston researchers have developed a new test that uses glow-in-the-dark materials to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of at-home COVID-19 tests. The test, which can detect COVID-19 proteins more efficiently, has shown excellent results compared to commercial tests.
A study found that urbanization favors winged insects over web-builders, with flies and spiders increasing in urban areas while web-building spiders decrease. This suggests an advantage of winged arthropods in cities due to their ability to move between isolated green spaces.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new 'camera' that can see atomic structures in real-time, revealing the dynamic disorder of materials. This breakthrough enables better understanding of thermoelectric devices and waste heat conversion, leading to more efficient sustainable energy applications.
A new study by Oregon State University researchers found that people recently released from prison in Oregon are at a higher risk of opioid overdose, with a rate of 1,086 per 100,000 person years, exceeding the general public rate by 10 times.
A new scheme uses double-layer deep reinforcement learning to optimize network resources in full-duplex cell-free MIMO systems. This approach adapts to changing demands and environmental changes, improving system performance and user customization.
A study published in Radiology found that an AI tool can accurately identify normal and abnormal chest X-rays with a high degree of sensitivity. The tool identified abnormal chest X-rays with a 99.1% sensitivity rate, outperforming clinical board-certified radiologists.
Researchers have discovered that high-grade glioma brain tumors have LDL receptors, which could be targeted by drugs already in development. The study's findings pave the way for using nanoparticle-based therapies to starve the tumors of energy and cause disruptions to their growth and spread.
A new study from George Mason University College of Public Health found that mental health symptoms worsened in Black youth who interacted with the juvenile justice system during transition to adulthood. Connectedness, particularly to family and community, was a protective factor against declining mental health.
Researchers developed a blood test to detect residual leukemia in AML patients before bone marrow transplant, showing that those with persistent mutations had higher risks of relapse and lower survival rates. The study supports ongoing research on precision medicine and personalized post-transplant care.
Researchers found that bumblebee colonies adopt and prefer specific solution methods to a puzzle box problem, demonstrating the importance of social learning. The study suggests that bees with prior experience can teach others, leading to the spread of behavioral approaches within the colony.