Articles tagged with Insulin
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A single gene encoding the enzyme GnT-4a is key to enabling pancreatic beta cells to sense blood glucose levels and produce insulin. In mice fed a high-fat diet, this enzyme's suppression led to type 2 diabetes.
A long-term study of patients with type 1 diabetes found that early and aggressive treatment, including insulin pumps and lifestyle interventions, significantly lowered the risk of serious cardiovascular events. This approach was associated with a 58% reduction in cardiovascular risks compared to conventional blood glucose control.
Research by Corbett et al. reveals that islet cells are susceptible to necrosis when exposed to interleukin-1, a cytokine that triggers b-cell release of HMGB1. This process contributes to the development of diabetes.
A cohort study found that higher insulin concentrations and insulin resistance were associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in male smokers. The study suggests that lifestyle changes to decrease glucose and insulin levels may help prevent pancreatic cancer development.
Researchers at Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine developed an accurate and cost-effective alternative to animal-derived insulin test kits. The new kit uses a synthetic medium, eliminating the need for animal serum and cells, and is expected to sell particularly well in Europe due to concerns about mad cow disease.
Researchers found that as Alzheimer's disease progresses, insulin receptors and the brain's ability to respond to insulin decrease. Insulin levels decline early on, leading to cell death and tangles in the brain.
A new cell transplantation technique has successfully restored insulin production in diabetic patients by injecting donor islet cells into the portal vein. The procedure, which uses a steroid-free protocol and sandwich closure method, showed promising results with all 13 patients producing insulin without major complications.
Researchers have identified potential natural compounds in foods like tea, cinnamon, and buckwheat that could help lower blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with diabetes. Cherries contain anthocyanins, which increase insulin production when tested in laboratory studies.
Researchers argue that reducing carbohydrate intake is key to treating metabolic syndrome, as it can restore insulin responses and improve overall health. Studies have shown that carbohydrate reduction is more effective than fat reduction in addressing the various components of metabolic syndrome.
Scientists at the Salk Institute discovered a key cellular switch that instructs the liver to produce more glucose when blood sugar levels run low. The switch, called TORC2, limits its own activity to prevent excessive glucose production, which is missing in diabetic individuals.
Researchers at UVa have isolated a natural compound, INS2, that works by sending a message inside cells to respond to insulin, helping cells dispose of excess glucose. The study found that the more compound injected, the more blood sugar decreased in diabetic rats.
The Oct. 18 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine describes two new diabetes treatments: exenatide, an injected drug; and inhaled insulin. Exenatide improved overall sugar control, but patients experienced weight loss and more side effects compared to insulin glargine.
Researchers found that a high fat, low carbohydrate diet can improve Alzheimer's disease in mice by regulating insulin and promoting ketone body production. This study suggests that dietary components may influence the metabolic state of key aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
Three patients underwent gastric bypass surgery and developed severe hypoglycemia, requiring partial or complete pancreas removal. Abnormal insulin-producing islet cell proliferation was found in all cases.
A school-based fitness program demonstrates improved body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and insulin sensitivity in overweight children. The study suggests that incorporating physical activity into childhood education can have long-term health benefits.
High insulin levels block stress hormones, leading to excessive fat storage and energy imbalance. The study provides new understanding of insulin resistance in Type II diabetes and its potential link to obesity.
Scientists discover that amino acids enter the cell through a separate pathway than insulin, triggering the activation of S6K1 enzyme. This finding provides a potential new target for regulating obesity and insulin resistance.
The study found that SOCS-7-deficient mice have increased IRS protein levels and prolonged IRS activation, leading to enhanced insulin action and glucose homeostasis. The researchers also observed increased growth of pancreatic islets with elevated fasting insulin levels and hypoglycemia.
Researchers found that the protein Klotho extends lifespan in mice by making them resistant to insulin, but also increases risk of diabetes. The study offers promising hope for developing anti-aging therapies.
Researchers found that Sirt1 protein enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, improving glucose tolerance. The study suggests therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that insulin resistance, a key factor in type 2 diabetes, develops early in life and is linked to weight gain. The researchers studied children of diabetic parents and found that insulin-resistant individuals have impaired energy production in muscle cells, leading to weight maintenance problems.
Researchers found insulin resistance can be detected 20 years before diabetes symptoms appear in lean, healthy young adults. Mitochondria's energy-producing function is significantly impaired, leading to a decreased ability to burn sugars and fats efficiently.
Research found moderate hyperinsulinemia increases CNS inflammatory markers, linking insulin resistance to AD risk. Insulin-induced inflammation may contribute to AD pathology in nondiabetic adults with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension.
A new study reveals that insulin therapy preserves endothelial function in critically ill patients, improving oxygen supply to cells. This finding opens doors for novel treatments and progress in intensive care medicine.
New study reveals that acute insulin pulses limit fat synthesis in the liver by activating a key molecule called CEACAM1. Regular periods of fasting between meals help maintain a healthy liver by allowing insulin levels to fluctuate.
Takeda has submitted a new drug application for its combination type 2 diabetes medication, ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) and glimepiride. This treatment aims to help patients manage their blood glucose levels by targeting insulin resistance and increasing insulin production.
A new approach to managing type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated in a Canadian study, showing that early addition of insulin glargine therapy can safely achieve better glycemic and metabolic outcomes. The results show lower and steady blood glucose levels more quickly and often compared to oral medications.
A North Carolina woman has successfully undergone an experimental islet cell transplant procedure, allowing her to become insulin-free. The procedure, performed at Carolinas Medical Center, is still in its early stages but holds promise for millions of people with Type 1 diabetes.
Researchers found hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption, reducing insulin output and slowing post-meal glucose levels. This delay can help reduce high peaks of glucose and the need for insulin, potentially leading to a therapeutic role in managing diabetes.
Excess body fat accelerates diabetes onset by activating the GPR40 receptor, which causes insulin production to increase. The receptor's excessive activation can lead to beta cell exhaustion and the onset of full-blown diabetes.
A new study found that spacing out insulin given by an insulin pump in two doses, one over eight hours, can keep glucose levels more favorable than a single dose or double dose taken over shorter periods. This method showed improved blood glucose control after a pizza meal without causing hypoglycemic events.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a new method to transform human neural stem cells into insulin-producing cells. The breakthrough could potentially lead to new ways of transplanting insulin-producing cells into people with diabetes and provide a cure for the disease.
Researchers found that rat fetuses exposed to a high-carbohydrate diet in utero developed increased insulin levels, appetite stimulation, and obesity. The study suggests that such malprogramming could be interrupted if the mother's weight and insulin levels are normalized before pregnancy.
Researchers discovered that overexpressing insulin transcription factors MafA, PDX-1, and NeuroD in the liver of diabetic mice increased insulin gene expression and improved glucose tolerance. This breakthrough suggests a crucial role for MafA as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes.
A new mouse model has shown reduced blood glucose levels and lower serum insulin, indicating improved glucose tolerance in the liver. The study found that Gab1 acts as a negative regulator on insulin signal strength in the liver, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Northwell Health's Institute for Medical Research have identified a crucial gene in type 1 diabetes development, which triggers the immune system to attack and kill beta cells. Blocking this protein may halt the harmful process and allow remaining beta cells to produce insulin.
Researchers found that leptin regulates blood sugar through two brain-body pathways, one controlling appetite and fat storage, and another influencing liver glucose reserves. The study suggests that disrupting both pathways may be necessary for developing full-blown diabetes.
Insulin production in the brain contributes to Alzheimer's progression, with growth factors playing a key role. Researchers found reduced insulin levels in affected areas, opening door for targeted brain treatment.
Research at Joslin Diabetes Center reveals that prenatal undernutrition can lead to impaired insulin production and higher blood glucose levels, setting the stage for type 2 diabetes. The study found that low-birth-weight mice had abnormal insulin secretion patterns, leading to permanent impairment.
Researchers successfully transplanted islets from a single donor pancreas into eight women with type 1 diabetes, achieving insulin independence and freedom from hypoglycemia. The trial resulted in superior glycemic control in four of five recipients with sustained insulin independence.
A study found that Salacia oblonga, a herb native to India and Sri Lanka, decreases insulin and blood glucose levels when consumed with meals. The herb works by binding to intestinal enzymes that break down carbohydrates, reducing the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) has developed the world's first cruelty-free insulin assay, a significant improvement over existing methods that rely on animal testing. The new test kit uses synthetic replacement for fetal calf serum and is now commercially available.
Researchers propose a new antiviral therapy targeting the smallpox growth factor, demonstrating effectiveness in lowering morbidity and mortality in infected mice. In another study, human bone marrow-derived stem cells are shown to regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction, providing a potential approach for heart repair.
A new study has identified a high mortality rate among advanced heart failure patients who use insulin to manage diabetes. Researchers found one-year survival rates of 62.1% for insulin-treated diabetic patients, compared to 89.7% for non-diabetic patients and 85.8% for non-insulin-treated diabetic patients.
The Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) collection provides nearly 10,000 DNA and clinical data samples from adults with type 1 diabetes in the US and Canada. The resource aims to study genes linked to kidney disease and diabetes.
Anthocyanins in cherries show promise for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes, with a 50% increase in insulin levels observed in mouse cells. More human studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Researchers found that reducing insulin-like molecules in fruit fly brains increases the intoxicating effect of alcohol, mimicking human vulnerabilities. Insulin regulates behavior and may be crucial in determining response to addictive drugs, offering potential therapy for alcoholism.
Researchers found that DHEA supplementation reduced visceral fat by 10.2% in women and 7.4% in men, improving insulin action and glucose levels. DHEA therapy also decreased subcutaneous abdominal fat by an average of 6%.
Dr. von Andrian will focus on setting up a new microscopy model at Joslin to study the interaction between islet cells and immune cells, aiming to develop a simple model for studying islet cells in living animals. He will also collaborate with Joslin researchers on stem cell projects and vascular complications in people with diabetes.
Researchers identified a gene called PTPN1 that represses insulin response and is associated with diabetes. The study found a common variant of the gene increases the risk of diabetes in Caucasians, while another form appears protective.
A clinical trial found that insulin pump therapy was safe and well-tolerated in preschool-aged children with type 1 diabetes. Parents were also satisfied with the devices, with 95 percent continuing use after a six-month study. The benefits of insulin pump therapy are still being evaluated in terms of flexibility and convenience.
A large study found that teenagers with insulin resistance are at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure as adults. Insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes, was linked to increased systolic blood pressure and obesity in the long-term study.
Researchers found that six days of moderate-intensity exercise improved insulin action in sedentary, overweight individuals by 40%, while traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors showed positive trends. In contrast, those who consumed sports drinks and additional food during exercise showed no significant changes or even negat...
A retrospective cohort study of 24,918 patients with type 2 diabetes found those on more than three years of insulin therapy have a significantly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. The study's lead author hopes the findings will lead to more effective cancer prevention efforts.
A three-month study found that patients with type 2 diabetes preferred the prefilled NovoLog(R) Mix 70/30 FlexPen(R) disposable pen due to its ease of use and flexibility. Patients who had never used insulin before reported significant benefits in perceived clinical efficacy.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered a primordial pancreas in fruit flies that produces both insulin and glucagon, two hormones crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new drugs for treating diabetes.
A study led by Mount Sinai School of Medicine researchers found that imidazole-4-acetic acid-ribotide may be a primary cause of high blood pressure and a molecular link to diabetes. The molecule binds to receptors in the brain, leading to elevated blood pressure, which can also impair insulin release.
A team at Georgia Institute of Technology has developed heat-controlled drug implants that can release medication over an extended period, targeting conditions like diabetes. The films, made from microparticles, could be triggered by blood glucose monitors to administer insulin or other medications.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that intensive glucose management in ICU patients resulted in a significant reduction in mortality rates, with a decrease of 29.3% and the prevention of 49 deaths. The treatment involved monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin to prevent elevations.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a new gene associated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. SUMO-4 plays a key role in regulating the immune system and has been found to prolong the inflammatory response when mutated, leading to cell death and destruction of insulin-producing cells.