Researchers leveraged a large language model to classify artwork types without pre-prepared training data, achieving high accuracy. This approach enables performance comparable to conventional machine learning methods while reducing human effort and time required for data organization.
A study published in Global Change Biology found that forests with multiple tree species store significantly more carbon than those with only one species. The Sardinilla experiment in Panama revealed that mixed-species forests sequester up to 57% more carbon in aboveground tree biomass.
A review highlights the potential role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in improving early diagnosis and targeted intervention for coronary microvascular dysfunction. SNPs may influence vascular function, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, making them a key factor in disease prognosis and personalized therapy.
A new study unveiled a high-resolution SIF dataset to monitor vegetation photosynthesis during droughts, offering unprecedented insights into how plants respond to drought stress. The dataset provides continuous, high-resolution data, enhancing real-time monitoring of photosynthesis and vegetation health.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Cancer found that AI chatbots often provide inaccurate or misleading information on cancer-related topics, particularly in languages other than English. The researchers tested seven leading AI chatbots and found errors in 7 out of 294 non-English responses.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a new technology that uses photon counting detectors to capture X-ray images with multiple energy levels simultaneously. This allows for more precise 3D visualization of different tissues and contrast agents, which can improve cancer detection and other medical applications.
Researchers will investigate the interaction of fluid dynamics and Far-UVC technology to optimize its deployment in real-world settings. The project aims to make communities healthier by analyzing airflow patterns and aerosol distributions.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel method to measure PTEN gene activity, which is associated with cancer and autism. This breakthrough may lead to personalized therapeutics and earlier disease detection.
Research reveals that visceral adipose tissue's protein CX3CL1 promotes BDNF production in the brain. In aged mice, this connection falters, leading to cognitive decline. The study suggests that steroid hormones causing lipolysis promote CX3CL1 expression and that aging mice become less responsive to these hormones.
Researchers at TUM developed a new microscopy technique combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy with fluorescence microscopy, enabling high-resolution imaging of individual cells and structures down to the microscopic level. The technique has potential applications in cancer research, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.
A new model developed by researchers at the University of Barcelona accurately predicts how elite athletes move to catch a moving object just from an initial glance. The model integrates prior knowledge of gravity and physical size into visual information, allowing for precise predictions of trajectory and time until impact.
A new study funded by the National Institutes of Health found that cooling treatment for preterm infants does not reduce the risk of disability or death from oxygen loss. The study evaluated 188 preterm infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and found a higher risk of death and disability in those who received the cooling treatment.
A study at the University of Eastern Finland found that long-term unemployed individuals perceive their capabilities as weaker than the general Finnish population. The study highlights the need for tailored support strategies to address the specific needs of both men and women. Social and environmental factors play a crucial role in tr...
A novel bone marrow transplant process has been shown to be safe and curative for adults with sickle cell disease, offering a viable alternative to recent gene therapy products. The treatment, which uses a 'half-matched' donor, results in high cure rates and low side effects, making it a more accessible option for patients.
Researchers developed a novel approach using electrospun poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) membrane with autologous cells to treat oral mucositis, a painful side effect of chemotherapy. The study showed significant results, with ulcers healed completely within six days and reduced inflammation.
The University of Arizona has approved a new Bachelor of Science in Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology degree to support the AZ Healthy Tomorrow initiative. The program explores the effects of chemicals on human health and prepares students for jobs in fields like poison control, medical courier, and sanitization compliance.
The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions has published an expert consensus statement recommending two preferred alternative access techniques for transaortic valve replacement (TAVR), including transcarotid and transcaval access. The guidelines aim to improve outcomes for patients with inadequate femoral vascular ac...
Scientists discovered that specific gut cells, BEST4/CA7+ cells, regulate electrolyte and water balance in response to bacterial toxins. These cells greatly increase in number when exposed to interferon-γ, presenting a potential target for therapies.
Researchers analyzed phage-bacteria communities in children's stool samples to understand their role in type 1 diabetes development. They found dynamic changes in phage and bacterial populations, suggesting an 'arms race' between the two, but no clear link to disease risk.
A new study reviews hormones with anti-aging properties that may be used to prevent skin aging. Hormones such as melatonin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and growth hormone show promising effects on skin function and hair aging.
Researchers highlight potential of quorum sensing inhibitors to tackle Pseudomonas aeruginosa's pathogenicity and resistance. The study explores various QSIs, including small molecules derived from natural sources, which can interfere with bacterial communication systems.
Researchers discovered reflective clouds on the western hemisphere of LTT 9779 b, a rare 'ultra-hot Neptune,' creating a striking contrast to its hotter eastern side. The team's findings reveal a delicate balance between intense heat from the star and the planet's ability to redistribute energy.
A novel LASSO-derived model was developed to predict coagulation disorders after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elderly individuals. The model demonstrated good prediction performance, identifying preoperative and intraoperative variables associated with coagulation disorders.
A new study has identified two cell types with distinct biological properties that respond differently to treatment after acquiring the same mutation. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing personalized therapies and preventing aggressive forms of cancer.
CrySyst's QbC framework addresses crystallization monitoring, modeling and control using research from Purdue University. The software provides guided experiment selection, semiautomated model development and reliable solutions to reduce time and material usage.
Researchers created laser-textured metal that stops bacteria from attaching, reducing biofilm buildup and making surface cleaning easier. The technique alters water-repellent properties of the metal, a key factor impacting bacterial growth.
The Biophysical Society has selected 36 student researchers for the annual Student Research Achievement Awards. The award winners were recognized for their outstanding presentations during the poster competition at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society.
Researchers developed heteroepitaxial diamond quantum sensors with high sensitivity and accuracy for monitoring electric vehicle battery systems. The breakthrough could pave the way for widespread adoption in industries related to sustainable development.
A deep learning model, CGMformer, leverages large-scale continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to extract individual glucose dynamics. The model captures a continuous picture of glucose fluctuations, identifying patterns that may indicate early metabolic dysfunction.
A genetic predisposition to type II diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer. Metformin use has been shown to decrease the prevalence of esophageal cancer, while insulin and gliclazide have no significant association.
Researchers developed ItpCtrl-AI, a transparent AI framework that reads chest X-rays like a radiologist, providing accurate diagnoses and increasing trust in medical technology. The framework uses a gaze heat map to show the computer where to search for abnormalities and what section of the image requires less attention.
Researchers have unlocked the genetic secrets of Palmer amaranth, a weed species that makes farming harder and less profitable. The new genome analysis provides insights into the weeds' ability to detoxify common herbicides and reveals key gene families involved in non-target-site resistance.
FGF21 hormone plays a key role in regulating protein appetite, making protein-rich foods more rewarding and motivating animals to seek them out. The discovery could lead to better strategies for promoting healthy eating and understanding how the body naturally regulates protein appetite.
A new mathematical model developed at the University of Waterloo can determine a baby's overall drug exposure when their mother is taking medication, specifically Levetiracetam. The probability of negative effects on a breastfeeding infant is very low for typically prescribed doses.
InSilico Medicine achieved a preclinical milestone in its collaboration with Therasid Bioscience, optimizing AI-driven compounds targeting MASH. The team synthesized and tested approximately 40 molecules in just 4 months, identifying candidate compounds with highly satisfactory properties.
New research from the University of Surrey found that morning blue light therapy improved sleep quality and daily activity in older adults. The study, which investigated 36 adults aged 60 and over, revealed that exposure to blue-enriched light in the morning led to greater daytime activity and regular sleep patterns.
A study found that caterpillars of two species interact solely with one ant species each, secreting a sugary liquid for recognition and protection. However, switching the pairings led to aggressive attacks from ants, highlighting the specificity of these interactions.
Scientists have identified over 300 applications of PFAS and proposed 530 alternative substitutes, highlighting opportunities for industries to make safer choices. However, 83 industrial processes lack forever-chemical alternatives, presenting a gap for further research.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a molecularly functionalized biomass hydrogels system that can pull drinkable water out of thin air. The system uses a two-step molecular engineering process to convert various natural products into sorbents, which can then be heated to release clean water.
Researchers used fMRI data to predict choices made by thousands of people on crowdfunding websites, finding consistent associations in the NAcc region. This neuroforecasting technique has potential for scaling up predictions of human behavior across diverse populations.
A new study by UZH economists found that higher minimum wages lead firms to develop more automation technologies to reduce production costs. The study analyzed past labor market reforms and their impact on innovation trends, showing a 2% to 5% rise in innovation in response to a 1% wage increase.
All five subregions of Africa will breach the 1.5°C climate change threshold by 2040, even under low emission scenarios, according to a new study. The research highlights the urgent need for just transition pathways in African agriculture to enhance food security and poverty reduction while optimizing mitigation co-benefits.
A new universal photocage modification strategy based on thioketal enables real-time live cell subcellular imaging. The thioketal-based probe SiR-EDT exhibits improved dark stability and can be specifically activated by UV-visible light.
Research on treating moderate aortic valve dysfunction during rheumatic mitral valve surgery shows concomitant aortic valve surgery may improve echocardiographic outcomes. The study suggests delaying aortic valve surgery may be a viable option for patients with moderate predominant aortic regurgitation.
Large language models (LLMs) can alter sentiment in research summaries, making it difficult to accurately assess public opinion on climate change. LLMs tend to display a more neutral tone than original texts, regardless of prompts or model sophistication.
The PUNCH mission will study the solar corona and its impact on the solar wind, improving space weather forecasting capabilities. The four small spacecraft, launched by NASA's Small Explorers program, will create a virtual instrument to image the Sun's corona, revealing previously invisible phenomena.
Researchers found that functionalizing graphene sheets via plasma treatment can lead to enhanced sensitivity for specific gases, such as ammonia. The study discovered different types of defects created on the graphene sheets depending on the gas used during plasma treatment.
A team of researchers used JWST to study the exotic atmosphere of LTT 9779 b, revealing reflective clouds on its cooler western hemisphere. The planet's asymmetrical dayside reflectivity is driven by powerful winds that transport heat and cloud formation.
Researchers developed Ultra-Rapid droplet digital PCR to quickly identify genetic mutations in brain tumors, enabling accurate removal during surgery. The tool can detect small numbers of cancer cells and has the potential to become a practical tool for real-time detection during brain surgery.
Short-course corticosteroid treatment was associated with lower surgical site complications and in-hospital mortality in patients with postoperative acute lung injury following lung resection surgery. The optimal duration of corticosteroid treatment remains uncertain, highlighting the need to weigh benefits against adverse effects.
Researchers studied wild female Japanese macaques to understand their internal states. The study found that the absence of close proximity with group members during resting periods increases stress levels, while co-feeding with a related female during foraging leads to increased stress due to competition.
Researchers at HZB have produced mesoporous silicon layers with tiny pores, revealing the electronic transport mechanism. The material has great potential for applications, including thermally insulating qubits for quantum computers. Disorder plays a key role in understanding charge transport.
A recent study reveals three distinct mechanisms of recombination in photocatalytic water splitting, including over-penetration induced recombination and excess hole induced recombination. The discovery of a previously unknown slow reaction, called the 'satellite peak,' is crucial for pinpointing the rate-limiting step in water splitting.
A new study from USC Dornsife finds that LA's urban greenery absorbs up to 60% of daytime fossil fuel CO2 emissions in spring and summer, providing valuable insights into the impact of trees on air quality. The research provides data-driven insights for future planting efforts and informs the USC Urban Trees Initiative.
The study introduced an omnidirectional circular ring antenna that operates across a broad frequency range (150 MHz–600 MHz) while maintaining a low profile. The antenna features a compact design, achieving an impedance bandwidth of 12:1 and a lateral diameter of 0.19 times the wavelength.
Soil microbial diversity decreases in alpine pioneer community degradation, while ecosystem functions initially increase before declining. Fungal communities are more vulnerable to environmental changes than bacterial ones.
Researchers develop new techniques for volume electron microscopy (vEM) and cryo-electron tomography to study plant cellular processes. The project aims to unlock new possibilities for crop development with enhanced resilience, productivity, and sustainability.
A study by the University of Göttingen found that bridging structures, regional coordinators, and addressing stakeholder expectations are crucial for long-term success. The project promoted habitat connectivity and biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Researchers explore cognitive foundations of cross-species social behavior using octopus and reef fish as examples. These alliances challenge traditional views of intelligence and cooperation in the animal kingdom.
The American Heart Association and NBA players are teaming up to educate about lifesaving CPR skills, with a goal to double survival rates by 2030. With 90-second training, fans can learn Hands-Only CPR to save lives in cardiac emergencies.