Randomization
Articles tagged with Randomization
Survival and recurrence with GLP-1 receptor agonists in breast cancer
A cohort study found a potential association between GLP-1 RA use and improved survival rates among obese breast cancer patients with related metabolic conditions. Further evaluation of GLP-1 RA therapy in randomized clinical trials is warranted based on these findings.
Clinical decision support for chronic kidney disease in primary care
Psilocybin in the treatment of cocaine use disorder
Genotype-guided antidepressant prescribing for patients with depression
A randomized clinical trial found that genotype-guided prescribing of SSRIs did not improve depression symptoms at 3 months but showed higher remission rates at 6 months. Future studies should focus on the long-term impact of this approach.
Trial now enrolling seeks to answer key question: Does adding chemotherapy to hormone therapy improve survival for metastatic prostate cancer?
The ASPIRE trial aims to enroll 1,200 participants with advanced prostate cancer and assess the impact of chemotherapy on overall survival and disease progression. Genetic profiling is included to identify patients who benefit most from intensified treatment.
Care coordination and hospitalization in older adults with or at risk for cardiovascular disease
A randomized clinical trial found that proactive outreach for care coordination did not lead to better outcomes compared to usual care post-hospitalization coordination. Many participants declined the offer. The study suggests that current strategies may need to be reassessed.
Symptom-based dosing for neonatal opioid withdrawal
A randomized clinical trial found symptom-based dosing decreases discharge time compared to scheduled opioid taper approaches among infants with opioid withdrawal. This approach, using Eat, Sleep, Console, led to faster recovery and improved outcomes.
Adaptive mobile health intervention to reduce excess gestational weight gain
A cluster-randomized trial found that an adaptive mobile health intervention effectively reduced the rate of gestational weight gain and total gestational weight gain among pregnant patients with overweight or obesity. The study suggests that technology-based interventions can be a valuable tool in managing excess weight during pregnancy.
Mirtazapine for methamphetamine use disorder
In this randomized clinical trial, mirtazapine effectively reduced methamphetamine use in adults with methamphetamine use disorder. The study's findings have important implications for the treatment of this condition, which currently lacks approved pharmacotherapies.
Long-term durability of acoramidis efficacy in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Early and continuous acoramidis treatment resulted in sustained incremental reductions in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, and first cardiovascular hospitalization. The findings support the importance of early and continuous long-term treatment with acoramidis in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Extended low-dose apixaban and superficial vein thrombosis
Extended low-dose apixaban effectively reduced symptomatic superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) risk. Patients with enduring risk factors for SuVT benefited from this anticoagulation strategy.
Biomarker, functional status, and quality-of-life trajectories before modes of death in heart failure
A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.
Effects of exercise and intensive vascular risk reduction on cognitive function in older adults
A multicenter randomized clinical trial found no significant differences in cognitive improvement between exercise, intensive pharmacological reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, or both in older adults. The study results challenge current recommendations on lifestyle modifications for dementia prevention.
Restrictive vs liberal physical restraint strategies in critically ill patients
A randomized clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of low-use vs high-use physical restraint strategies in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. The study found no significant reduction in days free of delirium or coma at 14 days, regardless of the restraint strategy used.
Holding vs continuing GLP-1/GIP agonists before upper endoscopy
Continuing GLP-1/GIP agonists before upper endoscopy increased clinically significant residual gastric volume, but did not elevate adverse event risk. Clear liquids the day prior to the procedure may mitigate this risk.
Digital microsteps as scalable adjuncts for adults using GLP-1 receptor agonists
A low-cost digital intervention increased expectation to adopt health behaviors among adults using GLP-1RAs, with effects persisting for 2 weeks. The written microsteps intervention plus short video boosters may play a role in promoting sustained behavior change.
Outcomes of older adults with advanced cancer who prefer quality of life vs prolonging survival
A study found that only 9% of older adults with advanced cancer prioritize extending survival over maintaining quality of life. The lack of responsiveness of the current oncology care delivery system to patient preference may be a significant issue. This highlights the need for care system changes to prioritize patient needs.
Low-dose lithium for mild cognitive impairment
Researchers investigated low-dose lithium as a potential treatment for mild cognitive impairment in a pilot clinical trial. The study found that none of the primary outcomes met the significance threshold, but effect size estimates suggest potential benefits for future trials.
Aspirin not a quick fix for preventing bowel cancer
Daily aspirin use offers no quick or reliable way to prevent bowel cancer in the general population, increasing risk of serious bleeding. However, it may have potential long-term benefits for people at high genetic risk of colorectal cancer.
A ketogenic diet for treatment-resistant depression
A ketogenic diet was found to have a modest effect in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The study's results suggest that this dietary approach may be worth exploring as an adjunct therapy option.
Randomized trial finds drug therapy reduces hot flashes during prostate cancer treatment
A national clinical trial found that oxybutynin significantly reduced hot flash frequency and quality of life for men undergoing hormone therapy for prostate cancer. The study showed substantial improvements in hot flash symptoms, often within the first week of treatment.
Cancer incidence and mortality with aspirin in older adults
A recent study found that low-dose aspirin use was not associated with incident cancer incidence in older adults, contrary to previous findings. However, the study revealed a significant elevation in cancer mortality risk during the randomized clinical trial period, which did not persist after the trial ended.
Yoga for opioid withdrawal and autonomic regulation
This randomized clinical trial found yoga to significantly accelerate opioid withdrawal recovery and improve autonomic regulation, anxiety, sleep, and pain. The study supports the integration of yoga into withdrawal protocols as a neurobiologically informed intervention addressing core regulatory processes.
Semaglutide and hospitalizations in patients with obesity and established cardiovascular disease
In a prespecified exploratory analysis of the SELECT randomized clinical trial, semaglutide demonstrated significant reductions in hospital admissions and overall time spent in hospital. This finding suggests that semaglutide has broader health benefits for patients with obesity and established cardiovascular disease.
Digital cognitive behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder
A randomized clinical trial found digital cognitive behavioral therapy to be significantly beneficial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. The treatment provided sustained benefits and has the potential for public health impact due to its accessibility.
Risk-based vs annual breast cancer screening / the WISDOM randomized clinical trial
The WISDOM randomized clinical trial found risk-based breast cancer screening to be equally effective as annual screening in detecting advanced cancers. However, it did not reduce breast biopsy rates. The study suggests a safer and more efficient approach to breast cancer screening.
Semaglutide and early-stage metabolic abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
A randomized clinical trial shows that semaglutide improves glycemic control and weight outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. The study suggests using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as an early intervention strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in this population.
Self-administered hypnosis vs sham hypnosis for hot flashes
A randomized clinical trial found that self-administered hypnosis significantly reduced hot flash scores and daily interference compared to sham hypnosis. The study suggests that hypnosis delivered through audio files is a clinically significant method for reducing hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
Engineered randomness enhances connection speed and precision in next-generation wireless systems
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method to generate radio wave patterns that can identify signal direction with unprecedented accuracy, enabling rapid establishment of wireless links. This breakthrough enables high data-rate links to form almost as soon as the signal is sent.
Community health worker support for Hispanic and Latino individuals receiving hemodialysis
A culturally tailored community health worker intervention modestly lowered interdialytic weight gain and improved dialysis adherence among Hispanic and Latino patients with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure. This study suggests that such interventions can enhance patient outcomes for these vulnerable populations.
Online unsupervised Tai Chi intervention for knee pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis
A randomized clinical trial found that an unsupervised online Tai Chi intervention improved knee pain and function compared to the control group at 12 weeks. This free web-based intervention offers a safe, accessible, and scalable option for guideline-recommended osteoarthritis exercise.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and age-related macular degeneration
A cohort study found that GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a reduced risk of developing nonexudative AMD, but not progression to exudative AMD in individuals with nonexudative AMD. This study may inform future randomized trials evaluating the ocular effects of GLP-1RAs in nondiabetic populations.
Trial enrollment and survival disparities among patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Black and Asian patients were underrepresented in clinical trials, leading to worse survival outcomes compared to white counterparts, despite similar progression-free survival rates. Equitable enrollment is crucial for access to cutting-edge treatments and long-term equity in cancer care.
Effectiveness of colchicine for the treatment of long COVID
A randomized clinical trial found that colchicine did not improve functional capacity or inflammatory markers in adults with long COVID. Researchers highlight the need for new therapeutic strategies for this condition.
Endothelial cell loss 1 year after successful DMEK in the diabetes endothelial keratoplasty study
A randomized clinical trial showed that DMEK graft success is comparable between diabetes-positive and non-diabetes donor corneas after 1 year. The study's findings support the use of diabetes-positive donor corneas for endothelial keratoplasty procedures.
Rapid vs standard induction to injectable extended-release buprenorphine
In a multicenter randomized clinical trial, rapid induction of injectable extended-release buprenorphine showed higher retention rates compared to standard induction. Administration of injection 2 after 1 week was well tolerated and reduced time below target therapeutic levels.
Liraglutide vs semaglutide vs dulaglutide in veterans with type 2 diabetes
A comparative effectiveness study found that liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide have similar risks for kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Head-to-head trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Open-label placebos as adjunct for the preventive treatment of migraine
An open-label placebo treatment was associated with improved quality of life and reduced pain-related disability in patients with migraine. However, the treatment did not reduce headache frequency in this study.
Electroacupuncture in patients with early urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy
This randomized clinical trial shows electroacupuncture significantly accelerates postprostatectomy urinary continence recovery. It may serve as a safe adjunct to standard care, supporting its integration into multimodal rehabilitation protocols.
Quantum random number generator combines small size and high speed
Researchers developed a chip-based quantum random number generator that generates unpredictable numbers at 3 gigabits per second, fast enough to support large-scale data centers' security needs. The device overcomes challenges of noise interference with an optical amplifier and dual-photodiode design.
Home training for cerebellar ataxias
Home high-intensity aerobic training outperforms home balance training in improving ataxia symptoms, fatigue, and aerobic fitness among those with cerebellar ataxias. Regular training maintained benefits at 1 year.
Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in older adults
A randomized clinical trial found that acupuncture provided greater improvements in back pain-related disability compared to usual medical care alone. The study suggests that acupuncture needling is an effective and safe treatment option for older adults with chronic low back pain.
Nonregistration, discontinuation, and nonpublication of randomized trials
Systematic review highlights the challenges of nonregistration, premature discontinuation, and nonpublication of randomized clinical trials, affecting non-industry-sponsored trials. Funders' requirements and ethics committee oversight can mitigate these issues.
Impact of a weight loss intervention on 1-year weight change in women with stage II/III breast cancer
A telephone-based weight loss intervention significantly reduced weight in breast cancer patients with overweight and obesity. The study suggests that this intervention may improve disease outcomes, warranting further investigation in future trials.
Hepatitis C screening in emergency departments
A new study found that a nontargeted screening approach can identify more patients with hepatitis C virus infections than traditional targeted screening methods. The results highlight the need for improved treatment models, as patients who went from diagnosis to sustained virologic response increased significantly.
Morning vs bedtime dosing and nocturnal blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension
This randomized clinical trial found that bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medication improves nocturnal blood pressure control and circadian rhythm without compromising daytime or 24-hour blood pressure. The study suggests potential advantages of bedtime administration for patients with hypertension.
Reporting and representation of race and ethnicity in clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for mental disorders
A meta-analysis reveals significant racial and ethnic disparities in the reporting of race and ethnicity in clinical trials for pharmacotherapy of mental disorders. The study underscores the importance of equitable recruitment and reporting in clinical trials to ensure inclusive representation of diverse populations.
Metformin for knee osteoarthritis in patients with overweight or obesity
A randomized clinical trial suggests that metformin can be an effective treatment for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in people with overweight or obesity. The study's results support the use of metformin for this condition, but further confirmation is needed in larger clinical trials.
Varenicline for youth nicotine vaping cessation
A 12-week randomized clinical trial shows varenicline combined with behavioral counseling effectively increased vaping abstinence in youth who vape nicotine but do not regularly smoke tobacco. This study provides hope for a novel treatment approach to help combat the growing youth vaping epidemic.
Transcranial pulsed current stimulation and social functioning in children with autism
A randomized clinical trial of transcranial pulsed current stimulation found significant improvements in social functioning and sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder. The treatment, which targeted the prefrontal-cerebellar region, was well-tolerated and showed promise as a viable alternative to pharmaceutical interventions.
Immediate skin-to-skin contact in very preterm neonates and early childhood neurodevelopment
A randomized clinical trial found no association between immediate skin-to-skin contact and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm neonates. However, the intervention was shown to enhance breastfeeding practices up to 12 months compared to standard care.
New study confirms copper-based fungicides as a reliable solution for aerial stem rot in potatoes
A new study confirms copper-based fungicides as a reliable solution for aerial stem rot in potatoes. The research found that copper fungicide treatments consistently slowed disease spread and improved yields over a 10-year period.
Evaluating different types of GOSE scores among patients treated in trauma centers in the US
Researchers evaluated different types of Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) scores among US trauma center patients. They found that GOSE-All scores capture the combined effect of brain and extracranial injuries, while GOSE-TBI scores exclude extracranial injury effects.
Cardioprotective glucose-lowering agents and dementia risk
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause dementia. Cardioprotective glucose-lowering therapies, however, did not show an overall reduction in dementia risk.
Leveraging Preexisting Cardiovascular Data to Improve the Detection and Treatment of Hypertension
A centralized notification pathway increased hypertension treatment in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy. This study highlights the potential of leveraging underutilized cardiovascular data to enhance healthcare delivery.
Mode of death in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction
The Finerenone Trial found that sudden death was the primary cause of higher cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure and mild or preserved ejection fractions. The study suggests that finerenone may not significantly impact cardiovascular mortality, but its effects on overall mortality are unclear.
Prothrombin complex concentrate vs frozen plasma for coagulopathic bleeding in cardiac surgery
A randomized clinical trial found prothrombin complex concentrate to have superior hemostatic efficacy compared to frozen plasma in patients requiring coagulation factor replacement during cardiac surgery. The study also showed safety advantages for the use of prothrombin complex concentrate.
Smartwatches may help control diabetes through exercise
A new study found that smartwatches paired with a health app can encourage people with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes to start and maintain purposeful exercise, leading to improvements in blood sugar levels and systolic blood pressure. The programme also helped participants lower cholesterol and improve their quality of life.
Suicide and self-harm events with GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with diabetes or obesity
A study found no increased risk of suicidal events among adults taking GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes or obesity, but continued monitoring is warranted to identify at-risk patients. The findings ease concerns about these potential adverse effects, allowing extended use of GLP-1 RAs.