Articles tagged with Insulin
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf develop a system to recreate amyloid formation on artificial surfaces, providing insights into disease mechanisms. The customized mica surface exhibits hydrophobic properties, facilitating the formation of oligomers and fibrils that can destroy cell surfaces.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered that particles in liquids don't always settle at the bottom based on size or speed. Instead, they arrange themselves in a way that achieves the lowest energy state, often resulting in a layered structure with larger particles at the bottom and smaller ones above.
A post-hoc analysis shows that JANUMET (sitagliptin/metformin) achieved better A1C goal attainment compared to metformin alone, particularly in patients with baseline A1C between 7.5 and 9.0 percent. The study found that nearly half of these patients achieved the target A1C level after 18 weeks on JANUMET.
New basal insulin analogs have improved diabetes management by reducing hypoglycemic episodes and improving blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. Modern physiological basal insulin replacement has made optimal blood sugar control a realistic target for diabetes management.
Mayo Clinic researchers are developing an artificial pancreas that will deliver insulin automatically and with individualized precision, reducing the need for daily insulin dosing and finger pricks. The system includes a blood sugar monitor, automatic insulin pump, activity monitors, and a central processing unit.
A Mayo Clinic research team has demonstrated a promising alternative strategy for treating type 2 diabetes by blocking the breakdown of insulin. In mouse studies, these mice showed increased insulin levels, weight loss, and improved blood sugar control.
Researchers have found that insulin directly affects the brain's reward circuitry, leading to increased food intake and obesity in mice. This study suggests that insulin resistance may contribute to the difficulty in managing weight loss. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have created a closed-loop artificial pancreas that can automatically monitor blood sugar levels and administer insulin to individuals with Type 1 diabetes. The device aims to reduce the guesswork involved in daily insulin management, which is crucial for maintaining stable glucose levels.
Researchers have clarified an important step in the complex control circuit of insulin in the brain. Insulin inhibits nerve impulses, suppressing feelings of satiety and increasing energy expenditure, promoting overweight and obesity.
A study of 82 diabetic patients undergoing CABG found aggressive glycemic control did not improve survival rates. Instead, it led to a higher incidence of hypoglycemic events without significant benefits in major adverse effects.
A low-dose insulin treatment has been found to suppress the expression of four precursor proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Insulin also showed anti-inflammatory effects on peripheral mononuclear cells, which may lead to a new therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Research finds micro-RNAs play a role in type 2 diabetes mechanism, blocking insulin's blood-sugar-reducing effect. Obese mice produce excess miRNA-143, which silences genes responsible for insulin activation.
Biologists at UC San Diego identified molecular mechanisms in fruit flies that enhance the nervous system's response to smell, potentially regulating human appetite. The discovery could lead to new ways to decrease overeating among obese individuals and increase appetites among the infirm.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a hormone pathway that could lead to new ways of treating type 1 diabetes independent of insulin. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has insulin-like characteristics and may offer an alternative treatment for diabetes.
A daily pill of pioglitazone prevented type 2 diabetes in more than 70% of participants with obesity and other risk factors. The study also showed a 31% decrease in carotid artery thickening, indicating improved glucose control.
Researchers at University of Manchester discover new treatments for congenital hyperinsulinism by correcting gene defects in insulin-producing cells. The breakthrough has the potential to reverse cellular defects and pave way for new drugs, offering real hope for devastating condition.
Scientists have identified a protein called Snapin as the molecular switch that controls insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. This discovery provides an explanation for the failure of these cells in type 2 diabetes and may lead to new therapies.
A new ultra-long-acting form of insulin, degludec, has shown improved glucose control when administered just three times a week, compared to daily injections. This reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia and improves patient adherence.
A new home urine test has been developed to measure insulin production in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, replacing multiple blood tests. The test can differentiate between the two types of diabetes and rare genetic forms.
A recent study published in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that individuals with fatty liver were significantly more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without. Fatty liver was shown to be an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, regardless of insulin resistance levels.
Researchers found that brain insulin suppresses lipolysis, a process breaking down triglycerides and releasing fatty acids, which worsens diabetes. Impaired brain insulin signaling can lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation and insulin resistance.
Researchers found that obesity reduces duration and quality of life by 12 percent, while knee osteoarthritis has a similar impact. A new guideline also recommends targeted prevention and treatment strategies for patients with specific characteristics, such as age, race, and functional status.
UT Southwestern researchers found that eliminating glucagon action can restore glucose tolerance to normal in mice with type 1 diabetes. This suggests a potential 'cure' for the disease, as insulin would no longer be necessary.
A La Jolla Institute team has validated a computer model's ability to predict key information on nasal insulin treatment regimens in type 1 diabetes. The platform accurately predicted biomarker onset and therapeutic outcome, confirming its potential as a valuable research tool.
A new study found that combining exenatide with insulin provides better blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes, achieving near-normal levels in 60% of participants. Additionally, Byetta recipients lost an average of four pounds during the study, while placebo recipients gained two pounds.
Joslin researchers found that brain cholesterol synthesis decreases in mouse models of diabetes, affecting nerve function and potentially leading to increased appetite and weight gain. The study suggests a link between diabetes and altered brain function, including changes in Alzheimer's disease risk and diabetic neuropathy.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center discovered that diabetes can reduce brain cholesterol synthesis, which could impact brain function and increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. This finding has broad implications for people with diabetes and may also play a role in diabetic neuropathy.
Scientists have identified a crucial protein complex called TORC 2 that plays a significant role in insulin signaling and is linked to both diabetes and cancer. The study found that activating this complex is essential for cells to take up sugar from the blood, and that it may hold potential as a new target for treating type II diabetes.
Researchers have found that beta cells in humans do not replicate after age 30, which could lead to breakthroughs in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes. The discovery uses radioactive carbon-14 dating to determine the number of beta cells remains static after this age.
Two researchers, Dr. Matthew Poy and Dr. James Poulet, have been awarded $1.5 million starting grants from the European Research Council to improve diabetes treatment and understand brain function.
A peer partnership program improved diabetes patients' conditions by reducing blood sugar levels and increasing insulin therapy rates compared to traditional nurse care management. The study found that peer support activated patients to take a more active role in managing their condition.
Researchers have identified a potential target for diabetes drugs by discovering how certain insulin gene mutations cause proinsulin proteins to misfold in pancreatic beta cells. The study found that misfolding of normal proinsulin proteins occurs when mutant protein is present, leading to insulin deficiency and diabetes.
A study found that insulin lowered inflammation and oxidative stress in participants injected with LPS, a common bacteria. Insulin also reduced pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species generated by the endotoxin.
A new study reveals that chronically high insulin levels trigger hormonal changes in the pituitary gland, disrupting ovarian function and impairing fertility. Researchers suggest decreasing the pituitary's sensitivity to insulin as a potential target for treatment.
Researchers at the Buck Institute discovered that insulin signaling affects cell survival and metabolism through translation. The study found that lower insulin signaling is associated with increased tolerance to stress, suggesting a new avenue for disease intervention.
Researchers at NIH used high-resolution microscopy to understand how fat cells absorb glucose in response to insulin. The findings may aid in identifying the interval when someone becomes at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Novo Nordisk's decision to withdraw Mixtard 30 insulin could add £9 million to the NHS drugs bill in England, affecting 90,000 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Alternative biphasic insulins are more expensive and may cause disruption to patient care.
A bioengineered implantable glucose sensor successfully monitored tissue glucose levels in animals for over a year, demonstrating its potential as an alternative to traditional glucose monitoring methods. The device could help people with diabetes adjust their insulin doses and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
A study by Johns Hopkins University researchers confirms IGF-1's crucial role in coordinating puberty onset in mice. Administration of IGF-1 to normal female mice triggered pubertal development, highlighting its importance in timely triggering of pulsatile GnRH production.
A CWRU study of 60 participants with visual impairment and sighted peers found that visually impaired individuals performed slightly better in dosing accuracy, despite using non-visual tools. The results challenge the common warning against visually impaired people using insulin pens.
Research published in Science reveals that muscle weakness and coordination problems in children with neonatal diabetes are caused by neurological issues rather than muscle problems. The study provides implications for developing improved treatments for the disease, which affects one in 100,000 infants in the UK.
Researchers found that adding a continuous blood sugar sensor to an insulin pump improved blood sugar control, with significant decreases in A1c levels and no increase in severe hypoglycemia. The study's findings suggest that this technology can help patients of all ages manage their diabetes effectively.
A randomized study found that inhaled insulin plus insulin glargine achieved similar blood sugar control as twice-daily premixed biaspart insulin, with less weight gain and hypoglycemia. The treatment also showed a better safety profile, with fewer cough and lung function issues.
A 26-week randomized study found that once-weekly exenatide significantly improved blood sugar control, inducing a mean weight loss of 2.6kg per patient, compared to insulin glargine's lesser effect and mean weight gain of 1.4kg. The treatment also had lower rates of hypoglycemia and a progressive decrease in bodyweight.
A new study presented at The Endocrine Society's annual meeting found that obese insulin-resistant women lost more weight on a lower-carbohydrate diet compared to a traditional low-fat diet. After three months, the lower-carb group lost an average of 19.6 pounds, while the low-fat group lost 16.2 pounds.
A team of researchers has developed a more consistent method for isolating pancreatic islet cells from brain-dead donors using ductal injection, resulting in three type 1-diabetes patients becoming insulin-independent. The study's success rate surpasses the standard 50% with an impressive 80% clinical islet transplantation rate.
Scientists from the Helmholtz Centre in Braunschweig, Germany, have created a new and cheaper way to produce insulin. The new method uses yeast Pichia pastoris to increase the yield of an insulin precursor, reducing costs. This breakthrough could make insulin more affordable for people in developing countries.
A new nanotech breath sensor can detect Type I diabetes by measuring acetone levels in exhaled breath. The device is sensitive enough to detect high concentrations of acetone, even in moist air, allowing for early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Research at the University of Texas Medical Branch found that elderly people's muscles don't respond to insulin by expanding their blood vessels like younger people do. This response is necessary for muscle protein synthesis and growth, with implications for improving strength and health in older adults.
A study using Goto-Kakizaki rats found that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery increases post-surgical expression of PDX-1 and promotes regeneration of β-cells, leading to improved diabetes management. This research provides a new basis for surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A study found that individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes gain significantly more weight after consuming excess calories compared to those without such a history. Insulin resistance, a precursor to the disease, was also observed in the genetically prone group.
Researchers discovered insulin's properties reduce inflammation in fat tissue, a key factor in developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Identifying the inflammatory molecule IL-6 and protein PKCdelta improved understanding of signalling mechanisms that can lead to medicines to reduce inflammation and related disorders.
A Mayo-led research team has developed potent molecules that can inhibit the breakdown of insulin in the body, keeping it working longer and potentially leading to new treatments for diabetes. The discovery may also have implications for other diseases involving insulin, such as Alzheimer's disease.
A new report in Cell Metabolism shows that insulin-resistant blood vessels develop plaques twice as large as normal ones and are more prone to atherosclerosis. Insulin signaling helps prevent fatty plaque buildup, suggesting treatments targeting blood vessels may be beneficial for people with diabetes.
Researchers have identified small molecules that bind to TrkB, a protein involved in nerve cell survival, and demonstrated their potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, a new compound has been found to prevent anaphylactic shock by targeting the SphK1-S1P pathway, which may lead to the development of new thera...
A new artificial pancreas system has been developed to mimic the body's natural glucose control mechanism, using insulin and glucagon hormones. The system was tested in a clinical trial with 11 adults with type 1 diabetes, showing that it can maintain near-normal glucose levels without causing hypoglycemia.
Researchers have invented a 'smart' insulin protein molecule that binds less to cancer receptors and self-assembles under the skin. This new form of insulin reduces the risk of cancer associated with obesity and excess insulin in Type-2 diabetes patients.
Scientists found that alpha cells can spontaneously reprogram into beta cells, restoring insulin production and potentially treating type 1 diabetes. The study demonstrated that removing nearly all beta cells allowed the pancreas to regenerate new ones, offering a new strategy for regenerating insulin-producing cells.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that leptin administration showed better management of blood-sugar variability and lipogenesis, the conversion of simple sugars into fatty acids. Leptin therapy also reduced food intake and increased lean body mass in non-obese type 1 diabetic mice.
Scientists have determined the structure of a previously unseen part of the insulin receptor, which could lead to new treatments for diabetes. Understanding how insulin interacts with the receptor is crucial for developing effective therapies.