Smokers who successfully quit with e-cigarettes and continue vaping may be reducing their risk of relapse. The study found that abstainers in the e-cigarette arm were less likely to relapse than those in the nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) arm.
Researchers identified two closely related enzymes competing for the same metabolic precursor, driving distinct biochemical outcomes. The study reveals a molecular mechanism controlling saponin biosynthesis and offers new targets for improving medicinal plant products. Fine-tuned regulation by transcription factors optimizes resource a...
Researchers at Mass General Brigham report preclinical efficacy and human safety data for high-dose inhaled nitric oxide as a potential antimicrobial therapy. The treatment demonstrated strong antipseudomonal effects and was safe and feasible in early human studies.
Researchers analyzed stone tools from 14 archaeological sites and found starch granules from the Four Corners Potato, supporting early domestication. The study reveals that Indigenous people intentionally cultivated and transported the tuber across the Colorado Plateau.
A study analyzing air pollutants' impact on lung cancer reveals that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of all subtypes, while NO2, O3, and SO2 are linked to non-small-cell lung cancer. No associations were found between gaseous pollutants and small-cell carcinoma.
A team of researchers from Tohoku University successfully engineered a new version of the pikromycin biosynthesis enzyme, PikAIII-M5, to control the chemical structure of macrolides. This advancement paves the way for creating novel antibiotics and more accurate predictions of naturally occurring macrolide structures.
Antimicrobial resistance is expected to kill more people than cancer by 2050 due to increasing public mistrust and delayed policy-making. Experts urge immediate global action against AMR, emphasizing the need for trust in science, transparency, and openness to address this growing threat.
A rare diagnosis of a giant solitary neurofibroma in a 13-year-old boy was successfully treated with microsurgery. The tumor's location deep within the thigh along the sciatic nerve made it challenging to diagnose and treat, but careful surgical technique and postoperative care ensured optimal outcomes.
Researchers analyzed dental calculus to determine the diet of Scythian communities, finding evidence of ruminant dairy consumption. They detected horse milk proteins in one individual's remains, challenging previous historical accounts.
Assistant Professor Nguyen's research focuses on understanding the fundamental structure of matter by studying the spin of nucleons. Her work aims to fill the gap in knowledge about neutron spin and its influence on material arrangement.
Dresden researchers have developed a system to test multiple compounds on human pancreatic organoids, identifying 54 compounds that affect pancreas development. These compounds inhibit the GSK3A/B protein and drive progenitor cells to differentiate into functional acinar cells. The ability to generate acinar organoids is valuable for s...
A new spatially explicit framework tracks water supply and allocation in protected areas, highlighting significant spatial disparities. The study recommends differentiated pricing and basin-specific responses to optimize HQWR utilization, addressing ecological sustainability and equity.
Researchers have discovered a massive cloud of gas and dust orbiting a mysterious object 3000 light-years from Earth, featuring winds of vaporized metals including iron and calcium. The cloud is gravitationally bound to the secondary object, which orbits its host star in the outer reaches of the planetary system.
Research from the University of Warwick finds that teenage girls who manage their bodies through constant dieting and exercise face heightened risks of psychological health issues. By age 20, these young women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression, highlighting the need for a broader approach to mental health support.
A UC Santa Barbara professor's lab group has developed a way to use magnetic frustration to engineer unconventional magnetic states. These states have potential relevance for quantum technologies, including long-range entanglement of spins and ferroic responses.
Researchers have developed a novel cooling method based on the 'dissolution barocaloric effect,' which offers a promising zero-carbon alternative to traditional refrigeration. The new technology achieves low carbon emissions, high cooling capacity, and high heat transfer efficiency simultaneously.
A study reveals that IgE⁺ plasmablasts are the key drivers of rapid, potent immune responses in seasonal allergies, triggering symptoms upon allergen re-exposure. By targeting these cells, new 'on-demand' treatment strategies may prevent or mitigate allergy relapse.
Researchers discovered that certain brain cells support glioblastoma growth by sending signals that strengthen the tumour. Blocking this communication slowed the cancer's growth significantly, suggesting an existing HIV medication could be repurposed to treat glioblastoma.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara found that human activity in the Amazon basin is driving an uptick in yellow fever cases. The proximity of urban areas to forests increases the risk of disease transmission, as does the growing border between forested and urban areas.
The discovery of hand stencil rock art in Sulawesi, Indonesia, dates back at least 67,800 years, pushing back the known history of human settlement in Australia. The findings support the idea that modern humans arrived in Sahul via the northern migration route, with implications for our understanding of Australian Aboriginal culture.
Researchers at the University of Oulu have developed a pine-bark-based water-treatment medium that efficiently removes antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluent. The method uses modified pine bark and combination materials, achieving removal efficiencies in the tens of percent to over 90%.
A multidisciplinary team developed a dual-scale Capillary-Cell microscope to visualize tumor metabolism and vasculature dynamics. The platform revealed complex relationships between tumor vascular network and metabolic behavior, highlighting distinct adaptations based on local conditions.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly way to extract lithium. The new method uses temperature-sensitive solvent to extract lithium directly from brines found in deposits across the world.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that abortion bans are associated with a significant increase in pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. The study suggests that restricting access to safe abortion care forces pregnant individuals to take on increased health risks, leading to higher mortality rates.
Researchers at Tohoku University developed a new technique to identify pitting corrosion initiation sites in aluminum alloys. The method combines real-time optical microscopy with a boric-borate buffer solution, allowing clear visualization of pit formation locations.
A research team at the University of Vienna demonstrates that massive metallic nanoparticles follow quantum mechanics rules, creating a 'Schrödinger's cat state' and breaking existing records for macroscopic scale tests. The experiment shows that even large objects can exhibit wave-like behavior.
A large longitudinal study of people with childhood ADHD traits found a strong link between the condition and physical health problems in midlife. People with high ADHD traits at age 10 were more likely to have two or more physical health problems by age 46.
A team of scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has identified a new mechanism to describe the generation of large-scale magnetic fields. They found that steady velocity gradients are key to creating ordered, large-scale field structures, resolving a long-standing issue in understanding how these fields are generated.
A 2.6-million-year-old partial jaw of Paranthropus, discovered in Afar, Ethiopia, expands the known geographic distribution of the genus northward by 1000 km. The fossil reveals that Paranthropus was as widespread and versatile as Homo, challenging previous assumptions about its dietary specialization and competition with other hominins.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found a high prevalence of interpersonal violence globally among transgender and gender-diverse adults. The findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based violence prevention and response strategies across settings to address this issue.
New research reveals that North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was only about 1.8°C colder than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, contradicting previous assumptions of near-freezing conditions. The study supports climate model projections and suggests that weakening AMOC could have dramatic consequences for future climate.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have created magneto-sensitive fluorescent proteins that can interact with magnetic fields and radio waves. The breakthrough uses quantum mechanical interactions within proteins to enable practical technologies.
A Johns Hopkins University-led team analyzed genetic data from nearly 140,000 IVF embryos and found robust connections between specific variations in a mother's DNA and her risk of miscarriage. The study identified key genes that govern chromosome pairing and cohesion, shedding new light on human reproduction.
A study found that ordering takeaway meals is a popular self-gifting option for both rewarding good days and consoling bad days. The research suggests that this may be due to the convenience of taking away daily cooking duties, while also providing a indulgent treat.
A recent survey study found a significant association between generative AI use and increased depressive symptoms in US adults. The magnitude of the effect varied by age group, suggesting that further research is needed to understand the causal relationship and underlying factors.
Research reveals people following a wholefood diet eat more than 50% greater amounts of food, yet consume on average 330 fewer calories daily. The findings support the idea of 'nutritional intelligence' that prioritizes micronutrient-rich foods.
A new study analyzing over 11.5 million births found no significant negative effects of community water fluoridation on birth weight or risk of premature birth. The research supports the recommendations for promoting caries prevention and suggests that fluoride strengthens tooth enamel, repairs early damage, and prevents tooth decay.
Researchers support using antibiotics for uncomplicated acute appendicitis due to low recurrence rates at 10-year follow-up. The treatment option is recommended for adult patients, reducing the need for future surgery.
A new study published in Maturitas found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is the most effective exercise type for reducing body fat and maintaining muscle mass in seniors. HIIT involved short bursts of intense exercise followed by easier recovery periods, which helped retain lean muscle mass.
A new study by the University of Vienna estimates that over 20 times more microplastic particles are emitted on land than from the ocean, contrary to previous assumptions. The research was conducted using global measurement data and model simulations, and found significant discrepancies between emission estimates and measurements.
Researchers analyzed over 500 zircon crystals and found no evidence of glaciers transporting the bluestones to Stonehenge. The study strengthens the case for human transport, leaving the exact method a mystery. Advanced mineral fingerprinting techniques provided key insights into geological history.
A study found that one-third of patients in an at-home hypertension management program could not complete weekly readings, highlighting the need for more convenient and less burdensome monitoring tools. The researchers suggest innovative wearable devices that can passively collect blood pressure readings to reduce patient burden.
Researchers identified key policy levers to support water sustainability in the Yellow River Basin and developed a network integrating 53 SDG indicators. The network demonstrates superior structural stability and predictive power compared to traditional models.
Bird retinas operate under chronic oxygen deprivation, relying on anaerobic energy production. The pecten oculi serves as a metabolic gateway, delivering sugar and removing waste products.
Researchers developed engineered bispecific nanobodies that bind viruses to mucus, preventing infection. The approach was effective in preclinical models of multiple respiratory viruses, offering immediate, localized protection.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has developed soft magnetorheological textiles with programmable control and flexibility. These innovative materials overcome traditional drawbacks of heavy magnetic powders and health risks, enabling precise intelligent modulation for various applications.
Nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapies (NuSHs) show promise in managing MASH and preventing HCC progression. NuSHs improve metabolic parameters, reduce liver fat and fibrosis, and modulate immune-metabolic pathways that drive hepatocarcinogenesis.
The Global Brain Economy Initiative aims to establish brain capital as an essential asset for the 21st century, connecting neuroscience with economic policy. The initiative's mission is to address disparities in support for brain capital across various sectors and promote long-term growth, workforce resilience, and social well-being.
Researchers at Maynooth University found that chaotic conditions in the early Universe triggered the rapid growth of smaller black holes into super-massive behemoths. This breakthrough resolves a long-standing puzzle, suggesting that 'garden variety' stellar mass black holes can grow at extreme rates.
A new project aims to develop robust logical quantum bits for scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computing. The snaQCs2025 project combines innovative simulation and integration methods to compensate for error susceptibility of physical qubits, bringing quantum computing closer to practical use.
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is partnering with Type One Energy and the University of Tennessee to establish a world-class high-heat flux facility in East Tennessee. The facility will evaluate how materials react under extreme conditions in a fusion device, accelerating the development of plasma-facing components and enabling the ...
Researchers discovered exercise-induced mitochondrial migration through the bloodstream, protecting brain cells and reducing damage after a stroke. This innovative approach has potential for mitigating neurological sequelae and treating vascular dementia.
Researchers have designed an electrode that captures airborne CO2 and directly converts it into formic acid, outperforming existing electrodes. The system demonstrated utility in ambient air conditions, making it a promising strategy for integrating CO2 capture into practical industrial applications.
Researchers at Jeonbuk National University have developed a new dual-chemical looping process that improves the efficiency of ammonia synthesis by 8.4% and reduces global warming potential by up to 15.85 kg CO2-equivalent per kilogram of ammonia produced.
The study demonstrates large NIR modulation using low-cost sodium electrolytes, comparable to lithium-based systems, with efficient heat-shielding performance. This breakthrough offers a practical solution for thermal regulation in diverse climate conditions.
A comprehensive review of childhood stress effects on physical and mental health, cognitive functioning, and developmental outcomes. The study highlights the critical importance of early intervention and supportive policies to mitigate adverse health outcomes.
The new AI, Health, and Digital Spaces section features an editor’s note emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration between public health experts and AI researchers. It provides a dedicated scholarly home for work integrating domain knowledge with technical innovation.
The number of heart disease and stroke deaths in the US has declined, but these conditions still account for over a quarter of all deaths. The latest data from the American Heart Association shows that fewer people are dying from any cause, with death rates improving, but cardiovascular disease remains a major concern.
Researchers at UCLA have developed cage-shaped, double-bonded molecules called cubene and quadricyclene that defy expectations by breaking the traditional rules of organic chemistry. The discovery has potential applications in drug development, enabling the creation of more complex 3D structures for new medicines.
A large-scale study reveals that generative AI models have reached the threshold of average human creativity, but the most creative individuals still outperform even the best AI systems. The study also highlights the importance of human guidance and parameterization in modulating AI creativity.