Articles tagged with Insulin
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A study published in PNAS reveals that a deficiency of Mitofusin 2 protein causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, highlighting its potential as a target for treating type 2 diabetes. The researchers also note that the protein plays a crucial role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.
A new study finds that brain insulin resistance contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, independent of diabetes status. Insulin-sensitizing medicines may have therapeutic potential to correct insulin resistance and slow down or improve cognitive decline.
Researchers found that insulin and nutritional factors help maintain the 'stemness' of blood stem cells in fruit flies. The study's implications include a potential connection between metabolic disruptions and chronic inflammation in humans.
A study by Columbia researchers suggests that intestinal progenitor cells can be coaxed into producing insulin, offering a potential new treatment for type I diabetes. The technique involves knocking out the Foxo1 gene in these cells, which then produce functional insulin-producing cells.
Researchers at Temple University found that high-fat diets alter metabolic pathways in healthy colon tissue, leading to increased colon cancer risk. Epigenetic marks on genes involved in breaking down carbohydrates and lipids were retrained in normal tissue from patients with colon cancer.
A new study published in The Lancet shows that TAK-875, a novel oral medication, significantly improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. The results suggest that targeting free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) may be a viable therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes.
TAK-875, a novel oral medication, enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, improving blood sugar control and lowering the risk of hypoglycemia. The study showed significant reductions in HbA1c levels across all TAK-875 doses, with higher efficacy rates compared to glimepiride.
Researchers have overturned a 'textbook' view of liver metabolism, revealing a backup pathway that governs glucose production. The discovery suggests new targets for diabetes drugs and may help bypass the block in insulin action that occurs in Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at WashU Medicine discovered a potent regulator of insulin sensitivity, protein TBC1D3, which helps improve blood sugar control. Higher levels of TBC1D3 impede feedback loops that normally deactivates insulin signals, keeping the pathway open longer.
A study found that automatic suspension of insulin delivery via insulin pumps reduces the severity and duration of hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The 'low glucose suspend' feature significantly decreases hypoglycemic episodes, reducing the risk of rebound hyperglycemia.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute discovered that beta cells in the pancreas use taste receptors to sense fructose, a type of sugar. This finding suggests that fructose plays a role in insulin release, amplifying the effect of glucose and potentially impacting metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
Researchers at CRCHUM made a key discovery about insulin secretion regulation in the body, which has important implications for treating Type 2 diabetes. The study mapped the pathway that glucose stimulates to produce insulin and identified genetic processes involved.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a link between killer T-cells and the development of Type 1 diabetes. The study found that killer T-cells can attack and destroy insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin and high blood sugar.
A new method uses stem cells from cord blood to re-educate a diabetic's own T cells, restarting pancreatic function and reducing the need for insulin. After two to three hours, the re-educated lymphocytes are returned to the patient, improving C-peptide levels and allowing for reduced insulin doses.
New research reveals that insulin stimulates the formation of new elastic fibers in human aortic smooth muscle cells, advancing understanding of diabetic vascular disease. Insulin therapy may help prevent arterial occlusions and improve healing processes in diabetic patients.
The Endocrine Society releases a clinical practice guideline recommending that all hospitalized patients, regardless of diabetes status, have their blood glucose levels tested. This can help prevent complications and mortality associated with hyperglycemia in non-critically ill patients.
Researchers have discovered a protein called Islet Homeostasis Protein (IHoP) that regulates blood sugar levels by balancing insulin and glucagon. The protein's presence helps maintain healthy glucose levels, while its absence leads to increased glucagon and insulin resistance.
The REMOVAL study aims to test whether metformin can prevent or reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in people with type 1 diabetes. The five-year trial will follow 500 patients and examine the effects of metformin on blood glucose control, treatment satisfaction, and other complications.
Researchers found that restricting carbs two days a week leads to greater weight loss and improved insulin levels compared to daily calorie restriction. This approach may be a more effective way to prevent breast cancer and other diseases, according to the study.
Researchers have found that examining the chin and upper/lower abdomen is an accurate and minimally invasive way to screen for excessive hair growth in women, which can be up to 80% effective. This method has significant implications for diagnosing PCOS and related health risks such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and heart disease.
Researchers discover a compound that prevents Type 1 diabetes in mice and has similar effects on human cells from diabetic patients. The finding signals a new direction in fighting the disease and other autoimmune disorders.
Researchers discovered that insulin signaling converges with nutrient metabolism pathways to regulate lipid synthesis in the liver. The study suggests that multiple pathways are required for insulin-resistant livers to accumulate lipids.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a key molecular pathway responsible for the decrease in insulin-producing cells with age. Activating this pathway may lead to a new treatment for diabetes, and recent studies have shown promising results in mice.
Scientists at Stanford University have identified a molecular pathway responsible for the decline of beta cell division with age. By manipulating this pathway, they can restore the ability of older beta cells to divide and generate new cells, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treating both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A team of researchers has identified Sirt1 as a crucial protein linking caloric restriction to improved insulin action in skeletal muscle. This finding provides new targets for therapeutics to reduce insulin resistance and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A study published in PLOS Genetics identified a gene and protein involved in regulating insulin secretion in obese mice. The researchers found that a single amino acid difference in the tomosyn-2 protein destabilizes it, leading to an insufficient insulin response and diabetes susceptibility.
A study has identified a gene, Tomosyn-2, that confers diabetes susceptibility in obese mice by regulating insulin secretion. The protein acts as a brake on insulin release from the pancreas, and its destabilization allows for sufficient insulin production to prevent diabetes.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a new approach to treating diabetes and obesity by targeting the PTP1B enzyme, which is crucial in regulating insulin signaling. By oxidizing a specific cysteine residue, the enzyme's activity is temporarily halted, allowing for improved insulin sensitivity.
Researchers at Salk Institute have discovered how a hormone turns on molecular switches inside the pancreas, increasing insulin production. The finding raises the possibility of new designer drugs to help Americans with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetic insulin resistance.
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes saw faster blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol level control with more frequent primary care visits every two weeks. The study found that doubling the time between physician encounters increased median times to reach treatment targets by 35-87%.
The NHS has wasted £625 million on synthetic insulin over the past decade, as recommended human alternatives would have been just as effective, reveals research published in BMJ Open. The study analyzed publicly available data and found that the annual cost of synthetic insulin rose from 12% to 85% of total costs.
A randomized controlled trial found that intranasal insulin therapy improved delayed story recall and preserved general cognition in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. The treatment also stabilized cerebral glucose metabolism and functional abilities in older adults.
A study by Sanford Burnham Prebys reveals that CDP138 is a crucial protein for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells. The researchers found that optimal insulin response requires the correct insertion of GLUT4 into the cellular membrane, with CDP138 playing a key role.
Scientists at UCSF discover that fetal tissue, called mesenchyme, secretes chemicals essential for mature beta cell formation. This breakthrough may lead to new ways of addressing Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, including generating fully functional beta cells from stem cells or increasing beta cell numbers in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Recent concerns about airplane travel and insulin pump delivery may be overstated due to limited data, according to an editorial. The effects of changes in atmospheric pressure on insulin delivery remain unclear, and more research is needed before drawing conclusions.
Scientists identify uroguanylin as a potential target for controlling appetite and obesity. They also found a link between Parkinson disease and fat levels in the blood, with implications for treating this neurodegenerative disorder.
A team of researchers has discovered that a genetic mutation in the CDKAL1 gene can lead to misreading of specific parts of the insulin-producing gene, resulting in decreased insulin production and impaired cell function. This finding sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf develop a system to recreate amyloid formation on artificial surfaces, providing insights into disease mechanisms. The customized mica surface exhibits hydrophobic properties, facilitating the formation of oligomers and fibrils that can destroy cell surfaces.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered that particles in liquids don't always settle at the bottom based on size or speed. Instead, they arrange themselves in a way that achieves the lowest energy state, often resulting in a layered structure with larger particles at the bottom and smaller ones above.
A post-hoc analysis shows that JANUMET (sitagliptin/metformin) achieved better A1C goal attainment compared to metformin alone, particularly in patients with baseline A1C between 7.5 and 9.0 percent. The study found that nearly half of these patients achieved the target A1C level after 18 weeks on JANUMET.
New basal insulin analogs have improved diabetes management by reducing hypoglycemic episodes and improving blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. Modern physiological basal insulin replacement has made optimal blood sugar control a realistic target for diabetes management.
Mayo Clinic researchers are developing an artificial pancreas that will deliver insulin automatically and with individualized precision, reducing the need for daily insulin dosing and finger pricks. The system includes a blood sugar monitor, automatic insulin pump, activity monitors, and a central processing unit.
A Mayo Clinic research team has demonstrated a promising alternative strategy for treating type 2 diabetes by blocking the breakdown of insulin. In mouse studies, these mice showed increased insulin levels, weight loss, and improved blood sugar control.
Researchers have found that insulin directly affects the brain's reward circuitry, leading to increased food intake and obesity in mice. This study suggests that insulin resistance may contribute to the difficulty in managing weight loss. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have created a closed-loop artificial pancreas that can automatically monitor blood sugar levels and administer insulin to individuals with Type 1 diabetes. The device aims to reduce the guesswork involved in daily insulin management, which is crucial for maintaining stable glucose levels.
Researchers have clarified an important step in the complex control circuit of insulin in the brain. Insulin inhibits nerve impulses, suppressing feelings of satiety and increasing energy expenditure, promoting overweight and obesity.
A study of 82 diabetic patients undergoing CABG found aggressive glycemic control did not improve survival rates. Instead, it led to a higher incidence of hypoglycemic events without significant benefits in major adverse effects.
A low-dose insulin treatment has been found to suppress the expression of four precursor proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Insulin also showed anti-inflammatory effects on peripheral mononuclear cells, which may lead to a new therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Research finds micro-RNAs play a role in type 2 diabetes mechanism, blocking insulin's blood-sugar-reducing effect. Obese mice produce excess miRNA-143, which silences genes responsible for insulin activation.
Biologists at UC San Diego identified molecular mechanisms in fruit flies that enhance the nervous system's response to smell, potentially regulating human appetite. The discovery could lead to new ways to decrease overeating among obese individuals and increase appetites among the infirm.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a hormone pathway that could lead to new ways of treating type 1 diabetes independent of insulin. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has insulin-like characteristics and may offer an alternative treatment for diabetes.
A daily pill of pioglitazone prevented type 2 diabetes in more than 70% of participants with obesity and other risk factors. The study also showed a 31% decrease in carotid artery thickening, indicating improved glucose control.
Researchers at University of Manchester discover new treatments for congenital hyperinsulinism by correcting gene defects in insulin-producing cells. The breakthrough has the potential to reverse cellular defects and pave way for new drugs, offering real hope for devastating condition.
Scientists have identified a protein called Snapin as the molecular switch that controls insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. This discovery provides an explanation for the failure of these cells in type 2 diabetes and may lead to new therapies.
A new ultra-long-acting form of insulin, degludec, has shown improved glucose control when administered just three times a week, compared to daily injections. This reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia and improves patient adherence.
A new home urine test has been developed to measure insulin production in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, replacing multiple blood tests. The test can differentiate between the two types of diabetes and rare genetic forms.
A recent study published in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that individuals with fatty liver were significantly more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without. Fatty liver was shown to be an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, regardless of insulin resistance levels.
Researchers found that brain insulin suppresses lipolysis, a process breaking down triglycerides and releasing fatty acids, which worsens diabetes. Impaired brain insulin signaling can lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation and insulin resistance.
Researchers found that obesity reduces duration and quality of life by 12 percent, while knee osteoarthritis has a similar impact. A new guideline also recommends targeted prevention and treatment strategies for patients with specific characteristics, such as age, race, and functional status.
UT Southwestern researchers found that eliminating glucagon action can restore glucose tolerance to normal in mice with type 1 diabetes. This suggests a potential 'cure' for the disease, as insulin would no longer be necessary.