A recent study found that type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk of fractures in older women. The increased risk is thought to be primarily caused by impaired physical function rather than skeletal characteristics.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open demonstrated the effectiveness of AI in detecting myopia, strabismus, and ptosis using smartphone images. This technology has the potential to facilitate early detection of pediatric eye diseases in a convenient and accessible manner.
A recent study found that generative AI images of physicians exhibit demographic biases, with a disproportionate representation of white and male physicians. The study highlights the potential for these biases to reinforce stereotypes and undermine diversity initiatives in healthcare.
A cross-sectional study of 13,000 pediatric emergency department visits found that school reopening after a COVID-19 disruption was associated with an increase in acute psychiatric emergencies. School stress may be a significant factor in youth mental health, highlighting the need for further investigation into mediating factors.
This study highlights small to moderate effect sizes of early childhood screen use on cognition and social skills, emphasizing the importance of considering context when making recommendations; intentional and productive screen use, age-appropriate content, and co-use with caregivers are key factors.
A survey study estimates that 15.6 million US adults consume at least one potentially hepatotoxic botanical product within the past 30 days. Turmeric is the most commonly reported botanical, followed by green tea, ashwagandha, Garcinia cambogia, red yeast rice, and black cohosh products.
The number of semaglutide prescriptions filled reached 2.6 million in 2023, with Wegovy accounting for most fills since its approval in June 2021. Most Wegovy fills were among commercially insured populations, despite the disproportionate burden of obesity in Medicaid and Medicare Part D.
A qualitative study highlights the dangers of unregulated online semaglutide sales, with vendors shipping falsified products. The US has seen a 1500% increase in semaglutide-related calls to poison centers, underscoring the need for enhanced pharmacovigilance.
Maintaining stable hemoglobin A1c levels in individualized target ranges may lower Alzheimer disease and related dementias risk. Lower HbA1c time in range could identify patients at increased risk of these conditions.
A cohort study found that aspirin use was associated with a greater absolute reduction in risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with less healthy lifestyles. Lifestyle risk factors may help identify those with a more favorable risk-benefit profile for cancer prevention with aspirin.
A novel AI tool has been shown to accurately estimate gestational age from blind ultrasound sweeps, comparable to expert sonographers. The technology has the potential to democratize prenatal care in resource-limited settings by expanding access to quality diagnostic tools without the need for expensive equipment or specialized training.
A national survey of clinicians providing abortion found elevated moral distress among all practitioners, with those in restrictive states facing twice the stress. The study emphasizes the need for structural changes and policy reform to combat widespread moral distress.
A cross-sectional study found that universal background checks alone are ineffective in reducing firearm homicide rates, but permit requirements significantly lower these rates. Combining both measures could be an effective strategy to reduce firearm-related fatalities.
A 50-state survey of US adults reveals decreased trust in physicians and hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower levels of trust were associated with a lesser likelihood of pursuing vaccination, highlighting the importance of restoring public trust in healthcare.
A recent comparative effectiveness study found that restrictive firearm policies significantly lower firearm mortality. The study's findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize comprehensive regulation over individual policy changes.
A study found that city-level sugar-sweetened beverage taxes are associated with lower body mass index percentile among youth. Policymakers may consider implementing such taxes to prevent or reduce youth overweight and obesity, ultimately reducing chronic disease risk, particularly among children under 12.
The study found a disproportionate increase in female suicide rates relative to male preteens between 2001 and 2022. Suicide was the 5th leading cause of death among both males and females during this period.
A cross-sectional study found that 60% of youth suicide decedents lacked a preceding mental health diagnosis, with racial and ethnic minorities having lower odds of diagnosis. The study highlights the need for equitable mental health identification and lethal means counseling to prevent youth suicide.
A recent survey study found increased self-managed abortion attempts following federal abortion protection changes in the US. The study revealed that marginalized groups predominantly used ineffective methods, highlighting the need for expanded access to safe and effective abortion care.
This special issue of JAMA Network Open highlights scientific progress in combining social determinants and health outcomes to understand mechanisms underlying health disparities. The studies demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary integration in transforming health disparities research.
Researchers found that fecal microbiota transplantation did not offer significant improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Further studies on modified approaches or bowel cleansing are needed to better understand the impact of donor microbiota composition.
The AHA PREVENT equations could reduce eligibility for statin and antihypertensive therapy among 15.8 million US adults due to lower atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk predictions. This change may impact treatment guidelines and recommendations.
Infants born to mothers with obesity are at higher risk of SUID due to a dose-dependent association between increasing maternal BMI and SUID risk. Research suggests that maternal obesity should be added to the list of known risk factors for SUID.
Researchers studied Alzheimer disease blood biomarkers and found a strong association with incident all-cause dementia risk. Biomarker levels increased with age and were linked to dementia starting in midlife.
α-Synuclein pathology in asymptomatic stages is linked to NBM atrophy, leading to attention/executive impairment. MRI signatures can detect this pathology in memory clinic populations.
Researchers found that combining plasma p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 levels could predict early brain Aβ accumulation in people with subthreshold Aβ accumulation. These biomarkers may help screen participants for primary prevention trials.
Researchers found high diagnostic accuracy for identifying Alzheimer's disease using amyloid probability score 2 blood test and p-tau217 levels. The study suggests blood tests could influence clinical care, warranting further evaluation.
A recent study found that medical and educational debt collectively exceeds $150 billion among US health care workers. Educational debts disproportionately burden Black workers, while medical debts are more prevalent among women, home health personnel, and those with recent hospitalizations.
A survey of 5,991 participants found presumptive PTSD to be prevalent long after mass violence incidents, emphasizing the need for comprehensive screening efforts. The study suggests that MVIs have persistent impacts on communities, particularly those with prior exposure to trauma.
A cross-sectional study found that strict COVID-19 measures were associated with reduced pandemic mortality rates, likely due to behavioral changes. However, not all restrictions were equally effective, with some imposing substantial costs without significant benefits.
Community disadvantage status affects hospital stroke care services, with disadvantaged hospitals having lower certification rates. Hospitals in most advantaged communities show higher likelihood of becoming stroke certified.
Women with bilateral mastectomy have a greatly diminished risk of contralateral breast cancer, yet experience similar mortality rates as patients treated with lumpectomy or unilateral mastectomy. The study highlights the importance of considering long-term risks and benefits in breast cancer treatment decisions.
Critically injured trauma patients with private or Medicaid insurance tend to delay life-sustaining therapy withdrawals compared to uninsured patients. Socioeconomic factors, such as ability to pay, are likely associated with decision-making for withdrawing life-sustaining therapies.
Physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic were at higher risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Targeted interventions are needed to support physician well-being during traumatic events.
US adolescents have reported decreases in both medical and nonmedical use of prescription medications between 2009 and 2022. The study attributes these changes to factors such as revised prescribing guidelines and COVID-related school closures.
A cohort study found elevated risks of mortality, disability, and dementia among older adults with increased social isolation. The study highlights the importance of preventing increased isolation to mitigate its adverse effects on physical and cognitive function decline.
A cross-sectional study found more injuries and hospitalizations associated with electric vehicles, highlighting the need for safety changes in micromobility policies and infrastructure.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals significant gender differences in electronic health record (EHR) usage among surgeons. Female surgeons were found to spend more time documenting patient encounters and writing longer notes compared to their male counterparts.
A randomized study found that individuals with cash benefits had significantly reduced emergency department visits and hospital admissions. The study suggests that policies addressing poverty through income support may have a positive impact on health and access to care.
A cohort study found that prenatal cannabis use was associated with several negative maternal health outcomes during pregnancy. The study emphasizes the need for further research on how different aspects of prenatal cannabis use may impact these associations.
A randomized clinical trial found that overground robot-assisted gait training using a wearable robot significantly improved gross motor function and gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy. The study suggests that this type of assistance may complement standard rehabilitation by providing adequate support.
A study reveals that sexual and gender minority adults in the US have a higher risk of developing epilepsy due to unique biological and psychosocial factors. The findings highlight the need for protected access to medical care for this population.
A randomized crossover trial found that a joint-AI model improved clinical diagnosis, but future trials are warranted to confirm its effectiveness. The AI model demonstrated positive human-AI interaction, suggesting its potential to facilitate accurate diagnoses.
A large population-based case-control study found a small increased risk of composite adverse outcomes with long-term oral corticosteroid use among individuals with atopic dermatitis. Health professionals must weigh benefits against potential risks, and monitor for adverse events.
A nested case-control study found that completing fecal immunochemical tests lowers overall death risk from colorectal cancer, particularly in the left colon. The association was observed across racial and ethnic groups, supporting its use in population-based screening strategies.
A cohort study found that a healthy prenatal dietary pattern was linked to reduced risk of autism diagnosis and social communication difficulties in offspring. Adherence to this dietary pattern was not significantly associated with reduced restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
Despite improved workplace conditions, nurses face significant challenges, including high planned departure rates and abusive events. The study emphasizes the need for initiatives to support nurse retention and reduce workforce instability.
A comparative study evaluates three digital interventions as supplemental tools in healthcare systems. The findings suggest these digital interventions can support patients during waiting list-related delays in care.
A population-level study found no increase in neonatal and infant mortality rates during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. However, social distancing measures were linked to higher preterm birth rates with a lag period.
A new study found that an electronic health record (EHR)-based nudge intervention significantly decreased low-value axillary surgery in older women with clinically node-negative, HR+/HER2− breast cancer. The user-friendly intervention could be beneficial for other practice settings or patient populations.