Researchers found strong relationships between nephropathy and insulin resistance throughout follow-up, unlike other risk factors such as blood pressure and blood fats. Lifestyle changes like proper diet, exercise, and smoking cessation may help people with type 1 diabetes avoid kidney disease.
A long-term study of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with heart disease found no reduction in heart attack risk and increased blood clot risk. The therapy also showed a higher risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery.
Regular cranberry juice consumption could reduce UTI development and need for antibiotics, potentially slowing antibiotic resistance. Cranberry's anti-adhesion properties prevent bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract.
A study of 200 type 1 diabetic patients found a significantly higher mortality rate among African Americans, due largely to acute complications. The results suggest an inadequacy in care for African Americans with type 1 diabetes, potentially linked to issues such as access to care and education.
The WHO's annual report on global TB control reveals a persistent gap in detection rates, with expanded DOTs and cash injections needed to reach targets. Sex disparities also emerge as a significant issue, with women being infected at a higher rate than men, highlighting the need for tailored research and policies.
A new study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that outpatient antibiotic treatment for PID is just as effective as inpatient treatment. The study, known as PEACH, involved 831 women with PID and showed no significant differences in outcomes between those treated inpatient or outpatient.
The University of Michigan's new two-year Preventive Medicine Residency aims to address a critical shortage of medical epidemiologists. Residents will gain expertise in disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and immunization plans, with initial participants already securing jobs in the field.
A new $4 million grant from the NIH will explore four sets of factors contributing to childhood stuttering, including language function, epidemiology, motor/physiological functions, and psychological factors. Researchers hope to identify risk factors and predictors for recovery.
Elderly individuals with untreated systolic hypertension are three times more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular events than those with normal blood pressure. Early treatment for high blood pressure significantly reduces cardiovascular risk, particularly among those free of detectable disease at study entry.
A population study found that hypospadias was more than 20 times as common in boys whose mothers were exposed to DES during pregnancy. Research on exposure to DES may be relevant to current concerns about weaker oestrogens in oral contraceptives and other substances.
A commonly prescribed medication for treating endometriosis appears to elevate the risk of ovarian cancer, according to a new study. Women taking danazol were nearly three times more likely to develop ovarian cancer than those taking leuprolide, an anti-androgenic medication.
A new study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention suggests that dietary habits can significantly reduce colon cancer risk in individuals with a family history of the disease. Eating a diet high in folic acid, low in alcohol intake, and moderate in methionine may help lower this risk.
Research suggests that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may help prevent chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers, in elderly female patients. Studies have shown a 35% lower risk of developing these wounds among HRT recipients.
A recent study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that men with higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were more likely to father boys. Researchers analyzed data from 208 children born to 101 families, where PCB levels were detectable in both fathers and mothers.
A new study by Yale researchers found that many risk factors for early breast cancer are also linked to advanced breast cancer. The study, which included over 1,000 women diagnosed with early breast cancer, revealed a correlation between family history, previous breast biopsy, and older age at menopause.
A new UCSF study reveals that the KSHV epidemic in San Francisco gay men occurred before the HIV epidemic, and was linked to oral intercourse. The study found a steady prevalence of KSHV infection among gay men from 1978 to 1995, despite a significant decline in unprotected anal intercourse.
Older people living in inadequately heated homes are three times as likely to suffer from chronic ill health. Those who reported being cold most of the time during winter were nearly five times as likely to experience reduced daily activities and poor health.
Men with shorter legs are more likely to develop insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes and an increased risk of heart disease. Leg length is linked to nutritional and environmental factors during childhood, suggesting it as a key indicator for disease risk.
A study published in Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that stroke victims are at twice the risk of suicide compared to the general population. The increased risk remains for up to five years after the stroke, with patients under 50 and those hospitalized for less than two weeks being particularly vulnerable.
The Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center is studying the effects of lifestyle interventions such as stretching, breathing exercises, and yoga on managing asthma symptoms. Asthma affects approximately 12 million American adults, resulting in significant healthcare costs.
A large study found that animal-based nutrients are strongly associated with increased risk of stomach and esophageal cancers. Conversely, a diet rich in plant-based nutrients, such as dietary fiber and vitamin C, may help lower cancer risk.
The study confirms a suspected global epidemic of childhood obesity, with higher rates in the US compared to Russia and China. Obesity prevalence varies by socioeconomic status and geographic location, with urban areas and affluent families more likely to be affected.
Research found workplaces open late on Saturdays and with only male employees or black/Asian workers have increased risk of on-site killings. Limitations include lack of data on personal characteristics or behaviors contributing to workplace homicide.
Researchers found that adolescents and young adults accounted for a relatively high proportion of all cases of meningococcal meningitis. The study revealed that infection in this age group led to death more often than expected due to higher rates of smoking, ecchymoses, and septic shock.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found a direct positive relationship between lifetime female sexual partners and the risk of prostate cancer in middle-aged men. Men with 30 or more partners had over twice the risk of developing prostate cancer compared to those with fewer partners.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that breastfeeding for two or more years significantly reduces breast cancer risk among Chinese women. The study showed a 50 percent reduction in breast cancer risk for women who breastfed for more than 24 months, compared to those who did not.
A large-scale epidemiology study found that patients with TIA are at high risk for stroke, cardiovascular events, and death within 90 days. The study identified five independent risk factors associated with increased stroke risk, suggesting that aggressive treatment and targeted therapies may reduce stroke incidence in TIA patients.
Researchers analyzed data from over 500 cases of bladder cancer and found that smoking increases the risk. Coffee drinkers who also consumed tobacco were three times less likely to develop bladder cancer than non-coffee drinking smokers.
The university will support its new Clinical Research Scholars Program, which aims to improve patient care quality through translational research. The program will teach physicians and researchers essential skills in biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, and study design.
A new study by UNC Chapel Hill researchers found that pregnant women with low calcium intake have higher levels of lead in their bloodstream due to rapid bone turnover. Calcium consumption can minimize this effect, but the study also suggests that even low-level exposure may pose health risks.
A study suggests that dietary fat is unlikely to cause breast cancer, but rather depletes the body of an essential nutrient that protects against the disease. The research concludes that age and oestrogen also play a role in breast cancer development.
A recent report from the World Bank suggests that violence against women is responsible for one out of every five working days lost. Research found a third of women aged 40-50 had been abused as children, with common symptoms like joint pain and fatigue more likely in those who were beaten or sexually abused.
Children born prematurely are 3 to 4 times more likely to be educational underachievers than full-term children. Targeted educational intervention programs can help maximize their academic potential. The study controlled for age, race, maternal education, and foster-care placement.
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study found that regular garlic consumption reduces stomach cancer risk by half and colorectal cancer risk by two-thirds. The researchers pooled data from 22 studies worldwide to confirm the protective effect, but note that supplements may not be as effective.
A new study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill suggests that current PSA screening strategies should be changed. Testing men at ages 40 and 45, and then every two years after age 50, may prevent more deaths than waiting until age 50.
A study analyzing data from 28 countries found that a diet rich in olive oil was associated with a decreased risk of bowel cancer. The researchers discovered that meat and fish consumption, particularly high amounts, increased the risk of the disease, whereas cereal and vegetable intake had a protective effect.
A 2000 study found that olive oil consumption was associated with a decreased risk of bowel cancer, regardless of the amount of fruit and vegetables in the diet. The protective effect may be due to olive oil's ability to reduce bile acid production and increase diamine oxidase enzyme activity.
A new study found that farming overall is protective against breast cancer in women, but pesticide exposure boosts their risk slightly. Women who farmed more than 23 years had a 40% lower risk of breast cancer.
A nationwide study of over 16,000 women found that common menopause symptoms vary across ethnic groups, socioeconomic statuses, and lifestyle habits. Symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness were more prevalent in African American and Hispanic women, while Japanese and Chinese women reported fewer symptoms.
A new study has found that osteoporosis doubles the risk of fractures in nursing home residents, particularly those with better mobility. Researchers discovered that 80% of women in the study had osteoporosis and that low bone mineral density increased fracture rates.
A health survey of Hong Kong police officers found that longer exposure to passive smoking was associated with more time off work, doctor visits, and medication use. Non-smoking men exposed for over a year were twice as likely to take time off and 30% more likely to have respiratory symptoms.
A study analyzing perinatal records found that 33.1% of pregnant women in Nova Scotia smoked before their pregnancy, with 69.9% continuing to smoke throughout. An accompanying commentary provides guidance for physicians to increase smoking cessation rates among pregnant women.
The International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment will discuss successes and failures of research on human exposure to toxic metals. Major themes include risk assessment, environmental epidemiology, and human health effects, with a focus on protecting children from toxic metals.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center found that low-dose oral contraceptives offer a 40% reduced risk of ovarian cancer, similar to high-dose pills. The protection begins soon after use and continues for at least 30 years after stopping.
Researchers refute earlier research suggesting high triglyceride levels increase heart disease risk in men. In a new study, triglyceride measurements were found to be no help in predicting heart disease in men, unlike women where it was a good predictor of risk of heart attack and death.
The University at Buffalo will host a global conference on environmental health, bringing together over 500 researchers and experts from around the world. The conference aims to assess the worldwide disease burden caused by environmental problems and build connections among health centers in Pan America and globally.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh found that female physicians in Pennsylvania earn significantly less than their male counterparts, with women earning 14% less per hour. Despite accounting for demographics and training, women are more likely to be in low-paying specialties and take time off due to child care.
The Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) will convene in Baltimore to share frontline reports on current and emerging patterns of drug abuse. Researchers from across the US will present data on localized drug use problems, providing valuable insights into national trends.
A recent UI study found that long-term exposure to radon in the home is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The study, which included 1,027 Iowa women, found that close to 60% of homes exceeded the EPA's action level for radon, leading to a significant increase in lung cancer risk.
A new study has found a significant link between radiation exposure and an increased risk of multiple myeloma among nuclear workers, with older workers facing the highest risks. Workers exposed to ionizing radiation had a 3.5-fold higher mortality rate compared to those with lower exposures.
A UNC-CH study reveals that fewer than 5,000 patients in North Carolina use cardiac rehabilitation services despite being eligible for Medicare coverage, leading to concerns about disparities among women and minority groups who are disproportionately affected by heart disease.
Research in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that divorced and separated men are more than twice as likely to commit suicide as married or partnered men. The study analyzed data from a long-term US research project, which included around 472,000 men and women.
Research analyzing births in Malta and Western Europe from 1890 to 1995 found a strong association between lower birth rates for boys and colder climates. The study suggests that warmer climates favor the birth of boys, possibly due to temperature affecting fertility and sex ratios at birth.
A large US-based study found a distinct association between low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and increased suicide risk among electric utility workers. The study, published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, suggests that EMF exposure may contribute to depression and suicidal behavior, particularly among youn...
A Boston study found that marijuana smoke increases the risk of a heart attack by nearly five-fold within the first hour, but the effect decreases rapidly over time. The study used a multicenter design and included 3,882 patients who survived heart attacks.
Middle-aged and elderly marijuana smokers increase their risk of a heart attack by more than four and a half times during the first hour after smoking, according to a recent study. The study found that the risk of a heart attack is highest in the first hour after use, but drops significantly after two hours.
A new study published in the American Heart Association finds that eating legumes, such as beans and peas, at least four times a week can lower the risk of heart disease by 19%. The study examined data from over 11,000 men and women and found that frequent bean-eaters had a 9% reduced risk for all forms of cardiovascular disease.
A large case-control study of nearly 1,000 Connecticut women found no significant association between PCBs or DDE exposure and breast cancer risk. The research suggests that previous studies on the topic have been inconclusive due to small sample sizes and lack of consideration for modifying factors.
A study of 616 middle-aged men from Finland found that those experiencing high levels of hopelessness were three times more likely to develop hypertension. The link between hopelessness and cardiovascular disease is considered a critical factor in increased risk, independent of other known risk factors.
Scientists discovered a PAX9 gene mutation causing congenitally absent molars in a Houston family, revealing insights into the genetics of human tooth development. The study, published in Nature Genetics, used molecular epidemiology and DNA analysis to identify the responsible gene, which is activated early in tooth development.