Articles tagged with Insulin
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A low-glycemic load diet was found to promote greater weight loss and improvements in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations among obese individuals with high insulin secretion patterns. However, no significant differences were observed between the two diets for those with normal insulin secretion.
Subconjunctival insulin delivery has been shown to treat degenerative and inflammatory responses in diabetic rat retinas. Low-dose periocular insulin delivery may also be a potential treatment for early diabetic retinopathy, according to researchers.
Adult stem cells are not responsible for producing insulin, contrary to previous research. Instead, beta cells slowly divide to replenish their own population. This discovery advances basic knowledge of insulin biology and could lead to eventual therapies.
Dr. Frances M. Ashcroft's research discovered a rare genetic form of diabetes, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, and developed a treatment allowing children to switch from daily insulin injections to a daily pill. The American Physiological Society presented her with the Walter B. Cannon Award.
Researchers at the University of Alberta found a connection between high insulin levels and impaired intestinal lipid metabolism in an animal model, supporting the role of intestinal metabolic dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Excessive insulin slows chylomicron removal from the bloodstream, leading to blockages and heart problems.
A study suggests that stem cell transplantation can induce extended insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes. The therapy involved high-dose immunosuppression followed by autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, resulting in 93% of patients achieving periods of insulin independence. The treatmen...
A study of 108 individuals with a HNF4A mutation found an average increase in birthweight of 790g, with over half of the babies classified as macrosomic. Low blood-sugar levels at birth were also more common in these infants.
LCT reports a major breakthrough in islet transplantation, with a human patient showing evidence of live porcine islet cells and insulin production ten years after the transplant. The study demonstrates the long-term safety and viability of LCT's encapsulated porcine islets without immunosuppression.
Researchers aim to identify defective point in insulin signalling pathway for PCOS treatment. Insulin resistance linked to PCOS symptoms, fertility problems, and type-2 diabetes risk.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that knocking out the urocortin 3 gene protects mice against high-fat diet's harmful effects by reducing insulin production. This study suggests a new peptide plays a role in insulin secretion, offering potential therapeutic benefits for treating type 2 diabetes.
A study identifies ceramide as a key contributor to insulin resistance, linked to saturated fats and obesity. Blocking ceramide's synthesis improves insulin response in obese rodents, offering potential for new therapies.
A review published in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics confirms chromium picolinate's benefits in improving glycemic control and normalizing lipid levels. Higher doses of chromium picolinate are required for people with type 2 diabetes, and its greater bioavailability may explain its superior effects.
Researchers studying mice and rats found that CLA supplementation led to rapid weight loss in mice but excessive liver fat accumulation, a common side effect of rapid weight loss. In contrast, rats on a CLA-supplemented diet showed decreased insulin resistance despite not losing weight.
A recent Joslin Diabetes Center-led study has discovered that the appetite hormone melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) plays a crucial role in the growth of insulin-producing beta cells and insulin secretion. This finding may lead to the development of new treatments that stimulate beta cell growth to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found maternal cells in children with type 1 diabetes that produce insulin and may aid in pancreas repair. The study indicates that microchimerism, the transfer of mother's cells to child during pregnancy, might have therapeutic benefits.
Researchers found a decline in allergic reactions to insulin, largely attributed to improved purification methods. New continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems may help reduce these reactions even further.
JDRF is providing up to $2 million in funding for the 'Protégé' trial of teplizumab, a proprietary MacroGenics compound that has shown promise in slowing type 1 diabetes progression. The trial aims to assess teplizumab's capacity to reduce insulin requirements and maintain normal blood sugar levels.
A high-fat diet induces insulin resistance in mice, leading to increased beta-cell mass as the body attempts to compensate. Glucose levels are found to be a crucial trigger for this process, with GCK and IRS-2 playing key roles in the mechanism.
Scientists have discovered a gene called 'Titch' that plays a key role in the metabolism of insulin in flies and may also be relevant to humans. The finding has implications for the development of new drugs for Type II diabetes.
A new global malaria map is being developed to address the lack of accurate information on malaria endemicity, which will enable targeted treatment and resource allocation. The Malaria Atlas Project uses statistical approaches to fill in gaps in data and create a comprehensive map of malaria risk worldwide.
Researchers found that pioglitazone reduced carotid artery intima-media thickness by .001 millimeters and improved blood glucose control, while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. These findings suggest pioglitazone may be a new approach to further reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A study at the University of Illinois Chicago found that pioglitazone significantly slowed the thickening of carotid artery walls, reducing the risk of heart attack. The medication was shown to be effective regardless of age, sex, or diabetes duration.
Diabetic patients using cutting-edge technologies like insulin pumps and blood glucose monitoring devices experience better disease management with reduced daily pain. However, the lack of strong scientific evidence and insufficient patient-education resources hinder their widespread adoption.
The three-dimensional structure of insulin-degrading enzyme suggests ways to develop drugs that could either speed up or slow down its activity. The researchers discovered small mutations that increased the enzyme's activity by 40-fold, providing a blueprint for developing similar effects.
A clinical trial shows that islet transplantation using the Edmonton Protocol can dramatically benefit certain patients with severe complications of Type 1 diabetes. The procedure has promising implications for treating this autoimmune disease, which affects an estimated 21 million Americans.
A multicenter clinical trial confirmed the Edmonton Protocol's ability to safely promote long-term stabilization of blood sugar levels in 'brittle' diabetes patients, with some achieving insulin independence. Investigators also reported improved measures of blood glucose control and reversal of hypoglycemic unawareness.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the connection between calcineurin and diabetes. By inhibiting calcineurin, they were able to prevent beta cells from increasing their numbers and producing insulin, offering new hope for treating type-2 diabetes. The findings al...
A study of 161 African-Americans with type 2 diabetes found that poor sleep quality and quantity were associated with higher HbA1c levels, indicating poorer blood glucose control. The results suggest that optimizing sleep duration and quality may improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A team of CSIRO scientists has determined the molecular structure of the insulin receptor, a significant breakthrough that builds on years of international research. The discovery is expected to facilitate future research into new therapies for diabetes and cancer.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine successfully transplanted pig pancreatic primordia into rats with type 2 diabetes, curing the condition without the need for immune suppression drugs. The approach, similar to one that cured type 1 diabetes in previous studies, uses embryonic cells to produce insulin.
Researchers have identified two chemical compounds, PBA and TUDCA, that alleviate ER stress and restore normal glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice. These compounds also improved insulin response, reduced fatty liver disease, and prevented JNK activation, offering a potential new approach to treating metabolic syndrome.
A study found that insulin resistance in early teens may predict a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Insulin resistance was linked to increased blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol levels.
A study found that a gene variant increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adopting healthy lifestyle changes significantly reduces this genetic risk. The research, conducted by the DPP Genetics subgroup, identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene as a key risk factor for the disease.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo are part of a global effort to prevent type 1 diabetes through a $172 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The project aims to identify 100,000 individuals at risk and test interventions to halt the onset of the disease.
Researchers successfully transplanted embryonic pancreatic tissue from pigs into mice with reduced immune responses, enabling fully functional insulin production and normal blood sugar levels. The study's findings warrant further pre-clinical research on primate models to explore the potential for human transplantation.
The study found that ACTOS reduced the number of patients on insulin and mean daily insulin dose, as well as delaying need for permanent insulin use. In high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, these results could lead to less dependence on daily insulin use.
Researchers found that 48% of participants reported no or very little microvascular complications, and that some patients still have residual islet function. The study suggests that many patients with long-term type 1 diabetes may have some residual insulin production, paving the way for new treatments.
A study found that urocortin I impairs glucose-sensing neurons, leading to prolonged hypoglycemic responses. The regulation of the counterregulatory response is largely determined by CRFR2-mediated suppression and CRFR1-mediated activation in the hypothalamus.
A team of Canadian and American researchers has identified the role of SHP-1 in regulating blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. The study used genetically modified mice to demonstrate that SHP-1 inhibition can improve glucose metabolism at the liver and muscle levels, potentially leading to new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have successfully delivered insulin genes to the pancreas of rats using a new 'bubble' technique, resulting in lowered blood sugar levels and no damage to the organ. The technique, known as UTMD, delivers genes via microscopic bubbles that are burst with ultrasound, releasing the genes into the pancreas.
Men with metabolic syndrome are nearly twice as likely to develop heart failure as those without. The condition may directly affect the heart and boost fatty deposits in arteries, say researchers. Insulin resistance is thought to play a key role in this process.
A Joslin-led study has discovered that insulin signals to the liver differently for glucose and lipid metabolism, opening the door to developing targeted therapies. The research reveals new insights into phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which regulates insulin's action in the liver.
A recent study found that blocking ghrelin may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control in mice, potentially providing a new approach for treating type 2 diabetes. However, the study also raised concerns about potential long-term risks of increasing ATP production by pancreatic cells.
Scientists have discovered a new mechanism for the formation of insulin crystals, which is crucial for understanding diabetes. The discovery, made by University of Houston researchers, provides insight into how insulin molecules attach to crystals and could lead to breakthroughs in various fields.
Researchers found a gene in obese mice that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, which could lead to new drug targets and better diagnosis methods for humans. The study provides insight into how insulin-producing cells function and may help clinicians identify individuals at high risk of developing the disease.
Scientists have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how proteins are transported across cell membranes, a process fundamental to all living organisms. The findings could lead to new insights into the treatment of type-2 diabetes and other diseases.
The editorial concludes that inhaled insulin is not suitable for everyone with diabetes, citing high costs and limited long-term safety data. Despite this, individual physicians should discuss its use with patients on a case-by-case basis.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that beta cells can develop and grow normally even when both insulin and IGF-I receptors are missing. This discovery suggests the presence of independent growth factors and pathways necessary for beta cell development, which may lead to new treatments for people with diabetes.
Scientists discovered that Hap1 protein is linked to circulating insulin and regulates GABA receptors in the hypothalamus, controlling feeding behavior in mice. The study provides insights into how abnormalities of hypothalamic function contribute to diabetes and obesity.
Researchers found that administering losartan to rats with insensate third-degree burns reversed the insulin resistance caused by the burn injury, returning glucose levels to normal. The study suggests that blocking the renin-angiotensin system may be a key to preventing this condition in severe burn patients.
Researchers have found that liver signal STAT3 mediates the effects of brain insulin, which regulates glucose balance and insulin response. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by impaired glucose production in the liver.
Researchers discovered that consuming cinnamon improves insulin function, lowers glucose and lipid levels. Cloves also showed similar benefits for people with type 2 diabetes. The studies suggest that these spices may be useful in preventing or mitigating cardiovascular disease and other conditions related to inflammation.
Researchers found that insulin depletion in the brain triggers neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and oxidative stress, leading to Alzheimer's symptoms. The study provides evidence for impaired insulin signaling as a key factor in Alzheimer's disease progression.
A recent study found that insulin levels increase in African American children during puberty, making them more susceptible to Type 2 diabetes. The study, which tracked participants over seven years, also revealed that pancreatic beta-cell function decreases in African American youth, further exacerbating the risk.
A Joslin Diabetes Center study reveals insulin's critical role in blood vessel formation, which may lead to new treatments for heart attacks in diabetes patients. The researchers found that insulin activates a pathway producing VEGF, essential for new blood vessel growth.
Research suggests that obesity is linked to accelerated type I diabetes onset in patients with severely compromised pancreatic beta-cell function. Low birth weight also appears to be a contributing factor, with advanced age at diagnosis observed as birth weight decreased.
A genetic mutation in a heart protein has been identified as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in African American infants. Diabetic patients may benefit from a nerve survival protein called GDNF to treat gastrointestinal disorders related to diabetes.
Research highlights insulin, BDNF, and GDNF as critical growth factors regulating alcohol's effects, including intoxication sensitivity and consumption behaviors. The study suggests these factors have potential applications in treating alcohol addiction.
Researchers found that therapies targeting brain insulin receptors can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce insulin dose requirements. Gene therapy interventions also increased the animals' response to insulin therapy about 2-fold.
A high-fat diet suppresses the activity of GnT-4a glycosyltransferase, leading to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that people with an inherited predisposition to type 2 diabetes may have variations in the gene for GnT-4a.