About the Study : Does topical dexamethasone eye drop treatment reduce the progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to severe disease requiring invasive treatment in preterm infants? In this randomized clinical trial of 100 preterm infants with severe ROP, treatment-requiring (type 1) ROP occurred in 20.0% of infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops compared with 38.0% of those treated with placebo. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance, and no differences in adverse events were observed. Topical dexamethasone may be a safe, noninvasive strategy to reduce progression to treatment-requiring ROP in extremely preterm infants.
Corresponding Author : Ann Hellström, MD, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden ( ann.hellstrom@medfak.gu.se ).
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3247
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JAMA Pediatrics