New measurements show that human-induced carbon dioxide emissions have penetrated deep into the North Atlantic, altering the ocean's isotopic signature. The Suess effect is detectable in nearly all North Atlantic water masses, with strongest signals in young, subsurface waters.
A new review suggests metformin's interactions with multiple hallmarks of aging, including cellular energy balance, nutrient-sensing pathways, and epigenetic regulation. The study identifies strong evidence for metformin's effects on aging biology, including improved insulin sensitivity and reduced oxidative stress.
Researchers found a correlation between social media use and self-reported depression, with respondents who spent at least 150 minutes on social media per day experiencing increased depression. The study suggests that social media use can have negative health effects, particularly for adults.
Researchers found that dietary tryptophan supplementation can prevent sepsis by enhancing macrophage bacterial defense through GPR37 activation, which increases phagocytic ability against bacteria. IPyA, a key metabolic product, directly binds to GPR37 on macrophages, activating RAC1/CDC42 and increasing phagocytosis.
Daraxonrasib, the first approved RAS-targeted therapy, nearly doubles median overall survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, with a 60% reduced risk of death. The phase 3 RASolute 302 trial showed substantial improvement in overall survival and cancer progression compared to chemotherapy.
A new study found that online review platforms can be vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can be triggered by analyzing users' review lengths and social connections. The researchers suggest adding noise to the data to reduce the risk of identity theft and phishing attacks.
A new study suggests a simple urine test could improve kidney transplant decisions by using donor urinary biomarkers, increasing accuracy and availability of transplanted kidneys. The study found that combining these biomarkers with the widely used Kidney Donor Profile Index significantly improves prediction of transplant success.
A new study published in Neurology found that a brain scan biomarker can predict the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in people with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The biomarker measured gray matter shrinkage in key brain areas, predicting faster progression and higher risk of dementia.
Researchers found a pattern of brain atrophy visible on MRI that can predict disease progression in people with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. This discovery could help clinicians identify patients likely to have a slower or faster disease course, supporting treatment and care planning.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have been approved for PCORI funding to implement healthy lifestyle interventions and metformin prescription to manage weight gain in SGA-treated youth. The project aims to increase the number of youth with overweight/obesity who are offered metformin and healthy lifestyle education.
Researchers found that longer-lived bats have higher levels of cancer-fighting genes and an immune system that can mount an overwhelming attack against infectious organisms and cancer. This discovery suggests that understanding one will help scientists understand the other.
Scripps Research will establish an open-access autonomous chemistry laboratory with a $19.5 million NSF award, advancing AI-driven discovery and education in chemistry. The lab will utilize AI and automation to streamline chemical reaction discovery and optimization, making it more efficient and accessible to a broader community.
The University of Louisville is launching the Nutrition and Metabolic Health Center to tackle chronic diseases, with a focus on prevention and new treatments. Researchers will investigate the impact of nutrition and environmental factors on health, with the goal of improving prevention and treatment options.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that a brain mutation causes cells to remain immature, leading to tumor formation in specific brain regions. This discovery may lead to therapies tailored to childhood brain cancers.
Michigan State University has received a $30 million grant to establish a turbulence research center, bringing together experts in physics, mathematics, engineering, and AI to understand and control turbulence. Researchers will focus on applications for energy, transportation, aerospace, and advanced manufacturing, with the goal of res...
A team of Weill Cornell Medicine investigators developed a computer model that helps scientists efficiently develop protein-degrading therapies. The new model could lead to more targeted treatments for cancer, particularly those with cancer-causing mutations.
Scientists at Harvard Medical School have devised a simpler method to produce new proteins without genome recoding or organisms, enabling researchers to design proteins using up to 34 amino acids. This breakthrough allows for faster, safer production of new medicines and expands protein engineering capabilities.
Research at the University of Vienna discovered that scoop-shaped pores on anther pores determine how pollen is released, with narrower, more targeted jets and faster speeds. This finding is crucial for understanding buzz-pollination and its importance in light of climate change and declining bee populations.
Researchers developed an ultralight, anisotropic SiC aerogel with a density of less than 41.8 mg/cm³, demonstrating high-temperature insulation performance. The aerogel's orientation-dependent electromagnetic absorption properties were also shown, with the perpendicular-growth sample delivering outstanding comprehensive properties.
Researchers in Germany have developed a thermographic screening approach to identify short peptide sequences that respond to carbon dioxide. The study combines combinatorial solid-phase peptide synthesis with infrared thermography, identifying two tripeptides that show reproducible thermographic responses when exposed to CO2.
Researchers observed atomic-scale double-slit interference, enabling the measurement of phonon behavior and vibration of neighboring atoms. This technique may contribute to the development of semiconductor materials with efficient heat dissipation.
Researchers discovered Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans bacteria in geese feces in China carrying carbapenem and tigecycline resistance genes. The bacteria showed high resistance to meropenem and reduced susceptibility to tigecycline. Genome sequencing revealed two distinct resistance-associated regions, one carrying bla PST-2 and the oth...
A research team has identified a novel enhancer that controls the tissue-specific expression of Scleraxis, a key transcription factor for tendon, ligament, and entheses formation. The enhancer, capable of recapitulating Scx gene expression in developing limbs, is highly conserved from lobe-finned fishes to tetrapods.
The study found that lifetime risk of developing breast cancer ranges from less than 1% in low-income countries to over 16% in wealthier nations. The risk of dying from breast cancer varies dramatically across regions, with very high HDI countries having the highest lifetime risk at 10.37%.
A study of 25 European cities found that only 11.6% of climate strategies include green spaces, despite their potential to alleviate climate change effects such as heatwaves and heavy rain. Cities prioritize measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but neglect adaptation strategies that incorporate green spaces.
A study by Edith Cowan University found that customer loyalty programs work best when retailers offer personalized benefits, provide exceptional customer service, and are transparent about their pricing. The research highlights the importance of trust, commitment, and perceived benefits in customer engagement with loyalty programs.
A global study estimates the lifetime risk of developing and dying from colorectal cancer, revealing stark disparities by country, sex, and age. The study's findings highlight the need for tailored prevention and screening strategies, with a focus on high-HDI countries and low-resource settings.
Capuchin monkeys turn to vertebrate prey during times of plant food scarcity, a pattern similar to human carnivory. Males hunt more often and prefer fat-dense tissues, suggesting a preference for brains and guts.
Two new studies from Karolinska Institutet suggest that inflammation and genetic factors may contribute to cluster headache, a rare neurological disorder characterized by severe headache attacks. The studies also found that exposure to substances in tobacco smoke may interact with biological mechanisms in the condition.
Research identifies aberrant ERBB4 expression in excitatory neurons as an early driver of Alzheimer's disease pathologies, including neuronal hyperactivity, synapse loss, and cognitive decline. Manipulating ERBB4 expression in mouse models reveals its role in driving disease features, including reactive gliosis and amyloid buildup.
A global study found widespread permafrost degradation, with increases in active layer thickness at 55% of Arctic sites and 38% of Antarctic sites. Mountain regions experienced the fastest changes, driven by Arctic warming and increasing rainfall. More monitoring is needed to understand regional drivers of permafrost change.
A University of Kansas researcher is using FDA addiction science to test the addictive properties of hyperpalatable foods. She will recruit participants and provide them with different food stimuli, then measure their responses to determine if the foods have reinforcing effects. The study aims to identify specific ingredients that boos...
A new catalyst design boosts Pt fuel-cell performance and durability, tackling the ORR trilemma with record-breaking results. The WN-metal-N-C platform provides a practical roadmap for next-gen, low-platinum fuel cells.
MIT researchers developed a framework, CrysVCD, to generate stable materials with desired properties, reducing the need for extensive screening. The approach improves material stability by 70% and supports the creation of high-performance materials, such as computer chips and data centers.
A new study by UTEP researchers found that early nicotine vapor exposure increases nicotine seeking behavior in adult male rats, even after long periods of abstinence. The study suggests that early exposure to nicotine vapor can lead to durable changes in the brain's reward system, driving nicotine-seeking behavior into adulthood.
This article highlights the collaboration between Chile's Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity and Colombia's Humboldt Institute, which aims to build a Latin American model of socioecological research. Through a series of working sessions, researchers and communities engaged in dialogue and reflection to develop a collaborative model ...
Researchers developed a risk calculator that estimates short-term risk of diabetes complications using routine health data. The tool analyzes insurance claims and electronic health record data to provide monthly, encounter-level risk estimates.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new approach to diagnose sepsis-causing bacteria in blood infections, which can rapidly identify the specific pathogens and ideal antibiotics. This new approach, called STREAM, enables faster diagnosis and treatment, potentially reducing antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
A new tool called Socratic Challenger uses AI to help undergraduate students cultivate critical thinking skills in research question development. The framework, consisting of eight steps, including AI-enabled tasks, enables students to think critically about research and develop meaningful research questions.
Four assistant professors, Yahong Yang, Sammy Luo, Lebing Chen, and Kunyan Zhang, join Binghamton University as Simons Empire Faculty Fellows, bringing expertise in quantum materials and artificial intelligence. Their research focuses on developing new technologies, including energy-efficient systems and next-generation sensing platforms.
The 21st Century Cures Act led to a significant decrease in the number of studies relied on for FDA approvals, from 3.41 to 1.39, between 2016 and 2024. This shift has raised concerns about the safety and effectiveness of new therapeutics.
Researchers combined narwhal measurements with historical oceanographic data to build a robust model showing how temperature, salinity, and depth are related. The study found that warm Atlantic Intermediate Water has become thicker, accelerating glacier melting and influencing ocean circulation and climate patterns.
A new study reveals that support from spouses and friends is crucial for successful weight loss, differing from current public health approaches. This research emphasizes the need for tailored lifestyle practices that consider individual experiences.
Researchers discovered repeated night-time bursts of hormone secretion in patients with primary aldosteronism, a hormone disorder that affects up to one in five people with high blood pressure. This approach could potentially revolutionize how we diagnose hypertension and ultimately reduce cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have discovered evidence of cacao consumption by the Mississippian people in the 12th century at the Etowah Site in Georgia. The findings suggest that cacao was a staple at feasts in the region during this time period.
New research finds that 560 million children aged 0-9 are exposed to at least 1 additional month of heat stress due to climate change, with exposure expected to grow under further warming. The study highlights that children are disproportionately affected by heat stress, with the number of children affected projected to increase to 620...
The NHS 10 Year Health Plan fails to mention nature or biodiversity, a critical omission in mental health care and prevention strategies. The authors argue for a shift towards nature-based approaches to address the growing burden of mental health issues.
A nationally representative survey reveals that more than 4 in 10 US adults reporting childhood abuse are less likely to attend breast and cervical screenings. This disparity underscores the importance of trauma-informed healthcare approaches to improve cancer screening rates among survivors.
Researchers developed a 3D human stem cell-derived retina model to study CLN3-Batten disease, a rare inherited condition causing early vision loss and progressive neurological decline. The model showed that damage to RPE support cells can trigger photoreceptor degeneration, highlighting a complex picture of the disease.
A Northwestern University study identified 33 diagnoses associated with extreme heat exposure, including skin conditions, multiple sclerosis, and traffic accidents. The findings could help emergency departments and health care systems better prepare for heat waves, which are becoming more prevalent with climate change.
A new study published in Science Translational Medicine found that immune responses to urinary tract infections during pregnancy are linked to preterm births. Researchers identified specific immune responses, including cytokines and immune cells, that initiate adverse outcomes. Supplementing pregnant women with interleukin-10 or trappi...
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have discovered a way to make wireless communication devices more adaptable by creating tiny distortions in a material's structure. This breakthrough could lead to smarter antennas, more efficient networks, and next-generation communication technologies.
A new study identified why men struggle with weight loss, finding traditional diet programs are often perceived as too restrictive and female-focused. Support from spouses and incorporating sport or physical activity may be key to successful weight-loss initiatives tailored for men.
A high-entropy electrode has been developed to improve the efficiency of green hydrogen production through anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis. The electrode, containing five metal elements, demonstrated excellent oxygen evolution performance and long-term stability in tests.
A non-invasive eye-tracking study reveals that gibbons gaze into the eyes when looking at others, a behavior shared with humans, great apes, and macaques. The study provides new insights into the evolutionary foundations of face perception and social information processing in primates.
The SKKU research team developed an LLM-based platform that proposes synthesis conditions and procedures for complex new materials. The platform iteratively refines itself based on experimental results, scoring an average of 4 out of 5 on key synthesis variables.
The study found that structural connectome embeddedness reveals a dynamic organizing dimension of human brain activity, where whole-brain functional activity is constrained by global structural topology. Higher CoDE values indicate stronger brain activity patterns embedded in structural connectome topology.
Researchers Dr. Laura Marie Helleckes and Dr. Bianca Schacherl receive grants from the Carl Zeiss Foundation to explore new methods for biotechnology and cancer treatment. They aim to identify scaling issues in biotech production processes and develop new spectromicroscopic platforms to analyze radioactive elements in biological samples.
The BMJH Sankalp Center for Paediatric Haematology Oncology has achieved JACIE certification, a landmark milestone for haematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy in India. This certification ensures safe and effective care for children with life-threatening blood disorders.
The synergistic use of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enhances precision and safety in brain tumor surgery. IOUS provides real-time anatomical localization, while CEUS visualizes tumor vascularization and infiltrative margins, facilitating precise resection and residual tumour detection.
Climate warming is affecting snail populations in China, linked to schistosomiasis transmission, with warming affecting snail survival and density. The study shows that seasonal temperature exposure, geography, and land use together determine where snail populations may expand or become vulnerable.
Researchers developed a cross-scale predictive framework to track emerging contaminants' behavior in rivers. The framework reveals distinct mechanistic rules for three major classes of contaminants, enabling reliable predictions and risk assessment.
A team of researchers from Wits and Bordeaux demonstrated a new way to send information through the atmosphere without correcting for atmospheric distortion. The findings, published in Science Advances, could help pave the way for more reliable long-distance optical communication, including links to satellites and spacecraft.
A new study reveals that mitochondria in dry plant seeds are fully functional and contain the necessary proteins for cellular respiration. This allows seeds to germinate rapidly within minutes of water uptake, using stored carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for energy.
A recent study analyzing 3.7 million menu options from 340 German university canteens reveals a significant shift towards more plant-based food environments. Vegan options increased by 275%, while meat-based dishes declined, leading to estimated annual reductions of 8,000 to 40,000 kilograms of CO₂ equivalents.
A review suggests targeting LRG1 could provide a new approach to cancer therapy, with extracellular blockade and intracellular degradation potentially addressing different components of LRG1 biology. This could complement established anti-angiogenic treatments and enhance apoptosis in cancer cells.
This special issue of Cancer Biology & Medicine presents a comprehensive snapshot of global cancer incidence and mortality, highlighting emerging trends and risk factors. The collection offers actionable insights for prevention and early detection, leveraging large-scale population data and innovative analytical frameworks.
A new study suggests that phytoene, a colorless precursor of lycopene, may contribute to tomatoes' protective effects against fatty liver disease. Mice given phytoene developed substantially less fatty liver disease than those without the compound.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center used proteomics and AI to identify a seven-protein signature in blood plasma that reliably indicates vasculitis remission. This biomarker could enable precise treatment with fewer side effects, improving patient outcomes.
A USF researcher explores whether human oversight is meaningful when AI has already shaped the information reaching a decision-maker, raising questions about AI ethics and responsibility. The researcher's findings highlight the need for greater awareness of the systems in which AI research and use are embedded.
A new study found that extreme heat is associated with higher alcohol consumption among adults 50 and older, particularly those with negative childhood experiences. The study suggests that experiences from childhood may remain relevant to drinking patterns decades later.
Researchers at Van Andel Institute discovered that Legionella bacteria use a protein called RomA to manipulate the host's epigenetic landscape, allowing it to survive and multiply. However, this manipulation is also subject to the host's rules, revealing a complex two-way conversation between host and pathogen.
A WVU researcher is working to make AI systems more transparent about their uncertainty, to prevent misinformation and improve trust in high-stakes fields like healthcare. The goal is for AI systems to identify when they're unsure and ask questions or provide more nuanced responses.
A study led by Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that children of centenarians live longer and have lower risks of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The research, analyzing data from three geographically diverse studies, suggests that inherited biological factors beyond lifestyle contribute to exceptional healthy aging.
A study by Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that cochlear implants can significantly improve hearing and listening skills in children with severe hearing loss, even at younger ages. The study showed that most children experienced meaningful improvements within a year after receiving a cochlear implant.
A new study from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that neighborhoods with medium levels of walkability had a 15% lower rate of developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus. However, the association varied depending on individual and neighborhood socioeconomic circumstances, including Medicai...
Researchers Vincent Vatter and Robert Brignall found 55 times out of 1096 daily puzzles, the game 'lied' about high scores, with an average error of 2 points. They computed the true high score for every possible combination using a novel approach to reduce the apparent complexity of the problem.
A national study led by Lurie Children's Hospital finds that doctors may not always agree on common signs of pneumonia, such as crackles and decreased breath sounds, when examining the same child. The study suggests that a physical exam alone may not be enough to confidently diagnose pneumonia in children, highlighting the need for bet...
A study of 1.26 million bariatric surgery patients found 5.3% had extreme obesity, defined as a BMI of 60 kg/m² or higher. Despite a higher burden of health conditions, surgical risk remained relatively low, with complications occurring in 2.57% of cases.
UT MD Anderson Cancer Center is honoring the exceptional leadership of Dr. Peter Pisters, who announced his retirement to focus on his next career chapter. Dr. Jeffrey E. Lee has been named interim president, effective immediately, and will work closely with Pisters until the end of September.
A study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior found that adults with visual impairment have medium to high culinary skills, but still face barriers to independent meal preparation, underscoring the need for accessible cooking education and support. The study identified factors associated with culinary skill levels,...
A global initiative, Global Wastewater Day, was launched to harness wastewater as an early warning system for public health protection. The initiative brings together scientists, governments, and public health organisations to establish a coordinated global wastewater intelligence network.
Researchers developed flexible living textiles based on caterpillar fungus, enabling growth, repair, and environmental response. The materials also exhibit biological functions, such as self-cleaning surfaces and ultraviolet protection.
Researchers propose a quantitative view of temporal encoding in cellular signaling, suggesting that patterns of signaling activity over time carry information. This 'temporal code' offers a fundamental information-theoretic advantage over classical concentration-based encoding, enabling cells to process complex signals.
A team developed a bio-inspired flexible bimodal sensor that enables simultaneous photoelectric and pressure sensing, achieving high accuracy in object recognition and navigation. The sensor's homologous perception strategy provides inherently aligned signals without post-hoc fusion, enabling multimodal sensing applications.
SEAS researchers demonstrate a unique 'all-mechanical coherence protection' of a silicon-vacancy spin in diamond using continuous mechanical driving fields made of phonons. This approach extends the spin coherence time by roughly a factor of three, establishing the potential for compact, sound-based quantum networks on chips.
A new dysphagia nursing quality evaluation index system was developed for neurosurgical inpatients with stroke using the three-dimensional quality model and Delphi method. The system showed acceptable expert authority and preliminary internal consistency, suggesting potential applicability for nursing quality monitoring.
Researchers discovered that metformin significantly reduces the risk of early and preterm births for mothers at high metabolic risk. In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, women taking metformin had a 35% lower odds of giving birth prematurely compared to those receiving a placebo.
Researchers found that bats have evolved genes that enable them to live longer without disease, and that this adaptability is linked to their ability to resist cancer. The study suggests that bats' unique genetic mechanism allows them to diversify gene function, potentially leading to new insights for human health.
Researchers develop a polymer nanogel system called Nano-ERASER that uses antibodies to degrade targeted proteins, inducing neuron regeneration and restoring neural circuits in human brain organoids and mice with Alzheimer's disease. The study provides a critical step in regenerative neuroscience, offering a roadmap for a potential cure.
A new study found that people with Parkinson’s disease have altered extracellular vesicles in their stool samples, suggesting changes in microbial communication. The study suggests that these vesicles could serve as biomarkers for the disease and potentially reveal new therapeutic targets.
Scientists at HZB developed a solution to improve perovskite growth on textured silicon substrates, using a caesium chloride seed layer to enhance uniformity and prevent lead iodide formation. This boosts efficiency in tandem solar cells to record values.
A new study from Northwestern University found that coronary calcium scans are most valuable for patients with borderline cardiovascular risk. The scans added relatively little to risk prediction from existing risk calculators, but provided a clearer picture for those at intermediate risk. The study suggests that not everyone needs a c...
A US study found that low neighborhood opportunity is associated with a higher concentration of fatal police pursuit incidents. Disproportionate impact on low-opportunity communities was observed, suggesting that future research should examine pursuit frequency and lethality differences.
GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with lower mortality and cardiovascular events in serious mental illness patients. The benefits were evident within 1 year and were consistent across subgroups, driven by semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Scientists have developed a technique to measure the spectrum of a single molecule without destroying it. By using quantum information processing, they were able to detect the absorption of individual photons and identify a characteristic molecular vibration. This breakthrough enables precise spectroscopy of complex molecules and paves...
Researchers have developed paramedic cockroaches with cameras and medical injectors to deliver supervised emergency care to people trapped in collapsed buildings. The 'Paraborgs' achieved 95% success with close-range injection, demonstrating their potential to extend the reach of emergency medicine.
Researchers investigated the influence of thermocapillary convection on phase-change material melting under varying gravity conditions. The study found that aspect ratio is a key factor in determining the dominant convective regime, with thermocapillary effects dominating in flat cavities and natural convection dominating in cavities w...
Researchers at the University of Osaka found that pertussis-associated DNA in wastewater increased before reported cases, indicating a new early warning system for pertussis outbreaks. Wastewater surveillance has the advantage of capturing broader community-level trends, including mild or asymptomatic infections.
The Roman Space Telescope will discover new exoplanets using the Coronagraph Instrument, which combines coronagraphs and adaptive optics for improved contrast ratios. The telescope will also investigate the history of the universe and the contributions of dark matter and dark energy.
A research team has produced the first experimental verification of a theoretically predicted flow state in the interiors of rapidly rotating celestial bodies. The experiment replicated the physical processes that occur in stars and planets, providing a robust experimental basis for testing theoretical models.
JMIR Publications invites submissions on misinformation in scientific publishing to advance research integrity and quality. The journal explores mechanisms, detection, and mitigation strategies to counter the spread of misinformation in scholarly publishing.
A Swedish study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that patients treated with finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia experienced fewer serious complications after an acute heart attack. The risk of serious complications was 20.8% among those treated with finasteride, compared to 24.3% among matched controls.
SwRI has developed advanced computer models to realistically simulate supercritical CO₂ environments for CCUS, allowing for the testing of downhole equipment with CO₂. The test rig and computational models enable the observation of tool performance and reliability in realistic conditions.
Microplastics have been found throughout a protected Florida wetland, with concentrations highest along waterways. The study reveals that water movement plays a crucial role in transporting and concentrating microplastics within the ecosystem.
The book 'Power in Listening: The Sounding Out! Reader' explores how sound and listening shape our daily lives, culture, and political systems. It features 30 revised and expanded essays on topics such as sound and racial privilege, memoir as method, and popular culture, drawing on experiences from artists, activists, and scholars.
A study finds that dementia with Lewy bodies preferentially affects certain brain regions, including those with genes linked to mitochondrial function and synapses. These regions show distinctive patterns of serotonin, dopamine, and GABA receptors, suggesting a potential target for new treatments.
A study by the University of Copenhagen found that only 13% of workplaces in Denmark are ready to introduce more plant-based lunches, while 42% are resistant to change. Workplaces with high tertiary activities and employees who eat less meat tend to be more open to change.
Researchers partnered with Navajo Nation tribal leaders to educate residents on safe drinking water sources. They identified high levels of uranium and other heavy metals in well water, and developed best practices for distributing educational resources.
Scientists have created more durable and adjustable colors inspired by butterfly wings, offering a safer alternative to traditional pigments. The new colors, produced from pterin crystals, are also environmentally friendly and have commercial potential.
A study of over 2,000 people in the US and China found that the distinction between medical and non-medical traits does not match public preferences. When given information, people decide not to implant embryos with a raised chance of low IQ or antisocial behavior about as often as they decide not to implant embryos with a raised chanc...
Researchers have created a 3D map of a hidden 'rock glacier' in the Wasatch Mountains, one of over 800 in Utah, and found it contains enough frozen water to fill 600 Olympic swimming pools. The study uses a novel technique to image the 3D ice body within a large rock glacier, revealing the scale of ice storage in Utah's mountains.
Researchers discovered a molecular mechanism that helps plants stay cool during heat stress by keeping their natural cooling system active. The protein UBP24 plays a key role in regulating leaf pores to allow for evaporation and cooling.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have developed a vaccine that uses T cells to fight Zika virus, but one vaccine, with both antibody and T cell protection, showed long-term protection against the virus. This discovery offers a new hope in the fight against Zika and its close viral relatives.
Tuberculosis bacteria can evolve to withstand airborne transmission and generate antibiotic resistance, according to a new study. Researchers identified a DNA repair gene called Mfd that helps certain drug-resistant strains survive transmission.
A hospital-based intervention combining training, quality improvement, and leadership support has been shown to reduce stillbirths and newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. The study, published in Nature Medicine, found a 22% decrease in early perinatal death and a 19% reduction in oxygen-deprivation-related complications among newborns.
A new study suggests that large volcanic eruptions can disrupt the relationship between atmospheric circulations of the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans. Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are now driving an unprecedented breakdown in inter-basin coupling, according to researchers.
A new AI framework reduces computational effort needed to optimize solid oxide electrolysis cells, improving hydrogen production efficiency and thermal stability. The framework achieved 14% improvement in electrochemical performance index and 80% reduction in temperature differences compared to baseline conditions.
The HydroGym platform uses reinforcement learning to train AI agents for actively controlling fluid flows, reducing drag and friction by up to 65%. The platform enables the systematic study of complex flows and improves the efficiency of airplanes, wind turbines, and other applications.
Researchers developed a tri-layer composite solid electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical durability, boosting lithium-ion mobility and suppressing dendrite formation. The new electrolyte achieved nearly four times higher ionic conductivity and demonstrated over 1000 hours of stable cycling in symmetric cell tests.
A new, simplified amoeba-inspired computing model streamlines information-processing while enabling physical implementation, breaking volume-conservation law constraints. The model enables diverse materials and physical phenomena, solving combinatorial optimization problems with improved efficiency.
The RENI-1 study found durable and clinically meaningful outcomes for niraparib maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer patients, with median PFS reaching 36.5 months. Long-term niraparib use was feasible, particularly in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, and did not adversely affect quality of life.
A large UK study found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce the risk of dementia, particularly for women who have undergone surgical menopause. The study, which followed over 180,000 postmenopausal women, found that HRT was associated with a 16% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to non-users.
A new AI-based diagnosis tool can detect hypertension and diabetes from a single facial video, with high accuracy and potentially reaching far more people than traditional screening methods. The algorithm can estimate blood pressure from a facial video alone, without a cuff.
Researchers emphasize the need for personalized drug delivery systems that consider tumor biology, location, and patient factors to effectively treat oral cancer. Mucoadhesive films, oral sprays, and injectable hydrogels are promising technologies, but their translation to clinical use depends on practical considerations.
A team of engineers has unveiled ScaFi, a robot that swims like a fish, with a flexible tail made of fiberglass rods and a rigid front section. The robot's design allows it to scale up or down, making it suitable for studying shallow creeks to open water, while preserving fish-like gait and motion.
A new study reveals the importance of land use in maintaining soil health, with high levels of organic matter found in private gardens and low levels in lawns. The research uses buried cotton underwear to measure soil activity and provides insights into how to promote healthy soil ecosystems.
A study found that high blood levels of xylitol were associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Researchers analyzed data from 17,710 participants and found a dose-dependent relationship between xylitol levels and cardiovascular event rates.
Researchers developed a novel divide-and-conquer approach for model checking linear temporal properties, called DCA2MC, to address state-space explosion and long verification times. The approach divides the original model checking problem into smaller, independent tasks, reducing memory consumption and verification time.
A research team at KIMS developed a flexible near-infrared photodetector with improved sensitivity and durability through p-type doping and electric-field optimization. The device achieved a 5.1-fold increase in photoresponsivity and demonstrated stable light detection across a broad wavelength range.
A new study finds that illness rates increase with proximity to the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, a site contaminated with radioactive and chemical waste. Wealthier residents, who were expected to take more action to protect themselves, were actually driven by fear to take precautions.
A study found that the FKBP5 gene, regulating stress hormones, is 'stuck on' in schizophrenia brains, leading to increased stress response and vulnerability to psychiatric conditions. The research suggests new treatment targets, targeting the gene, may develop to address this altered stress response.
A mother's obesity during pregnancy may program her son's liver metabolism and lead to glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity in adulthood. Transplacental extracellular vesicle RNA signaling is thought to play a key role in this effect.
A new study from the University of Surrey finds that traffic noise disrupts the benefits of bird song and other nature sounds, with negative impacts on stress reduction and positive mood changes. Reducing speed limits near parks and increasing vegetation could help mitigate this effect.