Articles tagged with Insulin
JDRF-funded researchers have identified compounds that can stimulate insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, paving the way for potential regenerative medicines for type 1 diabetes. The study found two compounds that promote beta cell replication via different biological pathways.
A systematic review of insulin analogues found that they have minimal impact on managing type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. However, rapid-acting insulin analogues may be cost-effective for adults with type 1 diabetes. Experts recommend educational programs to manage sugar levels over insulin analogues.
A recent study found that CXCL10 is a key factor behind the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in diabetes. The inflammatory marker was found to decrease β cell viability and impair insulin production in isolated human pancreatic cells. This discovery may lead to new treatments for preventing β cell death or restoring lost function.
A new study found that sulfonylurea drugs can restore function and reverse symptoms in infants with neonatal diabetes by blocking potassium channels, potentially avoiding secondary damage to insulin-producing cells. Early treatment with these drugs may circumvent irreversible damage if caught early enough.
Researchers found that insulin shields neurons from toxic proteins in Alzheimer's disease, preserving memory-forming synapses. This discovery suggests a novel approach to treating the devastating disease by increasing insulin sensitivity in the brain.
Researchers found that fat molecules clog up muscle cells' cytosol but not mitochondrion. By increasing mitochondrial ability to burn fat, muscles become more responsive to insulin. The discovery opens doors to developing new therapies for Type 2 diabetes.
A randomized controlled trial studied 700 critically ill patients aged under one year and 1-16 years, finding that intensive insulin treatment reduced mortality by 3% and intensive care stay by 5.5 days compared to conventional insulin treatment.
A study published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine found that US academic medical centers do not meet current American Diabetes Association hospital diabetes care standards. The research highlights the need for improved insulin therapy and standardized protocols to enhance patient outcomes.
Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that high insulin levels in postmenopausal women are associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Women with the highest insulin levels were nearly 50% more likely to develop breast cancer compared to those with lower insulin levels.
Research suggests cisplatin ototoxicity is due to higher platinum concentration in inner ear, while high insulin levels are an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Studies found significant correlations between fasting insulin and increased breast cancer risk.
Researchers found that leptin enlists the sympathetic nervous system to prevent bone-making cells from releasing osteocalcin, which stimulates insulin release. This back-door route could lead to a new treatment for diabetes using osteocalcin.
Researchers investigate relationship between diabetes treatment and disordered eating behaviors in children with diabetes. They hope to find a different treatment approach that helps patients gain control over their eating behaviors and treatment without adopting maladaptive weight management strategies.
A long-term study found that high insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels reduced overall death risk by over 50%, while high C-peptide levels doubled the risk of death. Lifestyle factors like obesity and physical inactivity are associated with high insulin levels, which can fuel colon cancer growth.
A recent study published in Diabetes Care highlights the significant barriers faced by type 1 diabetics when it comes to engaging in physical activity. The researchers found that those with a greater fear of hypoglycemia were also more likely to have poorer diabetes control, emphasizing the need for targeted education and support.
A study of over 300 diabetics and their caregivers will measure the impact of insulin pump technology on quality of life, attitudes towards treatment, and lifestyle changes. The research aims to provide insights into the clinical implications and potential coverage by Medicare and health insurance providers.
Researchers have discovered that the apelin protein can help regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with type II diabetes. Activation of this second pathway improves glucose regulation and offers a potential new treatment option.
A DNA vaccine, BHT-3021, is being developed to reverse the immune response causing type 1 diabetes. The vaccine has shown safety and preliminary data indicate it may preserve beta cells and induce immune tolerance.
A large population-based case-control study found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), independent of cofactors. The study suggests that DM2 may be a concourse rather than merely a consequence of the liver tumor.
Researchers have discovered that alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) can eliminate inflammation in diabetic animals after islet transplantation, allowing the transplanted cells to survive and function for over 120 days. This breakthrough could lead to a safer and more effective treatment for type-1 diabetes patients.
In an animal model, sulfonylureas' effects were found to be reversible after cessation, suggesting beta cells can recover and produce insulin again. This finding may lead to rethink treatment strategies, such as using older drugs or alternating periods of drug treatment with insulin injections.
Researchers found that sulfonylurea treatment failure is not due to cell death, but rather permanent depolarization of potassium channels. Reversible effects on insulin release were observed in mice treated with slow-release sulfonylureas.
SmartCells' SmartInsulin is a once-a-day, glucose-regulated insulin that maintains continuous blood glucose control while reducing hypoglycemia risk. JDRF's $1M funding supports preclinical safety and efficacy testing for this treatment, aiming to improve patient safety and quality of life.
A JDRF-funded study suggests that exposure to certain bacteria may provide protection against developing type 1 diabetes. Researchers found that mice exposed to these harmless microbes had a lower risk of autoimmune disorders. The findings lend support to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for prevention.
A new study demonstrates that transferring human insulin genes to the gastrointestinal tract using a non-viral vector called chitosan nanoparticles can successfully treat type 1 diabetes in rats. The study found that this method is safe and efficient, without any wound or infection.
Researchers analyzed cord blood samples of infants and siblings to identify those at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial found that nasal insulin therapy did not delay or prevent the condition's development, contradicting previous mouse model results.
A multicenter clinical trial funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation found that continuous glucose monitoring significantly improved blood sugar control in patients with type 1 diabetes. HbA1c levels decreased by an average of 0.53% in patients aged 25 and older, while improvements were not observed in younger age groups.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University develop a way to cultivate cells derived from insulin-producing beta cells, potentially implanting them into patients with type 1 diabetes. This innovative method could reduce the need for life-saving organ transplants and one day be as simple as a blood transfusion.
Studies show mixed results on blood glucose control and micro-vascular disease prevention, while oral drugs like metformin offer some benefits. Tight insulin control has limited proven success in reducing complications, emphasizing the need for longer-term studies.
Researchers found that interferon-alpha plays a key role in the onset of type 1 diabetes by triggering an immune response that destroys pancreatic beta cells. This discovery could provide new insights into the disease and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that leptin can lower blood glucose levels and maintain them in a normal range for extended periods. The study shows promise for treating type 1 diabetes without insulin injections.
A new survey reveals that 33% of individuals with diabetes who take insulin injections experience dread related to them, while 52% do not proactively discuss their concerns with healthcare providers. However, many healthcare professionals are aware of the impact of insulin injections on patients' quality of life and have initiated dial...
Researchers have successfully treated congenital hyperinsulinism, a rare genetic disease causing insulin imbalance, using a peptide called exendin-(9-39) that blocks hormone receptor action. This could lead to an innovative medicine for children with this condition.
The University of South Florida has been awarded a seven-year, $128 million NIH grant to coordinate worldwide studies on the prevention and treatment of juvenile diabetes. The TrialNet project will screen over 150,000 children and adults to investigate new therapies for early signs of diabetes.
Researchers found insulin resistance in young girls with PCOS mother, suggesting high risk of disease; future studies aim to identify earliest sign of susceptibility. Excessive insulin may be primary culprit behind reproductive abnormalities.
Researchers at UIC are testing new approaches to islet transplantation to improve insulin independence and glucose control for adults with difficult-to-control type 1 diabetes. The study aims to find the most effective combination of anti-rejection drugs to maximize islet engraftment and reduce toxic side effects.
Researchers at Uppsala University develop new image analysis methods to study the release of insulin and cAMP in beta cells. The findings show that ATP causes an increase in cAMP concentration, which varies rhythmically and coincides with variations in calcium signals, resulting in pulsatile insulin secretion.
A team of Swedish researchers characterized novel systems properties of insulin signaling in human fat cells through mathematical modeling. The study provided further insight into energy level maintenance via the hormone insulin, which is critical for preventing Type 2 diabetes. Insulin function impairment is a cardinal cause of the di...
Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory demonstrated that insulin receptors in the brain regulate neural circuits, synapses, and dendritic growth. Insulin receptor signaling is critical for proper brain operation and may contribute to cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found that chronic alcohol abuse can decrease levels of genes needed for brain cells to respond to insulin/IGF, leading to neurodegeneration. Insulin resistance in the cerebellum and frontal lobe was associated with loss of neurons and decreased levels of neurotransmitters.
A new study found that some patients with type 2 diabetes can maintain good blood sugar control for years using non-insulin oral diabetic medications. The study of 191 veterans showed that 55% of patients remained on oral drugs and achieved improved hemoglobin A1c levels.
University of Illinois Chicago researchers modified the procedure for islet cell transplantation and achieved insulin independence in diabetes patients using fewer but better-functioning pancreatic islet cells. The study results are published in the American Journal of Transplantation.
A randomized controlled trial found that early intensive insulin therapy improved blood glucose control and β-cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The treatment, which included continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections, resulted in higher remission rates and prolonged glyc...
Critically ill patients with wide glycemic variability were more likely to die and develop nosocomial infections compared to those with low variability. The study identified age, previous diabetes history, and insulin control as predictors of high variability.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified a receptor called ALK7 as crucial in regulating body fat deposition and insulin release from beta-cells. Removing the ALK7 receptor improves insulin release and decreases fat accumulation, suggesting potential new therapies for diabetes and obesity.
A team of researchers found that the protein TORC2 is crucial for glucose production and fat storage in Drosophila, a genetic switch that regulates metabolism in both flies and human livers. Without functional TORC, fly lifespan was cut in half and their ability to store energy was impaired.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have discovered that subcutaneous fat, typically found in the hips and thighs, can lower insulin levels and enhance insulin sensitivity. This discovery offers a new avenue for finding substances produced by subcutaneous fat that may improve glucose metabolism.
Researchers have found that tricyclic antidepressants can restore vagal function and reduce intestinal inflammation in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly those who are also depressed. Genetic mutations linked to permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus have been identified, and bacteria can blunt the responses of inv...
Researchers found that administration of triflusal increased insulin secretion significantly in relation to dose size, but did not improve insulin sensitivity. The study's findings suggest salicylates may have a therapeutic benefit in the fight against type 2 diabetes in obese individuals.
Researchers found a connection between an immune protein and glucose levels, offering a new avenue for treating diabetics who don't respond to traditional insulin-based treatments. The protein, defensin HNP-1, inhibits glucose-producing genes and reduces blood sugar levels in both normal mice and diabetic rats.
Researchers at Brown University found that flies live longer when they don't produce germline stem cells, which create eggs and sperm. This suggests a general principle in biology where reproductive signals directly control lifespan and metabolism in the whole organism.
A new method using nanotechnology rapidly measures minute amounts of insulin, enabling real-time assessment of the body's insulin-producing cells. This breakthrough could improve the efficacy of a procedure for treating Type 1 diabetes, allowing diabetics to free themselves from insulin injections.
A long-term study published in Neurology found that men who develop diabetes in mid-life are nearly one-and-a-half times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than those without insulin problems. The association was strongest in people without the APOE4 gene, which is known to increase Alzheimer's risk.
New guidance suggests glitazones have a place in combined treatments but lack evidence for solo use; side effects include heart failure and increased risk of heart attack.
The APOLLO study found that once-daily basal insulin glargine achieved similar reductions in haemoglobin A1c to thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro, with improved patient satisfaction. Insulin glargine was associated with fewer injections, lower risk of hypoglycaemia, and greater patient satisfaction compared to insulin lispro.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have found that insulin inhibits a master gene regulator protein, SKN-1, which controls the Phase 2 detoxification pathway. Increased SKN-1 activity increases lifespan, providing potential insights into increasing resistance to chronic diseases and influencing longevity.
A recent study found that weight loss and major lifestyle changes are more effective in treating type 2 diabetes than intensive insulin therapy. Insulin resistance, caused by high-calorie diets, can lead to organ damage and increase the risk of complications such as heart disease and blindness.
Chronic hyperglycemia disables the molecular switch that normally shuts off glucose production in the liver, leading to insulin resistance and complications. Inhibiting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway may provide a new therapeutic target for lowering glucose levels and reducing long-term diabetes complications.
A new study proposes that intestinal dysfunction, specifically in the upper small intestine, may be the source of Type 2 diabetes. Surgical bypass operations can reverse this abnormality, leading to diabetes remission.
A study of over 10,400 patients found no significant decrease in hospital mortality with intensive insulin therapy. In fact, mortality rates were higher in ICU patients with short stays.
A new study by Joslin Diabetes Center found that restricting insulin doses in women with type 1 diabetes is associated with a three-fold increased risk of death and higher rates of disease complications. The study also highlighted the connection between insulin restriction and eating disorder symptoms, often referred to as diabulimia.