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Science News Archive 2024 - Page 39


Page 39 of 484

In “world’s bonobo stronghold” rangers and pristine forest sustain a stable population

Scientists conducted a 20-year study in Salonga National Park to estimate the bonobo population, finding 8,000-18,000 adult bonobos. The research highlights the effectiveness of park rangers and specific factors such as primary forest cover and cultural practices in conserving the endangered species.

SourceMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior·JournalInternational Journal of Primatology·TypeObservational study·DateDec 2, 2024

Reveals the regional differences in Earth upper atmosphere response to the May 2024 superstorm

Researchers analyzed ground-based and satellite observations to study the impact of thermospheric composition, density, temperature, and dynamic processes on ionospheric behavior during the superstorm. Markedly different features occurred in the ionosphere between northern and southern hemispheres across American and Asian sectors.

SourceBeijing Zhongke Journal Publising Co. Ltd.·JournalEarth and Planetary Physics·DateDec 2, 2024

A new biomarker helps detect kidney fibrosis in transplant patients without invasive procedures

Researchers have identified a simpler and more accessible alternative to diagnosing kidney fibrosis in transplant patients: measuring vitronectin levels in urine. The study found that vitronectin levels were significantly higher in patients with fibrosis, and combining this measurement with traditional urine tests improved accuracy.

SourceGermans Trias i Pujol Research Institute·JournalJournal of Translational Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateDec 2, 2024

All people are unique – also in the gut

A new study found that changes in the gut environment influence the composition and activity of gut bacteria. The study involved swallowing a capsule with pH sensors through breakfast, revealing unique gut environments and travel times among individuals. This may help explain individual differences in digestion, nutrient uptake, and bo...

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - Faculty of Science·JournalNature Microbiology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateDec 2, 2024

Illinois researchers examine teens’ use of generative AI, safety concerns

Researchers found that teenagers use generative artificial intelligence for emotional support, social interactions, and academic purposes. However, they also reported significant misconceptions about generative AI among parents and children. Parents had little to no understanding of their children's use of GAI, and they viewed AI as a ...

New 3D printing approach means better biomedical, energy, robotics devices

Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new 3D printing technique that allows for the creation of shape-changing materials with muscle-like properties. These materials can crawl, fold, and snap directly after printing, enabling their use in implantable medical devices, soft robotics, and energy storage applications.

SourceOregon State University·JournalAdvanced Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 1, 2024

Implementing ancient agricultural practices to confront modern-day challenges of water scarcity and food insecurity

A new study suggests that innovative water-harvesting and soil-enrichment technologies from the early Islamic period can address contemporary agricultural challenges. Traditional agroecosystems, such as Plot-and-Berm systems, provide a model for long-term water security and sustainable agriculture in arid regions.

SourceBar-Ilan University·JournalEnvironmental Archaeology·DateDec 1, 2024

Bendable electronic parts heat up by themselves like “heat pack” and lower the manufacturing temperature barrier!

Scientists at DGIST have created a technology to manufacture high-performance liquid process-based electronic parts at lower temperatures than before. This innovation harnesses the 'heat of combustion' generated in materials, enabling the production of robust yet flexible electronic components for wearable devices and smart products.

Exploring sea buckthorn polysaccharides for next-generation skincare applications

Researchers isolated three purified polysaccharide fractions from sea buckthorn and found them to have good thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and reducing capabilities. The polysaccharides outperformed vitamin C in eliminating free radicals, making them promising for application in functional cosmetics.

SourceKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.·JournalJournal of Dermatologic Science and Cosmetic Technology·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 1, 2024

Which AI model best deciphers medical information?

Most medical large language models offer little better than guesses when it comes to interpreting medical information. ChatGPT-4 achieved the best performance, but its accuracy remained insufficient for some medical code questions. The study highlights the need for broader clinical language in models and caution in their widespread use.

SourceBen-Gurion University of the Negev·JournalComputers in Biology and Medicine·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateDec 1, 2024

VUMC and Philips landmark emissions assessment of a radiology department published in premier industry journal

A seminal life cycle assessment (LCA) study found that diagnostic services generate the equivalent of nearly 1,100 gas-powered cars annually, with CT scans accounting for the majority of GHG emissions. The team identified areas to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions without compromising patient care.

Artificial photosynthesis learned from nature! Successfully developed new solar hydrogen production technology

Professor Chiyoung Park's team created a supramolecular photocatalyst that converts sunlight into chemical energy, producing hydrogen. The system was combined with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to produce ascorbic acid into hydrogen continuously under sunlight. This technology has the potential to provide sustainable energy solutions.

SourceDGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology)·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateDec 1, 2024

Warming temperatures may shrink wetland carbon sinks

A global study using teabags to measure carbon release from soil in wetlands found that warmer temperatures led to increased decay of organic matter, reducing carbon preservation. Freshwater and tidal marshes showed the highest potential for carbon storage.

SourceRMIT University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·TypeObservational study·DateDec 1, 2024

Planetary boundaries: Confronting the global crisis of land degradation; Potsdam institute report opens UNCCD COP 16

The report charts a course correction for how the world grows food and uses land, highlighting the central role of land in maintaining Earth's stability. Land degradation is undermining the planet's capacity to support humanity, with seven out of nine planetary boundaries negatively impacted by unsustainable land use.

Deadly diets driving digestive diseases

Researchers urge people to improve their eating habits to reduce the risk of bowel cancer, citing evidence that high-fibre foods promote healthy gut bacteria. Studies found a link between poor diet choices and digestive cancers, highlighting the importance of diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes.

SourceFlinders University·JournalEuropean Journal of Nutrition·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 1, 2024

School segregation widens racial achievement gaps among Black, White and Hispanic students

New sociological research finds that school segregation continues to widen racial achievement gaps among Black, Hispanic, and White students in US public schools. The study concludes that racial segregation is harmful as it concentrates minority students in high-poverty schools, limiting economic and social mobility.

SourceAmerican Sociological Association·JournalAmerican Sociological Review·DateDec 1, 2024

USTC observes higher-order and fractional DTCs in floquet-driven Rydberg atomic gases

Researchers at USTC observe higher-order and fractional discrete time crystals in floquet-driven Rydberg atomic dissipative systems, exhibiting robustness against perturbations. The team identifies phase transitions between adjacent integer DTCs and discovers fractional DTCs with stability against perturbations.

SourceUniversity of Science and Technology of China·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 30, 2024

Harnessing multi-element perovskites as catalysts for selective oxidation of light alkanes

Researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo successfully developed a multi-element perovskite catalyst that selectively oxidizes light alkanes to alcohols with high yield and selectivity. The breakthrough catalyst operates under mild conditions and exhibits excellent stability and reusability.

SourceInstitute of Science Tokyo·JournalACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 29, 2024

Speaking up and feeling empowered?

A new study by Shereen Fatimah and colleagues suggests that employees who speak up with improvement-oriented ideas (promotive voice) boost their sense of power, while those who focus on problems (prohibitive voice) deflate it. The research highlights the importance of framing issues in a positive tone to exert influence.

SourceSingapore Management University·JournalJournal of Applied Psychology·DateNov 29, 2024

Re­cent stud­ies high­light the pos­i­tive im­pacts of artis­tic and cul­tural ac­tiv­i­ties on phys­i­cal and men­tal health

Researchers at the University of the Arts Helsinki found that art and cultural activities support social factors, foster a sense of belonging, and improve stress management. Engagement in creative activities positively impacts well-being across all age groups, from newborns to the elderly.

SourceUniversity of the Arts Helsinki·TypeSystematic review·DateNov 29, 2024

Curbing plastics pollution could help reduce global burden of breast cancer

A new study suggests that addressing plastic pollution could play a critical role in lowering breast cancer rates. Researchers identified nearly half of the chemicals linked to breast cancer risk as being used in plastics, including 175 potential carcinogens that should be prioritized for regulatory action.

SourceSilent Spring Institute·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 29, 2024