A team of UCSF specialists predicts 24-hour seizure risk using brain activity patterns that foreshadow seizures. The discovery may improve quality of life for 2.9 million Americans living with epilepsy.
A new US-based database of hurricane evacuation orders can help leaders and communities increase resilience, create better policy, and ultimately reduce loss of life. The HEvOD database includes nationwide public-facing evacuation orders from 2014-2022, offering insights into effective strategies for future emergencies.
A recent study found that one-third of adults with medical debt and depression or anxiety delayed mental health care in the previous 12 months. Medical debt significantly increases the likelihood of delaying or forgoing mental health care among those with these conditions. The study highlights the need for healthcare systems to improve...
A digital archive created by archivist Jeff Kramer highlights the contributions of Albanian laborer Emin Kani Barin to UC's historic excavation at Troy. Kani's impressive skills and work ethic earned him recognition from Carl Blegen, the expedition leader, who described him as the dig's most important worker.
The HumanIC project focuses on designing hospitals with human-centered indoor climates to minimize the spread of airborne pathogens and improve thermal comfort. This can lead to a 9-20% reduction in costs associated with airborne diseases.
A study from Drexel University researchers found that temperature extremes are associated with higher rates of missed primary care appointments, particularly among older adults and those with chronic conditions. The study suggests that telemedicine coverage could help mitigate this issue as climate change worsens.
A study on the Han Chinese population found that natural selection signals linked to cold environments, subsistence strategies, and pathogen exposures shaped their biological adaptation. The research identified genes related to metabolism, such as FADS and MTHFR, associated with these adaptations.
A new citizen science initiative, FruitWatch, has significantly enhanced the accuracy of predicting flowering times for fruit trees across Great Britain. The study's findings show notable latitudinal delays in flowering times and provide precise, location-specific predictions for farmers.
A cross-sectional study in Australia and Canada found that physical exercise is associated with fewer depression symptoms in people with osteoarthritis. The study suggests that exercise may be particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing severe pain, improving mental health outcomes.
Site-specific digital twins offer a promising approach to urban design and community engagement by integrating virtual and physical realms, promoting inclusive and responsive development. The concept encourages scalability and specificity in applying DT techniques, facilitating data integration and cross-scale twinning.
Researchers found that anxiety disorders and depression significantly elevate the risk of incident DVT. Stress-related neural mechanisms may increase DVT risk through heightened activation of stress pathways.
A new study reveals significant discrepancies in the effectiveness of political ads on Facebook and Instagram, favoring more extremist groups. Over 70% of parties used user profiling in their ads, and the far-right AfD proved to be the most effective, with ads almost six times more efficient than competitors.
Researchers found two male skeletons with severe fracture and trauma injuries, suggesting earthquakes triggered building collapses during the 79CE eruption. The study provides new insight into the destruction of Pompeii, shedding light on the complex interplay between volcanic and seismic phenomena.
Researchers investigate interfacial hydrogen bond structure and dynamics to maximize catalytic activity in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Depositing three water layers in a water vapor environment is optimal for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, according to the study.
Karthik Suresh's dissertation on meson decay in GlueX earned him the prestigious 2023 Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) Thesis Prize. His work built upon previous research by Ahmed M. Foda and Amy M. Schertz, contributing to the development of a spectrum of mesons.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne have developed a compact, high-efficiency metasurface-enabled solenoid beam that can draw particles toward it. The technology has the potential to reduce pain and trauma associated with current biopsy methods.
The new guidelines from the Surgical Infection Society offer updated recommendations for antimicrobial agent selection, source control, and treatment of specific pathogens. These evidence-based guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mortality rates from intra-abdominal infections globally.
Researchers found that subretinal adeno-associated virus 8 injections trigger proinflammatory T-cell responses, but co-injection of immunodominant peptides can modulate the immune system. This study suggests a new approach to AAV gene therapy for retinal diseases.
Scientists have developed a formalised view to systematically compare internal world models across species. This enables the analysis of human and animal world models and their application to improve artificial intelligence. The study also aims to better understand mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia.
Research from the University of Illinois Chicago found that oil drops can break into smaller droplets at the surface, spreading pollution throughout the ocean. Increasing water viscosity may help prevent this process, making cleanup easier.
Researchers found an intermediate-mass black hole in star cluster IRS 13 near SgrA*, suggesting it could be a 'seed' for the central supermassive black hole. The discovery provides insights into the galaxy's evolution and the formation of intermediate-mass black holes.
Scientists at Yokohama National University have successfully developed a roll-to-roll process to create elastic substrates for stretchable electronic devices. The resulting materials demonstrated functionality even when stretched by 70%, opening up new possibilities for wearable technology and smart packaging.
Researchers discovered that OTX2 interacts with splicing factors to control alternative splicing in genes fueling medulloblastoma development. Disturbing the PPHLN1 gene splicing with an anti-PPHLN1 drug reduces tumor growth, opening possibilities for improved treatments.
A large cohort of primarily low-income, Black and white adults found persistently unhealthy sleep to be significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that maintaining regular sleep schedules over time may reduce the risk of adverse cardiometabolic conditions.
A recent study revealed that the rare Tibetan cypress has significantly reduced harmful genetic mutations, thanks to genetic purging. This process allowed the species to maintain its genetic health despite its small population size and habitat constraints.
The emergence of artemisinin-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites in eastern Africa threatens the efficacy of treatment and control strategies. To combat this, experts recommend using triple ACTs, enhanced community health worker networks, rapid diagnostic testing, and antimalarial treatments.
Researchers assembled and analyzed the genomes of two distinct mulberry cultivars to pinpoint key genetic variations and the pivotal role of MaVHAG3 in anthocyanin accumulation. The study highlights intricate genetic and molecular processes regulating fruit coloration in mulberries.
A UC Riverside-led research team found that obesity causes chronic changes in the brain, leading to reduced connections between neurons and lower testosterone levels. The study suggests that the primary site of obesity's effects on reproductive function is the brain, rather than the testes or pituitary gland.
The 65th Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds includes significant updates to bird species classifications. Species splits for House Wrens and Barn Owls, as well as a lumping of Redpolls, are among the changes. These revisions provide taxonomic and nomenclatural foundation for bird rese...
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that mental health apps can significantly reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in individuals waiting for their initial psychiatric appointment. The study, which involved over 2,000 patients, showed improvement in all groups, regardless of the app used.
Researchers discovered that multiple ant species have evolved specialized relationships with understory trees in Central America, mirroring similar mutualisms found elsewhere. The study suggests that these interactions can evolve independently, with two distinct clusters emerging around 3 million years ago.
A cohort study found that a healthy prenatal dietary pattern was linked to reduced risk of autism diagnosis and social communication difficulties in offspring. Adherence to this dietary pattern was not significantly associated with reduced restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
A new study has found that expanding rural areas around cities can cool down urban temperatures, with the largest effects seen in areas where the rural ring extends for at least half the city's diameter. The researchers recommend joining up patches of rural land and planting more woodland to mitigate urban over-heating.
Dr. Pamela Rendi-Wagner, new ECDC Director, stresses the need to restore and reinforce public trust in science after the COVID-19 pandemic. She highlights challenges such as war, climate change, and social inequalities, which can lead to misinformation and reversed medical advances. ECDC is taking steps to implement its expanded mandat...
A meta-analysis published in Ecopsychology found that even brief nature exposure can have a positive effect on symptomology, including affect, anxiety, and depression. The study suggests using nature exposure as an intervention to improve health and wellbeing for adults with mental illness.
A large-scale egg freezing study in London found consistent, predictable, and reliable success rates comparable to those of routine IVF. The 15-year study followed up on almost 30,000 eggs frozen between 2008 and 2022, with a live birth rate per embryo transfer of 26%.
A new study by researchers tracked how French infants aged four to 12 months use their mother's scent to perceive faces. The ability to perceive faces greatly improves between four and 12 months, with younger infants benefiting the most from the presence of their mother's odor.
Scientists assembled high-quality genome sequence of Amur grape, revealing its evolutionary journey and genetic secrets behind exceptional cold tolerance. The study identifies key genes responsible for resveratrol accumulation and sex determination, offering new avenues for grape breeding and cultivation.
Researchers at Ehime University have discovered a tRNA modification enzyme called ArcS that can act on nucleosides as substrates. The enzyme was found to recognize the preQ0 base in tRNA, not just its three-dimensional structure, and can synthesize archaeosine through a previously unknown pathway.
Researchers uncover CsGPA1's role in regulating floral organ number and fruit shape in cucumbers through the CLAVATA signaling pathway. This breakthrough offers insights into genetic manipulation for crop breeding improvements.
A study suggests that hydroxyurea alters the developmental process of ovarian follicles but not their quantity. Ovarian tissue samples from patients with SCD showed no significant difference in primordial follicle density between those who received hydroxyurea and those who did not.
Researchers found that different nitrogen forms impact leaf anatomy, affecting photosynthesis efficiency. NH4+ nutrition leads to lower photosynthesis due to thicker cell walls and fewer chloroplasts. Optimizing nitrogen form applications can enhance photosynthesis and plant growth, particularly in crops like Lonicera japonica.
A new study has sequenced and assembled the genome of chieh-qua, a cucurbit crop with significant economic importance in Asia. The high-quality genome assembly provides valuable resources for future genetic and breeding research aimed at improving crop yield and quality.
Researchers found that radioactive cesium moves rapidly through the soil and decreases in fine roots of cedar trees, promoting a self-cleansing effect that can aid in forest decontamination. This phenomenon has implications for developing new forest decontamination methods.
A study published in Appetite found that individuals with strong moral values prioritizing purity are more likely to reject lab-grown meat. The research suggests that emotion and moral values play a significant role in shaping attitudes toward cultured meat.
The FDA approval of lifileucel, the first commercial tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, marks a major advancement in personalized cancer treatment. Moffitt researchers are expanding this therapeutic approach to treat other solid tumor cancer types, such as lung, sarcoma, cervical and bladder.
Researchers sequenced genomes of 179 wild-caught flies and museum specimens, producing low-cost, high-quality DNA sequences. The new data helps refine our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among 360 species in the Drosophilidae family.
Researchers developed OptoGPT, an algorithm that designs optical multilayer film structures for various applications. It produces designs in 0.1 seconds and contains six fewer layers on average compared to previous models.
Researchers found that well-draining soils and vegetation can manage runoff on solar farms, while engineered stormwater controls can mitigate unmitigated runoff. The study provides new insights into hydrological phenomena on solar farms, particularly on steep and complex landscapes.
A Cleveland Clinic-led study found that maternal Zika virus infections can reprogram fetal immune development, leading to long-term consequences in children's immunity. The changes occur even in children born without physical or neurological symptoms of congenital Zika syndrome, suggesting a broader impact.
Researchers have spotted the first signs of the Sun's next 11-year solar cycle, which is expected to start in about six years. The detection was made using sound waves inside the Sun and shows a faint indication of Cycle 26, similar to what happened during the previous cycles.
Researchers found that administering PEPITEM to older mice reduced exaggerated immune responses, indicating a potential geroprotective agent. The study also revealed an age-related decline in the PEPITEM pathway, which could be rescued by the peptide.
Researchers from Rice University discovered that viruses achieve precise timing in cell lysis by balancing the buildup and breakdown of holin proteins. This balance ensures optimal cell bursting, essential for viral replication, despite underlying randomness in biological processes.
A Montana State University researcher has developed nano-scale materials that can convert carbon dioxide into chemical building blocks, marking a potential step forward in reducing atmospheric CO2. The materials mimic enzymes and have the ability to selectively capture CO2 from the air.
A NASA experiment suggests that amino acids can survive just under the surface ice of Europa and Enceladus despite harsh radiation. This finding bolsters the case for future life-detection measurements by Europa and Enceladus lander missions.
A recent study found that habitual doomscrolling on social media can lead to feelings of existential anxiety, pessimism about human nature, and distrust. Researchers surveyed 800 university students from Iran and the US, discovering a link between excessive negative news consumption and increased anxiety, despair, and misanthropy.
A Yale University study suggests that retrofitting homes with efficient insulation and sealing leaky windows can reduce rodent infestations, while also decreasing wasteful energy usage. The research found that large-scale retrofitting schemes can be effective in excluding rats from homes and increasing predation across neighborhoods.
A study decoded the genetic factors governing highbush blueberry regeneration, identifying key auxin-related genes and transcription factors crucial to shoot regeneration. The discovery could transform plant regeneration techniques, offering new pathways for agricultural innovation.
Despite improved workplace conditions, nurses face significant challenges, including high planned departure rates and abusive events. The study emphasizes the need for initiatives to support nurse retention and reduce workforce instability.
A novel strategy using venetoclax and azacitidine demonstrates significant anti-cancer effect with mild toxicity for relapsed/refractory AML patients. The treatment showed markedly better survival rates after one year compared to a control group, with improved 'graft-versus-leukemia effects' via alterations of immune cells.
A recent study published in Nature Medicine analyzed millions of patient records to measure healthcare system resilience and adaptability during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that US healthcare systems exhibit moderate resilience but low adaptability, particularly for Black and Hispanic populations.
A large-scale randomized controlled trial found no difference in live birth rates between time-lapse imaging and standard approaches used in IVF. The study suggests that time-lapse imaging does not improve clinical outcomes for women undergoing fertility treatment, contrary to theoretical benefits.
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates found in retail chicken meat poses a significant threat to public health. The study found a dramatic increase in multidrug-resistant S. Infantis, which has been linked to high levels of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.
Researchers at HKUST have developed a novel strategy to create solid-state electrolytes with high performance, achieving exceptional ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transport capability. The new electrolyte enabled the fabrication of a full cell demonstrating an initial discharge capacity of 141.5 mAh g−1 at room temperature.
A meta-analysis of existing research found that spending time in nature, even as little as 10 minutes, can yield short-term benefits for adults with mental illness. The analysis examined 30 years of published research on the social, mental, and physical health effects of exposure to nature.
Researchers found that rotifers acquire genes from bacteria and produce resistance weapons, such as antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. The team's findings suggest that rotifers could give important clues in the hunt for new antibiotics to treat human infections.
A team of researchers led by Professor Beom-Kyeong Park has made a breakthrough in enhancing solid oxide fuel cell efficiency with a rapid PrOx coating method. The study demonstrated significant enhancements in SOFC electrode performance, reducing polarization resistance and boosting peak power density.
Researchers have discovered significant chromosomal translocations in the apricot genome affecting acidity and sugar content. The study also found substantial gene flow between plum and apricot, with introgression regions linked to post-embryonic development and pollen germination.
The UNLV study found that brain activity patterns change with the number of experiences, not time, and that increasing speed affects perception. The research suggests that our brains register a 'vibe' about time, making it faster when we're having fun or doing tasks efficiently.
Researchers have found eight storm deposits in New Jersey's Cheesequake State Park wetlands, including evidence of a hurricane as early as 1584. These sediment records allow for a new geological record to be generated, enabling scientists to look further back in time than current instrumentation allows.
A comparative study evaluates three digital interventions as supplemental tools in healthcare systems. The findings suggest these digital interventions can support patients during waiting list-related delays in care.
The European Space Agency's PLATO mission aims to find nearby potentially habitable worlds around Sun-like stars. The space telescope will blast into orbit in December 2026 and study the stars using a range of techniques, including asteroseismology, to work out their masses, radii, and ages.
Researchers have successfully designed transmembrane β-barrel pores with custom shapes and properties, enabling miniaturization of sensing and sequencing applications into portable devices. The design method uses computational tools to control the shape and chemistry on a molecular level, resulting in stable and quiet signal generation.
Flexible optical fiber sensors utilize soft and elastic materials for stretchability, enabling sensitive tracking of strain in vivo and in vitro. The technology has vast potential in human monitoring, healthcare, biomedical applications, and soft robotics.
Researchers at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology developed a novel nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon-coated thick GF electrode to suppress the crossover phenomenon in flowless zinc-bromine batteries. The new electrodes effectively prevented self-discharge, improving battery performance and lifespan.
Researchers explore non-invasive physical stimulation to alter tumor vasculature, extracellular matrix, and immune responses, enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. This approach breaks physical barrier limitations of the tumor microenvironment, optimizing existing protocols.
Scientists have successfully synthesized a new SmFe-based magnetic compound, exhibiting superior intrinsic magnetic properties compared to traditional NdFeB compounds. The compound's high magnetization and anisotropy field make it suitable for electric vehicle applications without the need for critical rare-earth elements.
A recent study has identified the CpMYB62 transcription factor as a key regulator of female flower development in Cucurbita pepo. The researchers found that this gene mutation impairs female floral transition and can be partially reversed by ethylene, indicating its critical role in sex determination pathways.
Researchers have used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to improve groundcherry's growth habit and fruit characteristics. This breakthrough could lead to increased crop yields and reduce the need for pesticides. The study also highlights the potential of groundcherry as a model species for studying plant biology.
Researchers found that mulberry microRNAs can shape silkworm development and phenotypes by influencing gene expression in recipient animals. This study reveals the previously unrecognized role of plant-derived miRNAs as environmental determinants of animal development.
Research highlights additional health benefits of GLP-1 drugs beyond glucose and weight control, including reduced heart and kidney diseases. The potential mechanisms underlying these benefits include reducing systemic inflammation and its effects on various cellular pathways.
A population-level study found no increase in neonatal and infant mortality rates during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. However, social distancing measures were linked to higher preterm birth rates with a lag period.
A landmark study has successfully decoded the complete ginseng genome, providing a detailed genetic map of Panax ginseng. The study highlights key evolutionary insights into its subgenomes governing saponin biosynthesis, crucial for the plant's medicinal properties.
A large-scale genetic study found that genetic data from diverse groups, including non-European populations, can provide critical insights into health disparities. The study identified population-specific signals and unique genetic variations associated with specific traits or conditions, highlighting the importance of diversity in und...
A new study by Salk scientists reveals a key gene that enhances plants' zinc tolerance, allowing them to thrive in toxic conditions. The discovery enables the development of crops more resilient to soil contamination, a major goal of Salk's Harnessing Plants Initiative.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism by which iron oxide minerals recycle phosphorus from DNA and RNA molecules, transforming them into bioavailable inorganic forms. This finding uncovers a missing piece of Earth's puzzling phosphorus cycle, highlighting the importance of understanding natural phosphorus recycling mechanisms.
A new study found that federal regulations aimed at improving heavy-duty truck energy efficiency could lead to a 20% reduction in energy savings. The increased cost of trucking makes it cheaper for shippers to use trucks instead of rail, resulting in higher overall energy consumption.
The project will sequence the genomes of eukaryotic species in Catalan-speaking territories to characterize genomic biodiversity. This will help design tools to minimize biodiversity loss and extinction.
Scientists have successfully collected and profiled lung biomarkers from human breath, developing animal models to identify key markers for early detection of metastatic lung tumors. The research establishes a scientific roadmap for an exhaled-breath test, which may revolutionize the diagnosis and surveillance of human lung diseases.
A new study by Kishore Gawande finds that China's nationwide protection of private property rights in 2007 turbocharged its business climate. However, the country is now reversing course, with potential investors pulling back due to weakening property rights. This could lead to lower economic output and tax revenues for local governments.
Researchers identified AcMYB266 as a crucial transcription factor governing the red coloration in pineapple peels. The study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms behind fruit peel pigmentation, offering valuable insights for breeding high-quality red-skinned pineapple varieties.
A new study uses machine learning to analyze the genetic diversity of two amphibian species, finding that different processes shaped their evolution. The research suggests that population demographic events and contemporary landscape factors played a significant role in shaping the genetic variation of these species.
A new method uses deep learning and gold nanoparticle patterns to detect tampered chips with high accuracy. The approach outperforms previous methods in detecting counterfeit chips, offering a promising solution for the $75 billion industry.
A new neural network-based tool can predict the emergence of rogue waves up to five minutes into the future with 75% accuracy. The tool has been trained on 14 million sea surface elevation measurements and was able to correctly forecast rogue waves near 172 buoys in the continental US and Pacific Islands.
The study analyzed over 1.8 million SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to track virus variant spread and evolution. The introduction of free rapid antigen tests, mask regulations, and movement restrictions led to a significant decline in new variants entering Germany.
Researchers found that fruit-eating birds eat more closely matched fruits near their geographic range edges, resulting in a narrower foraging niche. This specialization may help explain geographic variation in species' fitness and responses to environmental change.
Studies explore converting leftover wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction into fertilizer for agricultural crops. Using a fungal treatment, researchers found significant increases in nitrate and ammonia concentrations, increasing nutrient availability. The method also removes toxic compounds, enabling circular economy applications.
Researchers from Drexel University have identified two compounds, AD-5584 and AD-8007, that selectively kill cancer cells and block tumor growth by targeting a key metabolic enzyme in cancer cells. These findings show early success in shrinking breast cancer tumors in brain metastases and offer hope for more effective therapies.
A new study using data from the VA Million Veteran Program reveals substantial similarities in the genetic architecture of complex traits across four population groups. The analysis identified 26,049 variant-trait associations and showed that non-European populations contribute significantly to genetic diversity.
Researchers discovered that hydrogen nanobubble irrigation boosts tomato antioxidants by 16.3–264.8% compared to traditional irrigation methods. The unique ability of hydrogen nanobubbles overcomes the limitations of hydrogen's low solubility and fast diffusion, promoting higher antioxidant levels in tomatoes.
A special issue of the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics explores the effects of various fasting regimens on body weight, cardiometabolic disease risk, and sleep. The study found that time-restricted eating can result in clinically meaningful weight loss and reduction in liver enzymes in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.