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Science News for March 1, 2016


A new way to stretch DNA

Researchers have developed a new way to controllably manipulate biomolecules like DNA using acoustic force spectroscopy. The technique stretches molecules by applying varying forces in a precise way, shedding light on chemical bonding and mechanical properties.

Identity unearthed

A new study published in American Anthropologist reveals the transformation of Egyptian and Nubian culture through cultural entanglement. The researchers found that individual choices played a significant role in shaping the development of the Nubian state, allowing it to eventually conquer Egypt.

SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalAmerican Anthropologist·DateMar 1, 2016

DTC genetic tests create conundrum for physicians, unrealistic expectations for patients

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing raises concerns about physicians' preparedness to discuss test results and potential downstream effects on the healthcare system. A study found that only a minority of consumers share their results with their doctor, often due to physician's inability to answer questions and address patient concerns.

SourceAmerican College of Physicians·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·DateMar 1, 2016

Long-term stress erodes memory

Researchers at Ohio State University found that sustained stress impairs memory and cognitive function in mice, with inflammation caused by the immune system being a key factor. The study suggests potential targets for pharmacological or behavioral treatment to interrupt inflammation and improve memory.

Zika virus medical countermeasures, challenges and opportunities

The Zika Response Working Group provides recommendations for countermeasures against the Zika virus, highlighting the need for open-minded responses and collaboration. Key findings include the potential of currently marketed drugs to have anti-Zika activity and the challenges of rapid vaccine development.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·DateMar 1, 2016

New climate study argues for carbon fee

A new study finds that climate change is becoming noticeable at mid-latitudes, especially in summer, with extreme events more frequent due to rising temperatures. The researchers argue that a carbon fee is needed to spur the transition to clean energy and reduce fossil fuel emissions.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalEnvironmental Research Letters·DateMar 1, 2016

New method to stop Argentine ants

Researchers at UC Riverside have found a more environmentally friendly way to control the spread of Argentine ants by adding their pheromone to bait. The pheromone-infused gel bait reduced ant activity by 74%, compared to 42% with traditional baits, and is an inexpensive modification to existing products.

SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalJournal of Economic Entomology·DateMar 1, 2016

Better biopsies through biofluidics

Researchers have developed a new method to acquire three-dimensional atlases of tissue that provide much more information, incorporating data on tissue structure and molecular profile. The new technique enables doctors or researchers to peer into the tissue and identify specific proteins within cells throughout the whole tissue.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalBiomicrofluidics·DateMar 1, 2016

DNA as a weapon of immune defense

Scientists have found that a social amoeba uses both phagocytosis and DNA nets to defend against bacteria, similar to the human immune system. This discovery could lead to new treatments for chronic granulomatous disease and other immune disorders.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateMar 1, 2016

Twin study: Genetics and environment affect different regions of the brain

Researchers found that genetics play a major role in the bilateral parietal lobes and left temporal lobe, while environment dominates other brain regions. This study provides insights into how nature and environment interact to shape our brains, potentially informing the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateMar 1, 2016

Using old drugs to treat new viruses

Researchers discovered that common drugs for psychosis and depression can prevent certain viruses from infecting cells by blocking potassium ion channels. This breakthrough finding has potential to stop deadly viruses from spreading and causing human disease.

SourceUniversity of Leeds·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateMar 1, 2016

Less connectivity improves innovation

In this experiment, participants were asked to discover successive innovations to produce a virtual remedy and stop the spread of a virus. The results show that fully connected groups performed well in the short-run but rapidly converged toward the same solutions.

SourceArizona State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 1, 2016

Hey boss: Workers prefer consistent jerk to loose cannon

A recent study published in the Academy of Management Journal found that employees who work for consistently unfair supervisors are less stressed and more satisfied than those with erratic bosses. The researchers suggest that prioritizing self-discipline and careful thinking can help deliver leaders who treat employees fairly most of t...

SourceMichigan State University·JournalAcademy of Management Journal·DateMar 1, 2016

New research helps solve the riddle of the ocean carbon conundrum

Scientists have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the ocean's role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Using satellite and ship measurements, they found that around a quarter of the CO2 released into the atmosphere ends up in the oceans, equivalent to two million double-decker buses or 72,000 Boeing 747s annu...

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalJournal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology·DateMar 1, 2016

Low vitamin D predicts aggressive prostate cancer

A new study by Northwestern University research found that low levels of vitamin D are associated with aggressive prostate cancer in men. Men with dark skin or limited sun exposure should get their vitamin D levels checked and supplement if necessary to reduce the risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·DateMar 1, 2016

Vitamin D supplements in pregnancy do not improve bone health

A randomized controlled trial found that vitamin D supplements during pregnancy have no significant effect on the bone density of babies. However, further analysis suggests that supplementation may counteract the seasonal drop in vitamin D levels caused by lack of sunlight, potentially improving bone health in winter-born babies.

SourceThe Lancet·JournalThe Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology·DateMar 1, 2016

New discovery opens doors to manipulating fat production in the body

Scientists have discovered that some human fat cells originate from stem cells in bone marrow, which could lead to new strategies for preventing and reversing fat-related chronic diseases. By manipulating the production of these cells, researchers hope to reduce the risk of conditions like cardiovascular disease and obesity.

First gene for grey hair found

Researchers identify IRF4 as the first gene associated with greying hair, revealing a genetic link to human aging. The study analyzed 6,000 people from diverse ancestry, uncovering additional genes influencing hair shape, curliness, and density.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalNature Communications·DateMar 1, 2016

Air pollution linked to higher risk of preterm birth for mothers with asthma

Pregnant women with asthma may be at greater risk of preterm birth due to exposure to high levels of traffic-related air pollutants like nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Early exposure, particularly in the months leading up to conception and during early pregnancy, was found to increase preterm birth risk by nearly 30%.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·DateMar 1, 2016

Around a third of workers fear for jobs and pay, research says

Research shows that 32% of workers feared losing their jobs, while 38% were anxious about pay cuts. The study found that working in the public sector made staff more likely to fear job losses, while being over 35 and working in routine or semi-routine jobs increased fears of worsening working conditions.

SourceSAGE·JournalWorld Allergy Organization Journal·DateMar 1, 2016

Link between ADHD and academic expectations identified by University of Miami researchers

A new study by University of Miami researchers identified a potential connection between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and increased academic expectations in young children. The study found that rising academic demands since the 1970s may have contributed to the doubling of ADHD diagnoses over the past four decades.

Pharmaceutical company performance improves when innovation and execution align

A study by Temple University researchers found that pharmaceutical companies can improve their performance by investing in commercial innovation and aligning their culture of execution. The study, published in the Journal of Medical Marketing, analyzed data from 26 large and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies.

SourceSAGE·JournalJournal of Medical Marketing Device Diagnostic and Pharmaceutical Marketing·DateMar 1, 2016

Celestial bodies born like cracking paint

A Duke University theorist proposes that the universe's varied body sizes are a result of internal tension release through hierarchical formation. This concept is rooted in Bejan's constructal law, which states that flowing systems will tend towards easier architecture by releasing tension through smaller, more numerous bodies.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Applied Physics·DateMar 1, 2016

Screening for impaired vision in older adults

The USPSTF found convincing evidence that visual acuity testing can identify refractive errors, but inadequate evidence on the benefits of screening and detection. Early treatment of refractive error, cataracts, and AMD improves or prevents loss of visual acuity, with small harms from early treatment.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA·DateMar 1, 2016

What you know can affect how you see

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that expertise influences how people process visual information, with novices faster to identify letter pairs but less accurate. The study used the Arabic alphabet and showed participants 2,000 pairs of letters, revealing biases in expert perception that went beyond visual features.

SourceJohns Hopkins University·JournalJournal of Experimental Psychology·DateMar 1, 2016

State laws boost flu vaccination rates in health care workers

Research led by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that state laws mandating influenza immunization for health care workers increased their vaccination rates from 22.5% to 50.9% between 2000 and 2011. The study suggests that stronger laws, including mandates and education, lead to higher vaccination rates.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalJournal of the National Medical Association·DateMar 1, 2016

Drinking more water associated with numerous dietary benefits, study finds

A study of over 18,300 U.S. adults found that increasing plain water intake by 1% daily led to significant reductions in calorie intake, saturated fat, sugar, sodium, and cholesterol consumption. The study suggests universal nutrition interventions promoting plain water consumption may be effective across diverse population subgroups.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJournal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics·DateMar 1, 2016

Signposts to the muscles

Researchers have identified a crucial protein complex, ASC-1, that guides the development of motor neurons and their target muscles. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into general disease mechanisms and potentially regenerative therapies for conditions like paraplegia.

SourceCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin·JournalAmerican Journal of Human Genetics·DateMar 1, 2016

Improving biorefineries with bubbles

Researchers at Tohoku University developed a new pretreatment method using sodium percarbonate and hydrodynamic cavitation to improve sugar formation in biomass. The method outperformed existing ultrasonic systems in producing fermentable sugars.

SourceTohoku University·JournalIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research·DateMar 1, 2016