Articles tagged with Insulin
A new study demonstrates that transferring human insulin genes to the gastrointestinal tract using a non-viral vector called chitosan nanoparticles can successfully treat type 1 diabetes in rats. The study found that this method is safe and efficient, without any wound or infection.
Researchers analyzed cord blood samples of infants and siblings to identify those at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial found that nasal insulin therapy did not delay or prevent the condition's development, contradicting previous mouse model results.
A multicenter clinical trial funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation found that continuous glucose monitoring significantly improved blood sugar control in patients with type 1 diabetes. HbA1c levels decreased by an average of 0.53% in patients aged 25 and older, while improvements were not observed in younger age groups.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University develop a way to cultivate cells derived from insulin-producing beta cells, potentially implanting them into patients with type 1 diabetes. This innovative method could reduce the need for life-saving organ transplants and one day be as simple as a blood transfusion.
Studies show mixed results on blood glucose control and micro-vascular disease prevention, while oral drugs like metformin offer some benefits. Tight insulin control has limited proven success in reducing complications, emphasizing the need for longer-term studies.
Researchers found that interferon-alpha plays a key role in the onset of type 1 diabetes by triggering an immune response that destroys pancreatic beta cells. This discovery could provide new insights into the disease and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that leptin can lower blood glucose levels and maintain them in a normal range for extended periods. The study shows promise for treating type 1 diabetes without insulin injections.
A new survey reveals that 33% of individuals with diabetes who take insulin injections experience dread related to them, while 52% do not proactively discuss their concerns with healthcare providers. However, many healthcare professionals are aware of the impact of insulin injections on patients' quality of life and have initiated dial...
The University of South Florida has been awarded a seven-year, $128 million NIH grant to coordinate worldwide studies on the prevention and treatment of juvenile diabetes. The TrialNet project will screen over 150,000 children and adults to investigate new therapies for early signs of diabetes.
Researchers have successfully treated congenital hyperinsulinism, a rare genetic disease causing insulin imbalance, using a peptide called exendin-(9-39) that blocks hormone receptor action. This could lead to an innovative medicine for children with this condition.
Researchers found insulin resistance in young girls with PCOS mother, suggesting high risk of disease; future studies aim to identify earliest sign of susceptibility. Excessive insulin may be primary culprit behind reproductive abnormalities.
Researchers at UIC are testing new approaches to islet transplantation to improve insulin independence and glucose control for adults with difficult-to-control type 1 diabetes. The study aims to find the most effective combination of anti-rejection drugs to maximize islet engraftment and reduce toxic side effects.
Researchers at Uppsala University develop new image analysis methods to study the release of insulin and cAMP in beta cells. The findings show that ATP causes an increase in cAMP concentration, which varies rhythmically and coincides with variations in calcium signals, resulting in pulsatile insulin secretion.
A team of Swedish researchers characterized novel systems properties of insulin signaling in human fat cells through mathematical modeling. The study provided further insight into energy level maintenance via the hormone insulin, which is critical for preventing Type 2 diabetes. Insulin function impairment is a cardinal cause of the di...
Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory demonstrated that insulin receptors in the brain regulate neural circuits, synapses, and dendritic growth. Insulin receptor signaling is critical for proper brain operation and may contribute to cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found that chronic alcohol abuse can decrease levels of genes needed for brain cells to respond to insulin/IGF, leading to neurodegeneration. Insulin resistance in the cerebellum and frontal lobe was associated with loss of neurons and decreased levels of neurotransmitters.
A new study found that some patients with type 2 diabetes can maintain good blood sugar control for years using non-insulin oral diabetic medications. The study of 191 veterans showed that 55% of patients remained on oral drugs and achieved improved hemoglobin A1c levels.
University of Illinois Chicago researchers modified the procedure for islet cell transplantation and achieved insulin independence in diabetes patients using fewer but better-functioning pancreatic islet cells. The study results are published in the American Journal of Transplantation.
A randomized controlled trial found that early intensive insulin therapy improved blood glucose control and β-cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The treatment, which included continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections, resulted in higher remission rates and prolonged glyc...
Critically ill patients with wide glycemic variability were more likely to die and develop nosocomial infections compared to those with low variability. The study identified age, previous diabetes history, and insulin control as predictors of high variability.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified a receptor called ALK7 as crucial in regulating body fat deposition and insulin release from beta-cells. Removing the ALK7 receptor improves insulin release and decreases fat accumulation, suggesting potential new therapies for diabetes and obesity.
A team of researchers found that the protein TORC2 is crucial for glucose production and fat storage in Drosophila, a genetic switch that regulates metabolism in both flies and human livers. Without functional TORC, fly lifespan was cut in half and their ability to store energy was impaired.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have discovered that subcutaneous fat, typically found in the hips and thighs, can lower insulin levels and enhance insulin sensitivity. This discovery offers a new avenue for finding substances produced by subcutaneous fat that may improve glucose metabolism.
Researchers have found that tricyclic antidepressants can restore vagal function and reduce intestinal inflammation in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly those who are also depressed. Genetic mutations linked to permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus have been identified, and bacteria can blunt the responses of inv...
Researchers found that administration of triflusal increased insulin secretion significantly in relation to dose size, but did not improve insulin sensitivity. The study's findings suggest salicylates may have a therapeutic benefit in the fight against type 2 diabetes in obese individuals.
Researchers found a connection between an immune protein and glucose levels, offering a new avenue for treating diabetics who don't respond to traditional insulin-based treatments. The protein, defensin HNP-1, inhibits glucose-producing genes and reduces blood sugar levels in both normal mice and diabetic rats.
Researchers at Brown University found that flies live longer when they don't produce germline stem cells, which create eggs and sperm. This suggests a general principle in biology where reproductive signals directly control lifespan and metabolism in the whole organism.
A new method using nanotechnology rapidly measures minute amounts of insulin, enabling real-time assessment of the body's insulin-producing cells. This breakthrough could improve the efficacy of a procedure for treating Type 1 diabetes, allowing diabetics to free themselves from insulin injections.
New guidance suggests glitazones have a place in combined treatments but lack evidence for solo use; side effects include heart failure and increased risk of heart attack.
A long-term study published in Neurology found that men who develop diabetes in mid-life are nearly one-and-a-half times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than those without insulin problems. The association was strongest in people without the APOE4 gene, which is known to increase Alzheimer's risk.
The APOLLO study found that once-daily basal insulin glargine achieved similar reductions in haemoglobin A1c to thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro, with improved patient satisfaction. Insulin glargine was associated with fewer injections, lower risk of hypoglycaemia, and greater patient satisfaction compared to insulin lispro.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have found that insulin inhibits a master gene regulator protein, SKN-1, which controls the Phase 2 detoxification pathway. Increased SKN-1 activity increases lifespan, providing potential insights into increasing resistance to chronic diseases and influencing longevity.
A recent study found that weight loss and major lifestyle changes are more effective in treating type 2 diabetes than intensive insulin therapy. Insulin resistance, caused by high-calorie diets, can lead to organ damage and increase the risk of complications such as heart disease and blindness.
Chronic hyperglycemia disables the molecular switch that normally shuts off glucose production in the liver, leading to insulin resistance and complications. Inhibiting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway may provide a new therapeutic target for lowering glucose levels and reducing long-term diabetes complications.
A new study proposes that intestinal dysfunction, specifically in the upper small intestine, may be the source of Type 2 diabetes. Surgical bypass operations can reverse this abnormality, leading to diabetes remission.
A study of over 10,400 patients found no significant decrease in hospital mortality with intensive insulin therapy. In fact, mortality rates were higher in ICU patients with short stays.
A new study by Joslin Diabetes Center found that restricting insulin doses in women with type 1 diabetes is associated with a three-fold increased risk of death and higher rates of disease complications. The study also highlighted the connection between insulin restriction and eating disorder symptoms, often referred to as diabulimia.
A new study by American Society of Nephrology confirms that intensive insulin therapy (IIT) protects kidneys in critically ill patients, reducing the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death. IIT was found to be more effective in preventing AKI after surgery compared to medical ICU patients.
Research suggests that insulin inhibits resistin expression and secretion in adipocytes, but resistin induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes and myoblasts. Serum resistin levels correlate negatively with insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity rats.
University of Florida researchers have successfully triggered insulin production in diabetic mice by injecting them with the naturally occurring protein Pdx1. The study found that daily injections of Pdx1 normalized blood glucose levels within two weeks, promoting regeneration of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Research from the American Association for Cancer Research links weight gain and diabetes to increased risks of various cancers. Women with diabetes are 1.5 times more likely to develop colorectal cancer, while those with high C-peptide levels face a risk of death nearly three times higher than women with lower levels.
JDRF is partnering with Osiris Therapeutics to support a Phase II clinical trial using Prochymal, an immunomodulatory cell therapy product, to preserve and regenerate insulin-producing cells in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The proposed research presents a novel approach for developing a immunomodulatory cellular therapy.
EpiVax receives $351,000 from JDRF to develop Epi-13, a novel therapeutic that reduces harmful immune responses and preserves insulin production. The approach uses natural regulatory T cells to induce antigen-specific adaptive tolerance induction.
Scientists have successfully transplanted embryonic pig pancreatic cells into diabetic macaque monkeys, reducing the need for insulin injections without immune suppression. The transplants showed promise for curing type 1 and type 2 diabetes in humans with additional research.
Researchers found that insulin levels affect dopamine systems in the brain, which are involved in drug addiction and neuropsychiatric conditions. In diabetic animals, amphetamine-induced dopamine signaling was disrupted, suggesting a link between insulin status and brain function.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute have discovered a genetic 'roadblock' that sensitizes mice to insulin, paving the way for new treatments. The study found that eliminating the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) gene made insulin more effective in regulating blood sugar levels.
New findings suggest that misfolded proinsulin can cause beta cell dysfunction and death, leading to an insulin shortage. This can result in the hallmark symptoms of diabetes, including high blood glucose levels.
Researchers at UT Health Science Center have developed a smart particle insulin release system that detects blood sugar spikes and releases insulin to counteract them. The system, which consists of a blood sugar sensing protein and liposomes loaded with insulin, stabilized blood sugar levels in animal models for up to six hours.
Researchers discovered 10 mutations in the insulin gene causing permanent neonatal diabetes, a rare form of diabetes affecting young children. Early detection and treatment targeting ER stress might preserve or restore insulin production.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified TORC2 as a crucial biochemical control point linking feeding, insulin, and elevated blood sugar production in the liver. The study found that insulin turns off the CREB/TORC2 switch during feeding, highlighting potential drug targets for type II diabetes treatment.
Researchers found that immunosuppressive drugs suppress beta-cell regeneration in diabetic mice, casting doubt on long-term islet transplantation success. This could lead to breakthroughs in regenerative islet transplantation and improved treatment for type 1 diabetics.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that dietary fats can kill transplanted pancreas cells, leading to a decline in insulin production. Limiting fat formation might make pancreatic cell transplants more effective.
A recent study found that diabetics who use insulin pens have significantly lower healthcare costs compared to those who use syringes. The annual average healthcare costs were nearly $17,000 lower for pen users than for syringe users, resulting in substantial savings to diabetics and their insurers.
A new triple combination therapy has been successful in abolishing adverse autoimmunity against insulin-producing cells in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. The treatment eliminated inflammation and restored normal blood glucose levels by blocking its effects on fat and muscle tissues.
A study by UCF researchers found that insulin produced in genetically modified lettuce can restore normal blood sugar levels in diabetic mice. If successful in human trials, the method could affect millions of diabetics worldwide and reduce healthcare costs.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have developed a new technique to track and protect transplanted insulin-producing cells in a diabetic animal model. The method uses magnetic capsules to encapsulate the cells, avoiding immune rejection and allowing for successful long-term function.
A new study finds that reducing insulin signaling in the brain can lead to a longer lifespan, with genetically engineered mice living up to 18% longer. This breakthrough suggests that diet and exercise may be key to preventing age-related diseases.
A study published in Science found that maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet and exercise can extend lifespan by reducing insulin-like signaling in the brain. The researchers discovered that mice with reduced insulin receptor substrates lived 18% longer, while also showing improved metabolic health.
Researchers found that pumpkin extract promotes regeneration of damaged pancreatic cells in diabetic rats, boosting insulin levels and reducing the need for daily insulin injections. The extract's protective effect is attributed to antioxidants and D-chiro-inositol, which may provide a new source of medication for diabetics.
Two studies published in JCI uncover regulators of squamous cell carcinoma development, highlighting the critical role of p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations and chemokine receptor D6. The findings suggest that certain p53 mutations accelerate SCC progression and that inflammation sensitizes skin cells to tumor formation.