A mother's obesity during pregnancy may program her son's liver metabolism and lead to glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity in adulthood. Transplacental extracellular vesicle RNA signaling is thought to play a key role in this effect.
The concept of Persistent Intracellular Extraintestinal Microbes (PIEM) expands human microbiome research to the body's internal tissues, influencing health and disease. PIEM, including latent viruses and bacteria, regulates host physiology over years and decades, affecting immune responses, vascular homeostasis, and chronic diseases.
Researchers found traditional water decoction preserves MIR2911's antiviral activity while modern manufacturing processes like ethanol-based extraction reduce it. The study suggests that process parameters can impact RNA stability and functionality.
A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals that paternal exercise can confer endurance capacity to offspring through sperm microRNAs. Exercise-trained fathers pass on specific microRNAs to their offspring, which reprogram gene regulatory networks and promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
Researchers propose a new concept, RNA immunity, which suggests small RNA molecules play a direct role in fighting viral infections in mammals. Endogenous and exogenous small RNAs can bind to viral RNA sequences and inhibit replication.
Researchers engineered human spleen into bioreactor capable of curing diabetes and growing functional organs. The spleen's unique structure hosts billions of transplanted cells and provides a nutrient-rich environment for cell growth.
Researchers have reprogrammed the spleen into a high-performance bioreactor to nurture transplanted cells and demonstrate compatibility with human and animal-derived cells. The study paves the way for addressing organ shortages through cross-species solutions.
A new 'glycan glue' based on glucomannan has been developed to repair damaged spinal discs, enhancing tissue hydration and maintaining disc height. The treatment also improved mechanical stability and alleviated pain in rat and rabbit models.
A novel therapeutic strategy for superbug infections has been discovered using the siRNA-AGO2 complex. This complex inhibits bacterial gene translation by delivering AGO2-loaded siRNA into bacterial cytoplasm, downregulating resistance genes and converting multidrug-resistant bacteria into methicillin-sensitive ones.
Researchers have successfully regenerated human epidermal keratinocytes into sweat gland-like cells using a combination of chemicals. These cells, called ciSGCs, restored thermoregulatory sweating and released bioactive factors to stimulate tissue repair in burned skin.
Researchers found that mulberry microRNAs can shape silkworm development and phenotypes by influencing gene expression in recipient animals. This study reveals the previously unrecognized role of plant-derived miRNAs as environmental determinants of animal development.
Small extracellular vesicles from young blood have been shown to dramatically extend lifespan, rejuvenate whole-body physiology, and reverse age-related degenerative changes in mice. The study demonstrates that these vesicles stimulate the expression of PGC-1 through their miRNA cargoes, ultimately improving mitochondrial functions.
The research group evaluated the on- and off-target effects of a self-assembled EGFR siRNA delivery system, finding potent interference with only 1/2000000 of synthetic transfection amount. Transcriptomic analysis revealed minimal off-target effects in normal tissues and significant anti-EGFR effects in tumor cells.
A recent study reveals a brain mechanism linking physical exercise to improved mood by activating a hypothalamo-cerebello-amygdalar circuit. The circuit, involving the cerebellum, bridges motor and emotional systems, indicating that motor-dependent alleviation of anxiety may be linked to the persistence of exercise on mood.
Extracellular RNAs have been found to play a significant role in intercellular communications, signaling homeostatic changes between origin and recipient cells. The term RNAkine has been proposed for these extracellular ncRNAs, highlighting their unique regulatory scale in biological processes.
A recent study published in Advanced Science has successfully regenerates thyroid glands in the spleen, restoring hormone levels and physiological homeostasis in mice with total thyroidectomy. The innovative approach leverages the spleen's unique properties to create a favorable environment for thyroid regeneration.
Human SIDT1 and SIDT2 proteins form dimers and higher-order oligomers to bind small RNAs in a pH-dependent manner, enabling their transport into the cytoplasm. This study elucidates the molecular basis of RNA uptake by these proteins, shedding light on their functional regulation.
Researchers found that cold exposure increases the secretion of miR-378a-3p by brown adipose tissue, which stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis. This process is essential for regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis during cold stress.
A novel KRAS mutation promotes tumor evasion from innate immune surveillance by activating CD47, leading to decreased phagocytosis of cancer cells. Disruption of the KRAS-CD47 signaling axis with siRNA or inhibitors restores innate immune surveillance and enhances macrophage phagocytic capacity.
Scientists discover a way to train healthy immune cells to acquire tumor cells' skills for accelerating diabetic wound healing. TAMs-educated macrophages promote cell proliferation, resolve inflammation and orchestrate vasculature.
A new study developed a synthetic biology strategy for delivering siRNAs through small extracellular vesicles, alleviating intestinal inflammation and exerting synergistic effects against ulcerative colitis. The approach offers an attractive option for combination therapy and holds promise for treating autoimmune diseases.
Researchers successfully reprogrammed a mouse spleen to perform liver functions without transplanting cells or tissue from another body. The study demonstrates the potential of transforming an existing organ to perform liver functions, avoiding safety issues associated with traditional methods.
Researchers developed a novel strategy to deliver siRNA therapeutics directly to the brain, reversing Huntington's disease symptoms and improving behavioral deficits. The approach utilizes exosomes to facilitate siRNA delivery, avoiding invasive procedures and safety concerns.
A new study reveals that four miRNAs can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, with lower levels in elderly and diabetic individuals. Exercise boosts the level of these miRNAs, providing better protection against COVID-19.
A study has identified a microRNA-like small RNA encoded by SARS-CoV-2 as a reliable biomarker for stratifying severe COVID-19 patients from mild/moderate ones. This biomarker enables early detection of high-risk individuals, allowing for optimized treatment and improved treatment outcomes.
This study highlights PGC1α's role in maintaining vascular smooth muscle cells' contractile phenotype and reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation. Overexpression of PGC1α attenuates high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits, showing its therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.
Researchers have discovered that depleting macrophages in tumors activates tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells, eliminating large, RT-resistant colorectal and pancreatic cancers. SIRPalpha-depletion transforms the tumor microenvironment into a potent tumoricidal niche.
Scientists have discovered nano-scaled apoptotic bodies as a new brain-targeting drug carrier, overcoming the blood-brain barrier challenge. The small apoptotic bodies (sABs) are stable in serum, have a long circulating time, and high drug loading efficiency, making them a promising candidate for drug delivery.
A new siRNA delivery system allows for in vivo self-assembled small RNA synthesis, enabling potent target gene silencing in various diseases. This strategy overcomes the limitations of conventional delivery methods, offering a promising approach to RNAi therapy.
Researchers developed a bioactive coating that sequentially turns on and off inflammation on bone implants under osteoporotic conditions. The coating harnesses the power of immune responses to enhance implanting efficacy without increasing the number or stimulating function of bone cells.
A new approach to extend probiotic survival in vivo is developed using Smectite, a drug commonly used for gastrointestinal diseases. The study found that Smectite promotes lactic acid bacteria (LAB) biofilm formation, leading to increased anti-tumour immune responses and improved immunotherapy efficacy.
Researchers discovered pancreatic beta cells secrete miR-29 family members to promote insulin resistance and enhance hepatic glucose output. This finding reveals a new mechanism linking obesity-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes's pathogenesis.
Researchers identified pancreatic β cell-derived exosomal miR-29 family as a new mechanism that regulates glucose homeostasis through liver. Exosomal miR-29s negatively regulate insulin signalling pathway via targeting p85 α, attenuating the suppression of insulin on glucose output.
A glutamatergic neuronal circuit from the prelimbic prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens is responsible for co-occurring anxiety and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors. Histamine presynaptic H3 receptor activation in this circuit ameliorates stress-induced anxiety and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors.
Researchers found that a genetic mutation in SIDT1 protein reduces the absorption of MIR2911, a key component in SARS-CoV-2 treatment, leading to reduced antiviral effects. People carrying this mutation had lower serum levels and exosome levels of MIR2911 compared to those without the mutation.
A new study reveals that the mammalian stomach absorbs dietary miRNAs via SIDT1, a transmembrane family member. This finding uncovers a novel physiological function of the stomach and sheds light on orally delivered small-RNA therapeutics.
A new study found that absorbed plant miRNA MIR2911 in honeysuckle decoction can directly target SARS-CoV-2 genes and inhibit viral replication. Drinking the decoction accelerates negative COVID-19 patient conversion, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Researchers found that absorbed miRNA MIR2911 in honeysuckle decoction can directly target SARS-CoV-2 genes, inhibit viral replication, and accelerate the negative conversion of infected patients. Drinking the decoction accelerates the recovery process.
A study by researchers at Nanjing University found that synaptic variability allows the nervous system to generate variable motor programs, enabling flexibility and adaptability. This mechanism is crucial for learning new activities and adjusting to changing environments.
Researchers from Nanjing University and University of Macau successfully transformed a mouse's spleen into a fully functional liver, overcoming key challenges in tissue engineering. The innovative approach could potentially provide a new solution for patients with end-stage organ failures due to limited donor availability.
Researchers at Nanjing University have developed a novel RNAi therapy using plant-derived silencing RNAs to inhibit HBsAg expression in mice, showing potential for affordable and effective treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The approach uses methylated short interfering sequences produced by plant endogenous microRNA biogenesis machiner...
Researchers have discovered that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) differentiates human hematopoietic progenitor cells into a long-lived, immunosuppressive monocyte subset for viral latency. This unique cell population is identified through specific surface proteins and can evade the T-cell immune response.
Researchers found that NatD promotes lung cancer progression by preventing histone H4 serine phosphorylation, leading to increased invasiveness and poor clinical outcomes. Depletion of NatD suppresses EMT via repression of Slug expression, suggesting a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Plant miRNAs in beebread/pollen delay honeybee caste differentiation and keep ovaries inactive, inducing sterile worker bees. This study reveals a new mechanism for RNA regulation in insect development.
Researchers have developed a chemical-biological strategy for microRNA target identification using photo-clickable miRNAs. This approach enables the identification of target genes associated with miRNAs without disrupting their function, revealing new insights into miRNA-involved cellular regulation pathways.
A research team at Nanjing University found that PKM2 promotes exosome release by phosphorylating SNAP-23, which controls the dock and release of secretory granules or exosome-containing multivesicular bodies. This study demonstrates for the first time that PKM2 plays an essential role in promoting tumor cell exocytosis.
A new study found that 24 hours of fasting induces a miRNA-149-3p-mediated subcutaneous to visceral fat switch via suppression of PRDM16 in mice. This switch may play a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and could have implications for obesity and metabolic disease prevention.
A novel Ebola virus-encoded microRNA-like fragment serves as a biomarker for early diagnosis of Ebola virus disease (EVD). This fragment was found to be detectable in the blood of patients before the development of viremia, suggesting its potential to advance the diagnosable window for EVD.
Researchers have developed an innovative approach to treat drug addiction using RVG-exosome delivered RNAi against the opioid receptor mu (MOR). This method successfully down-regulates MOR in mouse brain and rescues opioid relapse. The study demonstrates the potential of this therapy for treating CNS diseases.
Researchers at Nanjing University have discovered new epigenetic markers for colorectal cancer, which may offer a new approach for treatment. The study found that heterochromatin protein HP1γ was critical for CRC cell proliferation and could be specially regulated by miR-30a.