About The Study: The findings of this case-control study show that soccer heading was associated with acute increases in blood biomarkers of neural damage, including dose-response relationships. These findings suggest that amateur-level heading may acutely affect neural integrity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marsh Konigs, PhD, email m.konigs@amsterdamumc.nl .
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(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.1224)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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JAMA Neurology