In a study of wild field crickets, males are found to protect females from predators, increasing their chances of survival. In exchange, paired males sire more offspring with each partner, suggesting that this 'chivalry' may have evolutionary benefits. The findings challenge traditional interpretations of male guarding behavior.
A new study reveals liver cancer incidence rates are rising in North America and Oceania, while declining in some Asian countries. Despite this, liver cancer remains a significant health issue in these regions, with high rates of infection and limited effective treatments.
Researchers found that racially integrated neighborhoods with similar socioeconomic and environmental conditions showed reduced health disparities among black and white Americans. The study suggests that addressing neighborhood resources and underlying health conditions can help close racial gaps in health outcomes.
Researchers from UNH and NOAA successfully mapped over 17,000 square kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico using multibeam sonar technology. The technology detects gas seeps in the water column with remarkable accuracy, providing essential data for understanding ocean environments and regulating oil-drilling activities.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have found that two nuclear receptors, EcR/Usp and E75A, work against each other during Drosophila metamorphosis. The study reveals that E75A replaces EcR/Usp to repress genes in the absence of ecdysone hormone.
Researchers have found visual evidence for two extrasolar planets in archival Hubble data from 1998, using a novel approach to detect faint planet signals. The discovery allows for the tracking of planetary orbits and provides insight into system stability, mass, and eccentricity.
A new translational research center aims to predict and prevent osteoarthritis in young people and improve care for adults suffering from the disease. The center will integrate imaging, biomechanics, and clinical medicine to develop clinical tools that can assess degeneration and risk factors.
Ancient structures at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey were initially thought to be the world's oldest temples, but an archaeologist argues they may have been large communal houses instead. The presence of art and decoration does not necessarily mean the buildings were exclusively religious spaces.
A study published in the American Journal of Sociology found that individuals lacking personal wealth are significantly less likely to enter into a first marriage. The research suggests that wealth plays an important role in marriage decisions, with owning a car increasing the probability of getting married by 2.6 percentage points.
A study published in PLOS Genetics identified a gene and protein involved in regulating insulin secretion in obese mice. The researchers found that a single amino acid difference in the tomosyn-2 protein destabilizes it, leading to an insufficient insulin response and diabetes susceptibility.
Researchers identified a novel mechanism where Chlamydia trachomatis tricks host cells into taking up the bacteria by coating itself with a growth factor made by the cells. This disguise creates a positive feedback loop, enabling bacterial infection and spread.
Researchers have discovered two genetically distinct HIV types in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated dementia, which may predict disease progression and cognitive damage. The study found that one variant infects macrophages, a type of white blood cell, while the other reproduces in T cells.
A living species of aquatic beetle, Helophorus sibiricus, was discovered in 20-million-year-old sediments in southern Siberia. The fossil provides new data on the average duration of an insect species and suggests that some species may survive for millions of years.
Researchers found almost no DNA structural mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed using a standard four-gene method. The study used advanced chromosomal error-mapping methods and detected only one mutation per line, which likely originated from the reprogramming process.
The Optical Society's Applied Optics journal publishes a special focus issue on Light and Color in the Open Air, featuring striking images of natural optical phenomena such as rainbows, fog bows, coronas, sprites, and mirages. The accompanying online photo gallery showcases the beauty and science behind these phenomena.
A Californian-based study found traffic-related air pollution, particularly PAH, is linked to a 30% increase in premature births. Seasonal changes and proximity to the coast also affect pollutant concentrations.
A research team led by Professor Christian Weber has discovered a peptide that promotes the healing of damaged blood vessels and prevents restenosis in stent implantations. The peptide, cathelicidin, was found to improve endothelial cell recovery and prevent the formation of neointima.
A new study from Northwestern Medicine found that the brain uses predictive coding to generate templates of specific smells, setting up a mental expectation before sensing them. This ability provides humans with a behavioral advantage in reacting quickly and accurately to stimuli in their environment.
Researchers have discovered a method to harness patient-derived neural stem cells as an alternative source of insulin-producing beta cells for regenerative treatments. This breakthrough could potentially overcome the shortage of donor pancreatic beta cells and provide a safer, more accessible way to treat diabetes.
Scientists have detected pulsed gamma-ray emission from the Crab pulsar at energies far beyond what current theoretical models can explain. The VERITAS telescope array detected gamma-rays with energies exceeding 100 billion electron-volts, putting new constraints on the mechanism for how the gamma-ray emission is generated.
Researchers are utilizing Office of Naval Research's FARSIGHT to identify and classify cancer-related cells. The technology, originally developed for mine hunting, improves accuracy and consistency in cell identification, potentially saving lives in the future.
The European Space Agency (ESA) will collaborate with NASA on the Solar Orbiter mission, a spacecraft designed to study the powerful influence of the sun. The mission aims to understand how solar activity affects Earth's magnetic environment and potentially damaging satellites.
Researchers discovered that longer flanking repeat regions and timing of genetic recombination affect the risk of genomic disorders. Studies on Smith-Magenis syndrome and Potocki-Lupski syndrome found correlations between chromosome length and genetic material loss or duplication.
NASA's TRMM satellite provided critical clues to Philippe's strengthening, revealing towering thunderstorms and intense rainfall. The satellite's data showed deep convective towers reaching heights of over 13km, indicating the storm was intensifying.
Researchers at Temple University found that cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound in marijuana, can prevent the onset of neuropathic pain caused by chemotherapy drugs. The study's lead author notes that cannabidiol may be an effective therapeutic for breast cancer patients experiencing debilitating pain.
Researchers have discovered a crucial gene that boosts antibody responses against retroviruses, including HIV. The discovery highlights the potential for targeted therapies to enhance antibody production and combat viral infections.
Researchers focus on Northern Bettong to understand climate change impact. Short-term weather events reveal clearer insights into animal movements and range boundaries than gradual climate changes.
A new study published in Psychological Science explains how motivation drives groups to behave in a particular manner. The research found that a threat to American identity influences how Americans respond to the symbolic building of a mosque near Ground Zero.
A three-year study led by FSU biologists is examining the conditions supporting the goliath grouper's population recovery in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. The research aims to inform policy decisions on sustainable fishing levels, economic uses of marine resources, and conservation efforts.
Researchers create computerized caricatures of idealized faces for Labour and Conservative MPs based on participants' perceptions. The study finds that the public's perception of an MP's face influences their political affiliation
The Crab pulsar generates beams of radiation from its spinning magnetic field, detected as rapid pulses of gamma-ray radiation. Researchers have detected these pulses with unprecedented energies, exceeding 100 billion electron-volts, putting new constraints on the mechanism for how this emission is generated.
The Biophysical Society has announced its 2012 Society Fellows, recognizing their outstanding research in molecular motors, computational biology, single molecule biology, and protein folding. The fellows are honored at the Awards Ceremony during the Biophysical Society's 56th Annual Meeting.
A global survey of over 15,000 people found that friends and family have a significant impact on personal health, with nearly half believing they are responsible for their lifestyle. People who model a healthier lifestyle often distance themselves from others, while those with unhealthy habits tend to disengage from healthy influences.
A multi-institutional project based at the University of Chicago aims to apply data mining methods to understand the genetic and environmental factors behind neuropsychiatric disorders. The Sylvio O. Conte Center will combine statistical power from pre-existing genetics, pharmacogenomics, text-mining, and clinical record databases.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals that fair sanctions are orchestrated by the interaction between two frontal brain regions: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This communication is crucial for punishing norm violations at one's own expense.
Arizona State University is developing a high-throughput system for rapid radiation biodosimetry to measure gene expression in individuals exposed to abnormal levels of radiation. The project aims to ensure medical responders have the necessary information to provide appropriate medical treatment and human health safety.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University discovered that calcineurin inhibitors spurs the production of a natural protein in the kidney, leading to hypertension. A thiazide diuretic drug blocks this protein, reducing hypertension in mice and showing promise for transplant patients with similar issues.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have successfully created a catalyst that converts carbon dioxide into fuel using artificial photosynthesis. The innovation uses an ionic liquid to reduce energy requirements, making it more efficient.
Measurable changes in brain function and communication between regions may indicate disease progression in early HIV infection. Cognitive decline is associated with reduced survival time and increased risk of death.
The NIH has launched a new research program to investigate the impact of climate change on human health, with a focus on identifying risk factors and vulnerabilities among various populations. The program aims to develop data and models to support health impact predictions and guide public health interventions.
A new study identifies genetic signatures in Arabidopsis thaliana that govern fitness in different climates. The research reveals climate influences the suite of genes passed on to plants to optimize their survival and reproduction.
A team of astrophysicists has detected pulsed gamma rays from the Crab Nebula with energies up to 400 billion electronvolts, far exceeding previous detection limits. The high-energy emission challenges existing pulsar models and may require significant adjustments to our understanding of these extreme systems.
A new study found that teenagers experience more arguments with family members on days when they had conflicts with peers, and vice versa. Family fights lasted longer than peer conflicts, affecting relationships for up to two days later.
Researchers have analyzed and ranked various risk factors for open angle glaucoma to enable earlier screening. The study found that certain factors such as age, smoking history, visual field test results, and Cup-to-Disk ratio significantly increase the risk of developing OAG.
A newly discovered metabolic pathway involving the dioxin receptor has been found to promote tumor growth and weaken the immune system in glioma patients. The research, published in Nature, suggests that inhibiting this pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment.
Researchers found widespread disagreement among scientists studying cancer metastasis, with no two scenarios identical. The study suggests making assumptions explicit can improve biomedical modeling and create new opportunities for understanding alternative theories.
Research suggests earlier male circumcision can reduce HIV and HPV transmission rates in South Africa. The study found that high prevalence of HPV among HIV-infected men and their female partners limits the effectiveness of male circumcision as a prevention method.
A US Department of Agriculture scientist has developed a partnership with South African colleagues to improve cattle breeding, benefiting breeders worldwide. The research focuses on the Nguni breed, which is popular among poor farmers due to its fertility and tolerance to harsh conditions.
The Biophysical Society recognizes Edward Egelman for his leadership in Biophysical Journal and service to the Society, while Kenneth Dill and Sarina Bromberg receive the Emily M. Gray Award for their landmark textbook on molecular biophysics.
A study has identified a gene, Tomosyn-2, that confers diabetes susceptibility in obese mice by regulating insulin secretion. The protein acts as a brake on insulin release from the pancreas, and its destabilization allows for sufficient insulin production to prevent diabetes.
A $5 million grant will support the development of high-energy density lithium-sulfur batteries that can provide 600 watt-hours per liter. The goal is to create safe, reliable, and economical long-lasting advanced cells with nonflammable electrolytes for improved cell cycling life.
A 22-year retrospective analysis of brain dead organ donors in the Netherlands found that discussing donation with relatives earlier may negatively impact consent rates. The introduction of the Donor Register in 1998 increased patient-consent rates seven-fold, from 5.7% to 41%.
Researchers at Brown University created the highest-resolution picture of the bottom of the lithosphere in southern California, measuring the boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The study found dramatic changes in lithosphere thickness, revealing new insights into how rifting shaped the region.
A Rutgers-affiliated company has received a $207,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop a technology that analyzes tissue from breast cancer biopsies to predict how aggressive the disease is likely to be. This technology could help physicians and patients plan effective therapies with minimal side effects.
A recent study found that drugs promoting nitric oxide production may improve recovery in critically ill patients with low oxygen levels. NO is produced by virtually every cell and serves important functions including blood pressure regulation, learning, and memory formation.
University of North Carolina cardiologist Cam Patterson received the 2012 Judah Folkman Award in Vascular Biology. His groundbreaking work on angiogenesis and VEGF cell receptor signaling has led to basic research findings being translated into clinical trials for new cardiovascular therapies.
Foals weaned in the presence of other mares show reduced stress levels and adapt faster to life without their mothers. Weaning methods can significantly impact stress hormone levels in foals, with gradual separation showing less stress than abrupt removal.
Researchers found Sox2 expression in various adult tissues, including stomach, testes, and cervix, confirming its status as a widespread marker of adult stem cells. These cells can give rise to all mature cell types in their respective tissues.
Researchers used the $20 million VERITAS telescope to discover pulsed gamma rays exceeding energies of 100 billion electron volts, a surprise given previous detection limits were at 25 billion eV. The findings indicate a need for new ideas about pulsars and their gamma-ray production.
Epidemiological maps suggest South Texas is an area of high risk for Chagas infection, with potentially hundreds of undiagnosed cases. The disease can be hard to detect and may be misinterpreted as a flu-like illness, leading to delayed diagnosis.
A UBC study reveals that envious employees are more likely to undermine peers if they feel disconnected from others. The researchers found that moral disengagement is a key factor in sabotaging behavior, occurring when employees experience weak relationships with colleagues.
A recent study published in the Journal of Trauma and Injury found that even after adjusting for injury severity and other factors, African-American patients have a significantly higher overall post-scene mortality rate than white patients. The study analyzed data from over 137,000 assault cases and found that black patients faced high...
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have identified a rare genetic alteration responsible for a severe form of hypoglycemia. This discovery offers an explanation for the condition and suggests a potential target for new drugs.
Researchers developed a mouse model to track bone marrow cell migration to tumors and found that these cells can slow tumor growth. The study suggests that targeting bone marrow cells may lead to more effective cancer treatments.
Tropical Depression 10 and Tropical Storm Irwin formed in the eastern Pacific after Hurricane Hilary dissipated. The storms were detected by NASA's Aqua satellite, which captured strong convection around their centers of circulation.
Researchers found that additional matching for HLA-C significantly lowered transplant-related deaths after umbilical cord blood transplants. The study suggests that altering present selection strategies for cord-blood units might ameliorate excess transplant-related mortality.
The Tobacco Control Act National Longitudinal Study of Tobacco Users will follow over 40,000 users of tobacco products and those at risk for tobacco use. The study aims to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes on risk perceptions and other tobacco-related attitudes.
The Harrisburg Preschool Program has shown substantial long-term effects on reading and math achievement in children attending the program. In grades 1-5, HPP students outperformed peers who did not attend, with significant increases in advanced or proficient scores.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a genetic biopsy technique to analyze the genes expressed by human eggs without harming them. By comparing the gene expression sequences in polar bodies and their host eggs, they found that more than 90% of detected genes were also present in the eggs.
A new study found that children are heavily influenced by fast food advertisements and parental encouragement when making food choices. However, with consistent parental messages about healthy eating, the effects of advertising can be undone.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute have identified a new component of the cellular machinery that senses dietary amino acids, which is essential for mTORC1 activation. This finding provides new information about mTORC1 and its role in cellular metabolism in both normal cells and cancer cells.
A genome-wide association study found genetic variants associated with increased risk of low testosterone concentrations in men. The study, which pooled data from 14,429 Caucasian men, identified specific genes, including SHBG and X chromosome variants, linked to lower testosterone levels.
Researchers have discovered how cells detect and respond to tissue damage, a process triggered by the molecule syndecan-4. This understanding could lead to improved tissue repair treatments for patients following illness or surgery.
In a study published by the American Psychological Association, children aged 3-6 demonstrated a preference for attributing ownership to human-made objects over natural ones. This distinction was consistent even when encountering unfamiliar objects not previously seen.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed an iPhone app that measures vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation using a built-in video camera. The technology is comparable in accuracy to traditional medical monitoring devices, allowing patients to carry an accurate physiological monitor anywhere.
A meta-analysis of nine epidemiologic studies found that marijuana use by drivers significantly increases the risk of car accidents. Drivers who test positive for marijuana or report driving within three hours of use are more than twice as likely to be involved in crashes.
Researchers at the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp have developed a molecular identification technology that accurately identifies biting midges responsible for spreading bluetongue disease. This breakthrough can help determine where the disease will spread and inform effective pest control strategies.
Researchers detected high-energy gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar system, which cannot be explained by current models. The observations exceed 100 billion electron volts, shedding new light on pulsars and their behavior.
Researchers from the University of Exeter found that male insects are not aggressive towards their mates but instead protective and willing to risk their lives to ensure female safety. This challenges previous assumptions about insect relationships, suggesting a more nuanced understanding of natural selection in the wild.
Professor Lynn Shay has been elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) for his outstanding contributions to atmospheric and oceanic sciences. His research focuses on upper ocean impacts on hurricane intensity changes, and he has published over 85 papers in peer-reviewed journals.