Articles tagged with Insulin
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. Francesca M. Spagnoli is investigating the possibility of repurposing hepatic cells to produce insulin in diabetic patients. Her research aims to identify molecular signals that determine why one progenitor cell develops into a hepatic cell and another into a beta cell.
A new study has found that genes regulating insulin also alter the timing of the circadian clock, suggesting novel therapies for metabolic disease. Hundreds of genes were identified as affecting the clock's timing, with seven genes involved in insulin control also influencing its rhythms.
Treatments like insulin and metformin do not reduce inflammatory biomarkers, such as hsCRP, despite improving glucose control. No consistent association was found between glucose reduction and improvement in inflammatory status.
A breakthrough discovery identifies a new gene called Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1) that affects how the body responds to insulin, leading to insulin resistance. The study found a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the IRS1 gene that reduces its activity by 40%, making it harder for insulin to work effectively.
Scientists have discovered a genetic variation that impairs the body's muscle cells ability to use insulin effectively, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The study highlights a potential new target for scientists developing treatments for this disease.
Scientists at Eastern Virginia Medical School have identified a vital step in the development of Type 1 diabetes and hope to develop a novel therapeutic approach by blocking an enzyme called 12-LO. Preliminary results are promising, and further research is underway.
A 12-week moderate aerobic exercise program improved insulin sensitivity in both lean and obese sedentary adolescents, increasing fitness without the need for weight loss. The study suggests an aerobic program like this could be a useful tool in preventing obesity-related illnesses.
Researchers developed a molecular sensor to measure zinc concentration and location in cells for the first time. The sensor revealed high zinc ions inside pancreatic cells where insulin is packaged, suggesting its involvement in type 2 diabetes.
Pittsburgh researchers have found a molecular link between insulin resistance and inflammation, suggesting a novel target for diabetes treatment. The study reveals that protein Fox01 stimulates inflammatory white blood cells, leading to increased production of cytokine IL-1B, which interferes with insulin signaling.
A new study has found that high serum insulin levels are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, even within the normal range. Insulin-like growth factors may play a role in prostate cancer development.
A recent study at UT Southwestern Medical Center suggests that taking insulin as the initial treatment for type 2 diabetes can be just as effective as other options, reducing low-blood-sugar events and weight gain. Insulin-based therapy has been shown to improve patient satisfaction and overall quality of life.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a tablet-based treatment for Type 1 diabetes, FTS, which restores insulin production and reduces disease progression. The compound has shown positive results in inhibiting diabetes and has the potential to fast-track through FDA regulatory hurdles.
A study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that intensive glucose control halves the rate of eye and kidney damage in people with longstanding type 1 diabetes. The study also showed lower rates of cardiovascular disease events and improved vision loss rates compared to conventional control.
Researchers at Northwestern University use nanodiamonds to deliver insulin for wound healing, demonstrating a method for localized release of therapeutic proteins. The nanodiamond-insulin clusters show promise for wound-healing applications and could be integrated into various treatments.
Men who walk or bike to work are less likely to be overweight or obese and have healthier triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and insulin levels. Active commuting is also associated with improved fitness and reduced environmental impact.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found a strong association between elevated insulin levels and increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Women with higher insulin levels were more than twice as likely to develop breast cancer compared to those with lower insulin levels, especially among lean women.
A Monash University study has discovered a critical link between obesity and Type 2 diabetes, revealing that fat cells release PEDF, which triggers insulin resistance. Blocking PEDF reverses these effects, suggesting a potential breakthrough in treating the disease.
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is investigating possible links between insulin glargine and increased cancer risk based on 2009 Diabetologia study findings. The organization emphasizes that people needing insulin should not stop taking the drug, urging them to consult their doctors for advice.
A study published in Diabetologia suggests that insulin analogue glargine may increase the risk of cancer in diabetes patients. The analysis found a statistically significant association between glargine use and an increased risk of malignancies, with a dose-dependent relationship observed.
A modest reduction in dietary carbohydrates increased feelings of fullness and stabilized blood sugar levels after meals. The study found that even without weight loss, a moderate-carb diet improved ratings of fullness before and after eating.
A new study finds that optimal medical therapy is equally effective as revascularization procedures like bypass surgery or angioplasty in lowering the risk of death and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and stable coronary heart disease. Insulin-providing and insulin-sensitizing drugs are also shown to be equally effective.
A study found that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices enable people with excellent blood sugar control to continue managing their diabetes while reducing the frequency of low blood sugar events. CGM devices helped participants spend more time in the target blood sugar range and reduced biochemical hypoglycemia.
Research reveals metformin, a commonly used diabetes drug, works on a basic level to treat type 2 diabetes by regulating glucose production in the liver. The study found that metformin bypasses the communication block between liver and pancreas, mimicking the action of CBP protein.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered that insulin processing, rather than genetic factors, plays a crucial role in determining how cells store fat. The study used single-cell profiling techniques to examine the relationship between insulin signaling and fat storage in genetically identical cells.
A study found that stem cell transplantation significantly increased C-peptide levels and improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, leading to prolonged insulin independence. The treatment has the potential to reverse type 1 DM in humans, but further studies are needed to confirm its role.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a crucial link between insulin and glucagon levels. The study suggests that targeting insulin receptors or proteins in alpha cells could lead to the development of a new treatment for diabetes, particularly for type 1 patients who are at risk of hypoglycemia.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that intensive insulin therapy significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia in critically ill patients. The study included data from 26 trials and analyzed the effect of intensive insulin therapy on vital status and hypoglycemia in the ICU setting.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered a gene, DNA-PK, that plays a critical regulatory role in converting dietary carbohydrates to fat. The study found that disabling this gene in mice resulted in lower levels of body fat despite a high-carb diet.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have made a significant discovery in the fight against type 1 diabetes, using adult stem cells to induce liver cells to produce insulin. The study found that a specific gene called neurogenin3 is critical for this process.
A major international diabetes study of over 52,000 patients from eight countries found that using biphasic BIAsp 30 insulin resulted in significant clinical improvements and greater patient satisfaction. The study showed a 53% reduction in blood glucose levels below seven percent, with major hypoglycaemia incidents falling by 94%.
JDRF-funded researchers have identified compounds that can stimulate insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, paving the way for potential regenerative medicines for type 1 diabetes. The study found two compounds that promote beta cell replication via different biological pathways.
A systematic review of insulin analogues found that they have minimal impact on managing type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. However, rapid-acting insulin analogues may be cost-effective for adults with type 1 diabetes. Experts recommend educational programs to manage sugar levels over insulin analogues.
A new study found that sulfonylurea drugs can restore function and reverse symptoms in infants with neonatal diabetes by blocking potassium channels, potentially avoiding secondary damage to insulin-producing cells. Early treatment with these drugs may circumvent irreversible damage if caught early enough.
A recent study found that CXCL10 is a key factor behind the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in diabetes. The inflammatory marker was found to decrease β cell viability and impair insulin production in isolated human pancreatic cells. This discovery may lead to new treatments for preventing β cell death or restoring lost function.
Researchers found that insulin shields neurons from toxic proteins in Alzheimer's disease, preserving memory-forming synapses. This discovery suggests a novel approach to treating the devastating disease by increasing insulin sensitivity in the brain.
Researchers found that fat molecules clog up muscle cells' cytosol but not mitochondrion. By increasing mitochondrial ability to burn fat, muscles become more responsive to insulin. The discovery opens doors to developing new therapies for Type 2 diabetes.
A randomized controlled trial studied 700 critically ill patients aged under one year and 1-16 years, finding that intensive insulin treatment reduced mortality by 3% and intensive care stay by 5.5 days compared to conventional insulin treatment.
A study published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine found that US academic medical centers do not meet current American Diabetes Association hospital diabetes care standards. The research highlights the need for improved insulin therapy and standardized protocols to enhance patient outcomes.
Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that high insulin levels in postmenopausal women are associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Women with the highest insulin levels were nearly 50% more likely to develop breast cancer compared to those with lower insulin levels.
Research suggests cisplatin ototoxicity is due to higher platinum concentration in inner ear, while high insulin levels are an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Studies found significant correlations between fasting insulin and increased breast cancer risk.
Researchers found that leptin enlists the sympathetic nervous system to prevent bone-making cells from releasing osteocalcin, which stimulates insulin release. This back-door route could lead to a new treatment for diabetes using osteocalcin.
Researchers investigate relationship between diabetes treatment and disordered eating behaviors in children with diabetes. They hope to find a different treatment approach that helps patients gain control over their eating behaviors and treatment without adopting maladaptive weight management strategies.
A long-term study found that high insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels reduced overall death risk by over 50%, while high C-peptide levels doubled the risk of death. Lifestyle factors like obesity and physical inactivity are associated with high insulin levels, which can fuel colon cancer growth.
A recent study published in Diabetes Care highlights the significant barriers faced by type 1 diabetics when it comes to engaging in physical activity. The researchers found that those with a greater fear of hypoglycemia were also more likely to have poorer diabetes control, emphasizing the need for targeted education and support.
Researchers have discovered that the apelin protein can help regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with type II diabetes. Activation of this second pathway improves glucose regulation and offers a potential new treatment option.
A study of over 300 diabetics and their caregivers will measure the impact of insulin pump technology on quality of life, attitudes towards treatment, and lifestyle changes. The research aims to provide insights into the clinical implications and potential coverage by Medicare and health insurance providers.
A DNA vaccine, BHT-3021, is being developed to reverse the immune response causing type 1 diabetes. The vaccine has shown safety and preliminary data indicate it may preserve beta cells and induce immune tolerance.
Researchers have discovered that alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) can eliminate inflammation in diabetic animals after islet transplantation, allowing the transplanted cells to survive and function for over 120 days. This breakthrough could lead to a safer and more effective treatment for type-1 diabetes patients.
A large population-based case-control study found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), independent of cofactors. The study suggests that DM2 may be a concourse rather than merely a consequence of the liver tumor.
In an animal model, sulfonylureas' effects were found to be reversible after cessation, suggesting beta cells can recover and produce insulin again. This finding may lead to rethink treatment strategies, such as using older drugs or alternating periods of drug treatment with insulin injections.
Researchers found that sulfonylurea treatment failure is not due to cell death, but rather permanent depolarization of potassium channels. Reversible effects on insulin release were observed in mice treated with slow-release sulfonylureas.
SmartCells' SmartInsulin is a once-a-day, glucose-regulated insulin that maintains continuous blood glucose control while reducing hypoglycemia risk. JDRF's $1M funding supports preclinical safety and efficacy testing for this treatment, aiming to improve patient safety and quality of life.
A JDRF-funded study suggests that exposure to certain bacteria may provide protection against developing type 1 diabetes. Researchers found that mice exposed to these harmless microbes had a lower risk of autoimmune disorders. The findings lend support to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for prevention.
A new study demonstrates that transferring human insulin genes to the gastrointestinal tract using a non-viral vector called chitosan nanoparticles can successfully treat type 1 diabetes in rats. The study found that this method is safe and efficient, without any wound or infection.
Researchers analyzed cord blood samples of infants and siblings to identify those at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial found that nasal insulin therapy did not delay or prevent the condition's development, contradicting previous mouse model results.
A multicenter clinical trial funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation found that continuous glucose monitoring significantly improved blood sugar control in patients with type 1 diabetes. HbA1c levels decreased by an average of 0.53% in patients aged 25 and older, while improvements were not observed in younger age groups.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University develop a way to cultivate cells derived from insulin-producing beta cells, potentially implanting them into patients with type 1 diabetes. This innovative method could reduce the need for life-saving organ transplants and one day be as simple as a blood transfusion.
Studies show mixed results on blood glucose control and micro-vascular disease prevention, while oral drugs like metformin offer some benefits. Tight insulin control has limited proven success in reducing complications, emphasizing the need for longer-term studies.
Researchers found that interferon-alpha plays a key role in the onset of type 1 diabetes by triggering an immune response that destroys pancreatic beta cells. This discovery could provide new insights into the disease and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that leptin can lower blood glucose levels and maintain them in a normal range for extended periods. The study shows promise for treating type 1 diabetes without insulin injections.