Research reveals that early exposure to pollutants like benzo[a]pyrene can have lasting effects on fish skeletons, disrupting growth programs and causing deformities. The study found a strong concentration-dependent embryotoxicity in developing fish, with persistence of developmental toxicity across generations.
Scientists have uncovered a treasure trove of 12 million-year-old bird and four frog species in a New Zealand cave, shedding light on the continent's ancient history. The findings suggest that catastrophic climate changes and volcanic eruptions led to frequent extinctions, with around 33-50% of species disappearing before human arrival.
A new Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution study suggests that large-scale deep-sea fishing could undermine valuable tuna fisheries by reducing the food available to bigeye tuna. The research highlights the importance of ecosystem-based management and considering cross-fishery trade-offs before expanding new fisheries.
A study on the pufferfish (Takifugu fasciatus) found that its liver uses autophagy to defend against cold and copper stress. Autophagy helps the liver recycle damaged components and maintain internal balance under stress. The research identifies three key genes (lc3, beclin-1, and p62) that play a crucial role in this process.
Experts call for a radical refocus on school curricula to include more critical thinking and learning skills. The International Microbiology Literacy Initiative's MicroChats provide real-world contexts for children to develop critical reflection and hone their skills.
Researchers created a two-dimensional MOF-based nano-impeller that achieved efficient photoisomerization and on-demand cargo delivery. The study found that mechanical activation and dimensionality synergistically regulate the photo-switching dynamics, enabling 99% cargo release within 50 minutes.
Researchers have developed a new AI tool called VASCilia that provides unprecedented 3D views of cochlear hair cells. The tool accelerates the imaging process by 50-fold, allowing scientists to analyze cells with greater precision and accuracy. This advancement offers new insights into hearing loss caused by damaged inner ear hair cells.
A new book reveals personal tales from successful scientists who overcame insecurities, health issues, and cultural norms to achieve their goals. The stories highlight that self-doubt is a common part of the scientific experience, but with support and resilience, it's possible to overcome.
Deer behavior changes when exposed to the smell of predators like lynx and wolves, reducing browsing damage to tree saplings. The study suggests using large carnivores as a natural solution to mitigate overbrowsing in recovering forests.
Researchers at California NanoSystems Institute developed a framework to determine the 3D positions and elemental identities of atoms in amorphous materials. They achieved 100% accuracy in mapping silicon and oxygen atoms in glass-like material.
A study reveals that ancient masonry provides unique habitats for vascular plants, ferns, and climbers, regulating humidity and temperature. The research demonstrates the importance of balancing heritage conservation with biodiversity protection on Hainan Island.
A recent study published in New Phytologist reveals that trees don't record carbon from solar storms in the same way, affecting how scientists interpret past events. The research sheds light on how biological differences impact tree rings and provides a more accurate understanding of extreme space weather.
A new study led by Dr. Chu Chen suggests that combining THC with celecoxib may improve cognition and reduce Alzheimer's-related brain pathology in mice. The combination produced better outcomes than low-dose THC alone, including improved learning and memory performance and reduced markers of neuroinflammation.
The phase III PATINA study demonstrated that adding CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib to standard maintenance therapy significantly prolongs progression-free survival by more than 15 months compared to standard therapy alone. The study found a meaningful improvement in median PFS with no new signals.
An AI tool developed by researchers at NYU Langone Health can accurately predict which patients will require skilled nursing facilities after leaving the hospital, enabling faster and more effective discharge planning. The tool uses short summaries of doctor notes to identify key risk factors and predicts patient needs with 88% accuracy.
Witching Hour's technology uses robots and drones to add insulation to powerlines, reducing wildfire risk and costs. The innovative approach offers faster and more affordable solutions for utility companies and local communities.
A study by Michigan State University found that the majority of college students experienced broad improvements in psychological functioning after the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported higher life satisfaction, less loneliness, and a greater preference for in-person learning opportunities.
Researchers at Binghamton University discovered that caterpillars can hear airborne sounds via microscopic hairs on their bodies. The study found that the caterpillars were 10 to 100 times more responsive to airborne sound than surface vibrations felt on their feet, suggesting a new approach for improving microphone technology.
Researchers identified a targetable driver of brain metastases in inflammatory breast cancer, promoting tumor invasion and triggering brain inflammation via the CXCR2 signaling pathway. Targeting sEcad or the CXCR2 pathway may treat or prevent brain metastasis.
Researchers identify fibroblast TGFβ signaling as a key driver of treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in technology enable precision medicine approaches, promising to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified CUL5, a protein that tags tau for elimination, as a key player in preventing the formation of toxic tau protein clumps that can lead to dementia. The study found that neurons with more CUL5 are less vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
A new study provides a tool to quantify responsibility for PM 2.5 pollution, highlighting the impact of cross-state pollution on public health. The research highlights inequality in pollution across US states, with some facing disproportionate health risks and responsibilities.
A new study reveals that consumers who morally support companies hiring homeless individuals often drop purchase intentions due to irrational 'contagion concerns', triggered by emotional reactions linked to stereotypes about hygiene and safety. Social proof appeals can counteract this bias, increasing purchase likelihood.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that rewarding 'reformers' who improve the collective prediction regardless of their own personal accuracy leads to more accurate and diverse outcomes. This approach is more effective than rewarding 'niche experts' or 'experts', which can lead to a loss of diversity and accuracy.
Researchers discovered that cytoplasmic compartmentalization was inherently unstable in large vertebrate embryos, but found strategies to overcome this instability. The timing of cell divisions was precisely matched with the timescale of instability, allowing for robust embryonic organization.
Researchers developed a new tool to track changes in the synaptic proteome over time, correlating changes to synaptic dysregulation and synapse loss. The results suggest that toxic tau oligomers impact postsynaptic structures first, leading to a dynamic cascade of events that contribute to neurodegeneration.
Plants have a cellular strategy to adapt to environmental changes, balancing growth and flowering responses through dynamic protein relationships. This adaptation allows for continuous flower production, increasing the chances of seed production in changing conditions.
A new MERS vaccine candidate has shown a stable and functional immune response in humans that persists for at least two years after a booster vaccination. The study demonstrates that such durable immunity can be achieved through targeted booster vaccinations, providing an important step toward an effective MERS vaccine.
Scientists at the University of Florida and Linköping University discovered protein markers in umbilical cord blood associated with future insulin-dependent diabetes. The study suggests that these markers can be used to predict type 1 diabetes in early childhood, potentially allowing for targeted interventions and lifestyle changes.
Researchers found that older adults who are afraid of falls employ adaptive strategies, such as limiting side-to-side body sway or swaying more slowly, to stabilize during turns. This suggests that these slower movements may not be indicative of poor balance but rather a means to stay steady and safe during complex maneuvers.
A new study using AI-powered BioBERT model accurately identifies fungal lifestyles, switching between helpful partner for plants to aggressive decomposers. The tool has nearly 90% accuracy and can scan thousands of papers in minutes, flagging species that may switch roles.
The UC Irvine School of Medicine has been awarded a $850,000 grant by the California Office of Traffic Safety to broaden the UC Traffic Safety Collaborative Program. The program aims to reduce traffic-related injuries and fatalities in California through education, research, and enforcement.
The American Meteorological Society has partnered with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide IPCC authors with access to peer-reviewed scientific publications. This collaboration ensures equitable access to critical climate science for researchers worldwide, particularly those from developing countries and fac...
Influenza D virus and canine coronavirus have the potential to trigger outbreaks if surveillance and diagnostics lag. These emerging pathogens have real potential to cause epidemics or pandemics in humans.
Two U.S. healthcare systems, Tufts Medicine and University of Utah Health, will implement the DAC-SP Early Detection Blueprint across ten primary care sites to improve early detection of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The initiative aims to refine a replicable model for early detection that can be adopted nationwide.
A study published in Neurology found that taking antidepressants after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not associated with an increased risk of death, brain surgery, or longer hospital stays. The study included over 54,000 participants and found that antidepressant users had an 11% lower risk of needing emergency brain surgery.
A new study found that participants felt closer to AI in emotional conversations than humans, especially when the AI provided personal information. However, this closeness decreased significantly when participants knew they were communicating with an AI.
A new study in Systematic Entomology reveals that evasive butterfly mimicry in the genus Adelpha may be a rare and overlooked type of mimicry. The researchers found that Adelpha butterflies use speed and unpredictability as a defense mechanism, making them difficult to catch for birds and other predators.
Researchers from ICCUB led the most extensive observational study of runaway massive stars in the Milky Way, combining measurements of rotation speeds and binarity. The results reveal that most runaway stars rotate slowly, while those with high velocities are linked to supernova explosions or gravitational ejection.
West Virginia University scientists create digital twin models using AI technology to monitor astronaut movements and muscle activity, predicting potential health risks. The system can detect subtle early signs of trouble, providing personalized exercise routines and helping astronauts cope with balance issues upon return to Earth.
A new study suggests that preexisting autoantibodies in a small subset of the population can cause severe reactions to the live-attenuated Chikungunya vaccine. Researchers recommend screening people with these autoantibodies before vaccination, especially for those over age 65.
Researchers found a strong link between human genetic factors and the oral microbiome, with specific genes influencing cavity and tooth loss risk. The study analyzed over 12,500 individuals' saliva-derived DNA, revealing genome-to-genome interactions between human and bacterial DNA.
Physicists at MIT observed clear signs that quarks create wakes as they speed through the plasma, confirming the plasma behaves like a liquid. This finding provides new insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma and its behavior in the early universe.
Two Canadian clinical trials have shown that fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) can improve the response to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer and melanoma. FMT capsules were found to reduce toxic side effects of kidney cancer treatment, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
A Brazilian study developed a new statistical analysis method that better predicts landslide risk. The approach uses the Gaussian distribution to define the weight of each contributing factor objectively. It was validated based on an inventory of landslides in São Paulo, where 65 people were killed.
A new study found that people from strongly liberal-leaning or conservative US counties prefer visiting like-minded destinations for everyday travel. This preference was observed even after accounting for factors such as income and race.
A University of Virginia study reveals phosphorus pollution in Lake Anna comes from multiple sources, including homes and abandoned mines. Elevated levels of arsenic, lead, and copper were found near mining sites, highlighting the need for broader strategies to address nutrient and metal pollution.
Researchers have found that babies can detect verb inconsistencies as early as 10 months old, using brain imaging technology. This finding suggests that infants begin to develop an understanding of verbs before they even say their first words.
A new AI-driven model predicts patient risk of suffering a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) with higher accuracy than traditional predictive models. This improvement in prognostic risk assessment could help personalize individual care plans and maintain quality of life for patients.
A global study of 17,494 people from 158 countries reveals a significant gap between expected and experienced perimenopause symptoms. Fatigue, mood changes, and sleep-related issues are the most common reported symptoms, with exhaustion and fatigue being particularly prevalent.
Long COVID shows self-reported data strengths over objective data, calls to de-stigmatize self-reporting in healthcare research. PLOS article highlights need for reevaluation of what counts as 'objective' data.
A new clinical trial found that solriamfetol helped early morning shift workers with shift work disorder stay more alert and report better overall functioning. The study, published in NEJM Evidence, enrolled 78 early-morning shift workers and showed significant improvement in sleepiness and daily activities after four weeks of treatment.
Delirium after hip fracture surgery is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, especially in previously healthy older adults. Researchers found that preventing delirium must be a top priority for every older adult facing surgery.
New research finds that antitrust enforcement against interlocking directorates has led to the departure of experienced directors, particularly at small companies. This loss of industry expertise may impair corporate governance and make it harder for firms to find qualified directors.
A protein called Replication Factor C has been found to remain bound to a DNA sliding clamp even after loading it onto DNA, facilitating the copying process. This discovery challenges decades of textbook knowledge in basic biology and could inform research into cancer and neurological disorders.
A new study from Uppsala University reveals a substantial increase in cardiomyopathy diagnoses in Sweden between 2004 and 2023, associated with high excess mortality rates. The study highlights the need for improved detection and targeted treatments to address this growing public health concern.
A third of fish off Pacific Islands' coasts contain microplastics, with Fiji showing a high rate of contamination. Research highlights the pervasiveness of microplastic pollution and its impact on ecosystems and human health.
Prof. Guy Kindler, a leading researcher in theoretical computer science, received the prestigious prize for his groundbreaking contributions to probabilistically checkable proofs and hardness of approximation.
Researchers are developing brain-based interventions to treat co-occurring disorders, including rTMS and deep brain stimulation for addiction. The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation awards grants to fund research on mental illness treatments.
A study found that dogs experience changes in balance when hearing angry or happy human voices. Angry voices were most strongly associated with destabilization, while happy voices led to both stabilization and destabilization in some cases. The research suggests that emotional arousal may play a role in the dogs' responses.