Articles tagged with Randomization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A ketogenic diet was found to have a modest effect in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The study's results suggest that this dietary approach may be worth exploring as an adjunct therapy option.
A national clinical trial found that oxybutynin significantly reduced hot flash frequency and quality of life for men undergoing hormone therapy for prostate cancer. The study showed substantial improvements in hot flash symptoms, often within the first week of treatment.
A recent study found that low-dose aspirin use was not associated with incident cancer incidence in older adults, contrary to previous findings. However, the study revealed a significant elevation in cancer mortality risk during the randomized clinical trial period, which did not persist after the trial ended.
This randomized clinical trial found yoga to significantly accelerate opioid withdrawal recovery and improve autonomic regulation, anxiety, sleep, and pain. The study supports the integration of yoga into withdrawal protocols as a neurobiologically informed intervention addressing core regulatory processes.
In a prespecified exploratory analysis of the SELECT randomized clinical trial, semaglutide demonstrated significant reductions in hospital admissions and overall time spent in hospital. This finding suggests that semaglutide has broader health benefits for patients with obesity and established cardiovascular disease.
A randomized clinical trial found digital cognitive behavioral therapy to be significantly beneficial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. The treatment provided sustained benefits and has the potential for public health impact due to its accessibility.
The WISDOM randomized clinical trial found risk-based breast cancer screening to be equally effective as annual screening in detecting advanced cancers. However, it did not reduce breast biopsy rates. The study suggests a safer and more efficient approach to breast cancer screening.
A randomized clinical trial shows that semaglutide improves glycemic control and weight outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. The study suggests using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as an early intervention strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in this population.
A randomized clinical trial found that self-administered hypnosis significantly reduced hot flash scores and daily interference compared to sham hypnosis. The study suggests that hypnosis delivered through audio files is a clinically significant method for reducing hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method to generate radio wave patterns that can identify signal direction with unprecedented accuracy, enabling rapid establishment of wireless links. This breakthrough enables high data-rate links to form almost as soon as the signal is sent.
A culturally tailored community health worker intervention modestly lowered interdialytic weight gain and improved dialysis adherence among Hispanic and Latino patients with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure. This study suggests that such interventions can enhance patient outcomes for these vulnerable populations.
A randomized clinical trial found that an unsupervised online Tai Chi intervention improved knee pain and function compared to the control group at 12 weeks. This free web-based intervention offers a safe, accessible, and scalable option for guideline-recommended osteoarthritis exercise.
A cohort study found that GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a reduced risk of developing nonexudative AMD, but not progression to exudative AMD in individuals with nonexudative AMD. This study may inform future randomized trials evaluating the ocular effects of GLP-1RAs in nondiabetic populations.
Black and Asian patients were underrepresented in clinical trials, leading to worse survival outcomes compared to white counterparts, despite similar progression-free survival rates. Equitable enrollment is crucial for access to cutting-edge treatments and long-term equity in cancer care.
A randomized clinical trial found that colchicine did not improve functional capacity or inflammatory markers in adults with long COVID. Researchers highlight the need for new therapeutic strategies for this condition.
A randomized clinical trial showed that DMEK graft success is comparable between diabetes-positive and non-diabetes donor corneas after 1 year. The study's findings support the use of diabetes-positive donor corneas for endothelial keratoplasty procedures.
In a multicenter randomized clinical trial, rapid induction of injectable extended-release buprenorphine showed higher retention rates compared to standard induction. Administration of injection 2 after 1 week was well tolerated and reduced time below target therapeutic levels.
A comparative effectiveness study found that liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide have similar risks for kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Head-to-head trials are needed to confirm these findings.
An open-label placebo treatment was associated with improved quality of life and reduced pain-related disability in patients with migraine. However, the treatment did not reduce headache frequency in this study.
This randomized clinical trial shows electroacupuncture significantly accelerates postprostatectomy urinary continence recovery. It may serve as a safe adjunct to standard care, supporting its integration into multimodal rehabilitation protocols.
Researchers developed a chip-based quantum random number generator that generates unpredictable numbers at 3 gigabits per second, fast enough to support large-scale data centers' security needs. The device overcomes challenges of noise interference with an optical amplifier and dual-photodiode design.
Home high-intensity aerobic training outperforms home balance training in improving ataxia symptoms, fatigue, and aerobic fitness among those with cerebellar ataxias. Regular training maintained benefits at 1 year.
A randomized clinical trial found that acupuncture provided greater improvements in back pain-related disability compared to usual medical care alone. The study suggests that acupuncture needling is an effective and safe treatment option for older adults with chronic low back pain.
Systematic review highlights the challenges of nonregistration, premature discontinuation, and nonpublication of randomized clinical trials, affecting non-industry-sponsored trials. Funders' requirements and ethics committee oversight can mitigate these issues.
A telephone-based weight loss intervention significantly reduced weight in breast cancer patients with overweight and obesity. The study suggests that this intervention may improve disease outcomes, warranting further investigation in future trials.
This randomized clinical trial found that bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medication improves nocturnal blood pressure control and circadian rhythm without compromising daytime or 24-hour blood pressure. The study suggests potential advantages of bedtime administration for patients with hypertension.
A new study found that a nontargeted screening approach can identify more patients with hepatitis C virus infections than traditional targeted screening methods. The results highlight the need for improved treatment models, as patients who went from diagnosis to sustained virologic response increased significantly.
A meta-analysis reveals significant racial and ethnic disparities in the reporting of race and ethnicity in clinical trials for pharmacotherapy of mental disorders. The study underscores the importance of equitable recruitment and reporting in clinical trials to ensure inclusive representation of diverse populations.
A randomized clinical trial suggests that metformin can be an effective treatment for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in people with overweight or obesity. The study's results support the use of metformin for this condition, but further confirmation is needed in larger clinical trials.
A 12-week randomized clinical trial shows varenicline combined with behavioral counseling effectively increased vaping abstinence in youth who vape nicotine but do not regularly smoke tobacco. This study provides hope for a novel treatment approach to help combat the growing youth vaping epidemic.
A randomized clinical trial of transcranial pulsed current stimulation found significant improvements in social functioning and sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder. The treatment, which targeted the prefrontal-cerebellar region, was well-tolerated and showed promise as a viable alternative to pharmaceutical interventions.
A randomized clinical trial found no association between immediate skin-to-skin contact and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm neonates. However, the intervention was shown to enhance breastfeeding practices up to 12 months compared to standard care.
A new study confirms copper-based fungicides as a reliable solution for aerial stem rot in potatoes. The research found that copper fungicide treatments consistently slowed disease spread and improved yields over a 10-year period.
Researchers evaluated different types of Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) scores among US trauma center patients. They found that GOSE-All scores capture the combined effect of brain and extracranial injuries, while GOSE-TBI scores exclude extracranial injury effects.
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause dementia. Cardioprotective glucose-lowering therapies, however, did not show an overall reduction in dementia risk.
A centralized notification pathway increased hypertension treatment in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy. This study highlights the potential of leveraging underutilized cardiovascular data to enhance healthcare delivery.
The Finerenone Trial found that sudden death was the primary cause of higher cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure and mild or preserved ejection fractions. The study suggests that finerenone may not significantly impact cardiovascular mortality, but its effects on overall mortality are unclear.
A randomized clinical trial found prothrombin complex concentrate to have superior hemostatic efficacy compared to frozen plasma in patients requiring coagulation factor replacement during cardiac surgery. The study also showed safety advantages for the use of prothrombin complex concentrate.
A new study found that smartwatches paired with a health app can encourage people with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes to start and maintain purposeful exercise, leading to improvements in blood sugar levels and systolic blood pressure. The programme also helped participants lower cholesterol and improve their quality of life.
A study found no increased risk of suicidal events among adults taking GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes or obesity, but continued monitoring is warranted to identify at-risk patients. The findings ease concerns about these potential adverse effects, allowing extended use of GLP-1 RAs.
A randomized trial found that adenotonsillectomy surgery reduced healthcare utilization in children with mild sleep-disordered breathing by 32% fewer doctor visits and 48% fewer prescriptions. This effective early intervention supports reducing behavioral, neurocognitive, cardiovascular, and cardiometabolic issues.
A genetic predisposition to type II diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer. Metformin use has been shown to decrease the prevalence of esophageal cancer, while insulin and gliclazide have no significant association.
Current pay-for-performance initiatives are often costly and ineffective, leading to moral distress for primary care physicians. The authors recommend refocusing incentives on time-limited, low-cost targets that are physician-controlled to support better care.
New UCLA-led research finds that Paxlovid does not significantly reduce COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality among vaccinated older adults. The study suggests that Paxlovid's potential effect on COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated older adults is four times weaker than originally reported.
A long-term study found that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass outperforms sleeve gastrectomy in treating obesity, with patients losing more excess body mass index. The Swiss Multicenter Bypass or Sleeve Study demonstrated the superiority of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass over sleeve gastrectomy for patient weight loss.
A cluster randomized trial involving 31 Canadian high schools and 3,800 students found that delivering personality-targeted brief cognitive behavioral interventions to students in the 7th grade reduced risk for substance use disorders by the end of high school. The intervention was associated with a 23%-80% reduced odds of SUD compared...
The ePRO monitoring system significantly improved patient-physician communication and treatment explanations, supporting patient-centered cardiovascular care. The study found that the system's implementation enhanced patient outcomes and reduced healthcare disparities.
Researchers are pinpointing areas of high overdose frequency to implement targeted interventions, including naloxone kits and fentanyl test strips. The study aims to reduce overdose deaths and improve access to life-saving resources in underserved communities.
Researchers from Southern Methodist University and University of Michigan found A-B testing limitations that affect user response to ads, leading to misinterpreted data. The study highlights the importance of recognizing these limitations to make informed marketing decisions.
A recent case series suggests that an extended course of Paxlovid may help some patients with long Covid experience sustained improvements in their symptoms. The study, published in Communications Medicine, found that five out of 13 patients experienced significant symptom relief after taking the antiviral drug for 15 days.
A recent study found a positive association between smoking and CKD risk in observational studies, but Mendelian randomization analysis revealed no direct causal link. Researchers propose that diabetes and hypertension may mediate the relationship.
Engaging in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per week modestly reduces body weight, waist circumference, and body fat measures. Aerobic training exceeding 150 minutes per week may be needed for clinically important reductions.
A randomized clinical trial found that a brief outpatient rehabilitation program improved physical function in patients with post-COVID condition. The intervention showed sustained benefits over time, with negligible adverse effects.
This randomized clinical trial suggests that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is a safe and effective treatment option for chronic insomnia. Future multicenter trials are needed to validate its effectiveness across different populations.
A randomized clinical trial found that cannabidiol (CBD) significantly reduced anxiety levels 2-4 hours after ingestion in women with advanced breast cancer. CBD's anxiolytic effect suggests its potential as a treatment for scan-related anxiety.
Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ reported similar experiences undergoing active monitoring versus guideline-concordant care. The study found that both approaches had comparable lived experiences during the 2-year follow-up period.
A randomized study found that active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ did not increase invasive cancer risk compared to guideline-concordant care. Women on active monitoring had comparable rates of disease recurrence and survival.
A randomized clinical study found that an opioid-free treatment pathway is both safe and effective for bariatric surgery patients. The alternative method, which combines three different medicines, significantly reduces the need for opioids during treatment.
A randomized controlled trial examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin versus escitalopram for major depressive disorder. The results suggest that psilocybin is more effective than escitalopram in treating depression.
A CU Anschutz study found that using a decision aid led to less personal uncertainty and distress among older adults, but not reduced depression. The online tool helped participants feel more confident in their decisions.