Articles tagged with Metabolism
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed a material to selectively oxidize urea in water, producing hydrogen gas. The material, made of nickel and cobalt atoms with tailored electronic structures, enables the efficient conversion of urea into hydrogen through an electrochemical reaction.
Water bears' remarkable hardiness is linked to a molecular sensor that detects free radicals, triggering dormancy. Cysteine oxidation plays a key role in this process, enabling tardigrades to respond to environmental stressors.
TRPC3 plays a crucial role in regulating Ca2+ influx in ALD, with its loss linked to increased hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Experimental studies show that TRPC3 overexpression can restore chronic alcohol-induced liver damage.
Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and their French partners receive funding for two distinctive biology projects through the ANR-DFG program. The EVOMET project investigates plant metabolism, while the NeuroDevFunc project explores how fruit flies process visual motion generated by self-movement.
Researchers at the Boyce Thompson Institute discovered a novel family of metabolites called acylspermidines that are linked to sirtuin activity. These compounds were found to influence lifespan in C. elegans and cell proliferation in mammals, providing new insights into the physiological functions of spermidine and sirtuins.
Researchers found a single gene involved in iron-sulphur clusters crucial for TB bacterium's persistence. The IscS gene helps regulate the SUF operon, preventing hypervirulence and allowing the bacteria to survive harsh lung conditions.
A recent study published in Nature reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts dietary lipid processing in enterocytes, leading to abnormal fat accumulation and impaired nutrient delivery. The findings provide new insights into the gastrointestinal symptoms of mitochondrial disease and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have discovered a new control mechanism that drives the maturation of human stem cell-derived heart muscle cells, providing fresh insight into cardiac regenerative therapy and disease modeling. The study identifies RBFox1 as a key intrinsic regulator of heart muscle cell maturation.
A UC San Diego study found biomarkers in blood that can help identify individuals at high risk of becoming suicidal, offering a new approach to personalize mental health care. The researchers also discovered sex-based differences in how depression impacts cell metabolism and identified potential targets for future drugs.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona discover iron accumulation as a driver of pathological senescence and fibrosis, highlighting its role in various fibrotic disorders. The study identifies potential methods for non-invasive assessment and treatment of fibrotic diseases via MRI and chemical compounds.
Researchers found that switching fruit flies to a low-calorie diet extends their lifespan, even in old age. This study suggests that obese humans may benefit from reducing calorie intake in old age, as it can dramatically change their metabolisms and extend their lives.
A plant-based diet has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 24%, with benefits attributed to improved metabolism and liver function. Additionally, healthy eating patterns were found to improve organ function, particularly in individuals with genetic predispositions or other risk factors.
Researchers discovered that intestinal epithelium-derived exosomes, specifically containing miR-21a-5p and miR-145a-5p, reduce liver lipid deposition in mice. These findings suggest a novel pathway for the intestine to regulate liver lipid homeostasis, providing potential targets for NAFLD prevention and treatment.
A new study by Texas A&M University researchers found a significant decrease in measles antibody concentrations with increasing urinary arsenic levels in children with low serum folate levels. Folate intake may mitigate the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure, but the unequal impact of arsenic by sex remains unclear.
Researchers discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) in mitochondria inhibits pyruvate entry, facilitating cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Downregulation of YBX1 promotes cellular oxygen consumption and reduces lactic acid production, while inhibition of the MPC1/2 complex by YBX1 enhances metastatic capacity.
Regular exercise training boosts memory and spatial cognition in obese mice, reducing age-related cognitive decline and inflammation. The study highlights the crucial role of physical activity in preventing obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
A study by researchers from Osaka University found that HSP47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is significantly expressed in fat tissue and correlates with body fat levels. High or low HSP47 expression was linked to high or low body fat levels in both humans and mice.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism for removing RNA-protein crosslinks induced by aldehydes, which can damage cellular function. This discovery sheds light on the effects of aldehydes on human cells and may be particularly important for maintaining cell function in older individuals.
A new study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison suggests that reducing isoleucine intake can extend lifespan and improve health outcomes. Mice on a low-isoleucine diet lived 33% longer and showed better health markers than those on a balanced diet.
Researchers analyzed genes and brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease to find sex-specific differences in immune function, cellular metabolism, and communication between brain cells. The study suggests that these differences contribute to women's increased risk for the disease and its severity.
A recent study reveals that intestinal MCT1 regulates inflammation and metabolism in a sex-dimorphic pattern, with male mice showing enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation, while female mice experience exacerbation of diet-induced obesity. The study suggests that gender-specific treatments are needed for metabolic disorders.
Researchers found that older fish deviate from a youthful fasting and refeeding cycle, entering a permanent fasting state despite eating. Genetic activation of AMP kinase's γ1 subunit restored benefits of refeeding in old killifish, improving health and longevity.
Researchers from Incheon National University create gelatin patches that generate molecular oxygen to accelerate wound healing. The new hydrogels demonstrate improved coagulation, blood closure, and neovascularization in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
A recent study published in the Journal of Cell Biology has made significant progress in understanding autophagy and lipid recycling. Researchers used yeast as a model organism to identify key players in the process, including Atg15, Pep4, and Prb1, and demonstrated that Pep4 and Prb1 activate Atg15 to break down phospholipid bilayers.
Researchers discovered that manganese ions can directly bind to the coat protein complex II (COPII) complex, enhancing its condensation and resulting in a unique bell-shaped regulation on blood lipid levels. This mechanism enables the reversal of atherosclerotic plaques in murine disease models.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered that a metabolic increase in the hippocampus is an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease. The study found that changes in mitochondrial metabolism precede synaptic disorganization and impaired autophagy, highlighting potential new methods for early intervention.
Researchers found that thyroid hormones of the mother during pregnancy affect the later activity of brown adipose tissue in offspring. High maternal thyroid hormone levels were associated with more active brown fat in offspring.
Researchers discovered that gut microbiota-derived 7-DHC regulates circadian rhythms, reduces inflammation in the gut, and treats experimental colitis by targeting key genes. This molecule has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Researchers at Saarland University have identified a crucial mechanism in the human OPA1 protein that enables optimal energy conversion in mitochondria. This breakthrough could lead to customized therapeutic solutions for patients with OPA1-related diseases.
Research found that poor sleep quality is associated with less muscle strength and mass, more body fat, anxiety, and depression in obese older people. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality to prevent negative health outcomes in this population.
A new study reveals that changing nutrient use can reprogram immune cells, potentially treating cancer and infections. By blocking choline metabolism, researchers found a 'tremendous reprogramming of the immune profile' in mice, suggesting this knowledge could lead to novel therapies.
Researchers have developed a standardized synthetic molasses with a fully known composition that can be used as a culture medium for yeast fermentation. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the influence of specific components and develop bioprocesses worldwide, facilitating comparative research and industrial applications.
A new approach allows researchers to create maps of coral biochemistry, detailing the distribution of compounds integral to reef health. This innovation provides unprecedented insight into coral resilience and potential stressors like warmer ocean temperatures and acidification.
Peroxisomes, like miniature factories, specialize in detoxifying cells by dismantling excess fatty acids and toxic substances. The discovery sheds light on the recycling mechanism of biological nanomachines, AAA-ATPases, which keeps inner cell surroundings clean and functional.
Researchers found that training the gut's immune system to target flagellin, a protein enabling bacterial motility, protects against emulsifier-induced chronic intestinal inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. This study suggests a potential new approach for preventing inflammatory conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A new set of diagnostic criteria for MAFLD has been developed, providing accurate and reliable diagnoses. This development has increased awareness of the disease and paved the way for further research and clinical trials, offering a significant step forward in diagnosing and treating MAFLD.
Researchers developed two Arf1 inhibitors that significantly increase T cell infiltration into tumors. By affecting lipid metabolism, they found that blocking Arf1 upregulates chemokine CCL5 and activates the PPARγ-NF-κB pathway, promoting cytotoxic T cell infiltration and anti-tumor effects.
Researchers at State University of Campinas found that coconut oil supplementation led to significant alterations in food intake, weight gain, and anxious behavior in mice. The study suggests that long-term consumption of coconut oil can contribute to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities.
A new CNIC study confirms that controlling traditional cardiovascular risk factors can prevent Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Maintaining a low cardiovascular risk is linked to preserved cerebral glucose metabolism, indicating better brain health.
Researchers overcome challenges in synthesizing iron-sulfur proteins by developing a novel protocol that functions in an oxygen-free environment. The protocol uses a combination of protein systems and enzymes to produce mature Fe-S proteins, which has significant implications for synthetic biology and anaerobic enzymology.
A new study suggests that extreme dietary habits, such as low-carb intake in men and high-fat intake in women, are associated with higher mortality risks. The findings indicate that individuals should balance their diet to avoid extremes, while ensuring energy from various food sources.
A team of researchers from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics has developed a microbial platform for efficient lignocellulose bio-refinery in yeast. The system can produce valuable chemicals like fatty acids and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, overcoming limitations in xylose assimilation and glucose repression.
Recent meta-analysis finds MAFLD associated with higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. People with MAFLD are 20% more likely to develop CKD than those without the condition.
Researchers found that liraglutide improves associative learning in people with obesity by restoring brain activity to normal-weight levels. The study showed that participants with obesity had reduced ability to associate sensory stimuli and decreased brain activity compared to those with normal weight.
Researchers have found that mouse stem cells mimic their parent animals' cold resistance, generating energy differently at low temperatures. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying organ preservation and human hibernation using in vitro models.
Researchers developed an AI model that estimates age from chest X-rays and found a correlation between age discrepancy and chronic diseases like hypertension and COPD. The model was validated using data from multiple institutions, showing strong results.
A study by Eötvös Loránd University researchers reveals that the iron uptake mechanism by plastids in the absence of light is similar to photosynthesis. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of plant-based foods as a source of essential iron for humans.
Researchers found that ranolazine, a heart medication, slows down tumor progression and increases visibility of melanoma cells to the immune system. This combination could improve response rates for immunotherapies in patients with melanoma.
A new imaging technique, tau PET, has been shown to predict cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients with greater accuracy than current methods. This breakthrough could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes.
A study published in Liver Research found that glucokinase activators (GKAs) improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity. However, GKAs also induced hepatic lipid accumulation, which activated the PERK-UPR signaling pathway.
Researchers discovered CYP450s exhibit unique soft-robotic properties, acting as sensors and responding to stimuli. The findings open up new avenues in soft-robotics research, potentially revolutionizing fields like AI design and nanomachine synthesis.
Researchers at UC Riverside discovered that female mice secrete more RELMalpha, an immune protein, which protects them against obesity and inflammation. In contrast, male mice have lower levels of RELMalpha, leading to increased inflammation and obesity.
A study published in Hepatology reveals that abnormal pre-mRNA splicing is associated with liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The researchers propose targeting specific splicing factors as a novel approach to mitigate the disease.
Researchers discovered lactate's role in helping neural stem cells develop into specialized neurons. Lactate sends signals to cells, modifying and strengthening neuronal functions. The study provides insight into lactate signaling in the nervous system, with potential applications for preventing or controlling cognitive diseases.
Researchers developed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering, demonstrating potential for clinical applications. The scaffolds can reconstruct desired tissue EM through non-invasive ultrasonic stimulation, promoting cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation.
Researchers found that mannose inhibits the growth of certain types of cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to chemotherapy. Mannose has been shown to trigger 'honeybee syndrome' in these cells, which impairs DNA synthesis and replication.
A team from the University of Tokyo combines economic theory with biology to understand how natural systems respond to change. They use the Slutsky equation to discover that different metabolic systems share previously unknown universal properties, which can be understood using tools from other academic fields.
Researchers discovered a hormone in adipose tissue that protects beta cells, which make insulin, in lean individuals and reverses damage in obese people. The study provides hope for developing novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate obesity-related health problems.
A comprehensive review of biochemical markers for bone fragility in diabetes identifies low bone turnover and alterations in bone quality as key factors. The study suggests that glycemic control, AGEs, and serum IGF-1 may have predictive value for fracture risk in patients with diabetes.
A new database linking RNA editing to blood cell differentiation has been established, providing a platform to accelerate research on leukemia and other pathologies. The REDH database includes detailed information on RNA editing sites in healthy and malignant hematopoietic cells.