Articles tagged with Metabolism
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new class of drugs that block mitochondrial function and reverse diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes in mice. The treatment increased fat metabolism, leading to drastic weight loss and restored glucose tolerance.
Researchers explore plant-based therapeutic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine formulas as alternatives to treat IBD, while also developing advanced diagnostic tools using metabolomics analysis. The studies found significant improvements in symptoms of IBD and treatment outcomes for chemotherapy-related toxicity.
Researchers found that plastic food packaging contains a vast array of toxic chemicals, affecting hormone secretion and metabolism. The study identifies 11 chemical combinations that can activate G-protein-coupled receptors, potentially disrupting bodily functions.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discover that liver mitochondria adapt to food presence via nerve cells, leading to improved insulin sensitivity. This finding could pave the way for new type 2 diabetes treatments.
Researchers identify TRMT10C enzyme causing methylation of ND5 mRNA, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced energy supply to the brain. Impairment of complex I in the respiratory chain contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Researchers found that spinal cord injury triggers abnormal neuronal activity that causes abdominal fat tissue compounds to leak and pool in the liver and other organs. A short course of gabapentin, commonly prescribed for nerve pain, prevented this damaging metabolic effect.
Scientists at CNIC have identified mechanisms by which anthracyclines damage the hearts of cancer patients, leading to cardiac injury. The study suggests that a protein-enriched diet may prevent muscle atrophy caused by anthracycline chemotherapy.
Research reveals specific lipids accumulate in tissues as we age and can be decreased through exercise, according to a recent study published in Nature Aging. The findings suggest that exercise may have a role in reversing age-related changes in human muscle tissue.
Scientists at University of California San Diego discover how one TZD drug works and replicate its benefits in mice without side effects. Researchers identify specific microRNA responsible for beneficial metabolic effects, paving the way for potential new therapies for type 2 diabetes.
The review found women report lower sleep quality, more fluctuations, and higher likelihoods of developing restless legs syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder. Women's brains respond differently to food images after sleep deprivation, with increased emotional processing and activation.
Researchers at Nagoya University discover aldehydes cause DNA damage and contribute to premature aging in humans. The team proposes a link between aldehyde-derived DNA damage and premature aging, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
A study by researchers from the University of Gothenburg found that shy sea anemones can outlast bold ones during extreme heatwaves due to their slower metabolism. This survival strategy may be beneficial for other cold-blooded marine species exposed to rapid temperature changes.
Researchers found that genetic variations in THC-metabolizing enzymes can influence how young adults experience cannabis, with slower metabolizers at higher risk for cannabis use disorder. The study suggests educating teens about the differences in cannabis effects could improve their understanding of risk factors.
Researchers found that MAFB inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, reducing sympathetic nerve fiber density and impairing thermogenic capacity. This regulation plays a key role in maintaining body temperature in cold environments.
Researchers discovered that alternate day fasting aggravates atherosclerosis in mice by suppressing the expression of hepatic activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). ADF also increased cholesterol profiles, contradicting its protective effects against obesity and metabolic disorders. The study sheds light on the complex role of ATF3 ...
A recent discovery reveals that the natural molecule trigonelline can increase NAD+ levels and improve muscle function during ageing. Lower levels of trigonelline were found in older people with sarcopenia, a condition where muscles weaken and mass is lost.
Researchers found that Kallistatin expression increases after weight loss, improving hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese mice. This protein may be an interesting therapeutic target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have identified a gene responsible for the development of starvation-induced fatty liver in cavefish, which are able to protect their liver due to reduced fat accumulation. This genetic basis has implications for understanding and addressing liver conditions in humans, including Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Recent discoveries enable researchers to efficiently harness the glow of bioluminescent plants using a native plant gene. The compact gene acts as a bridge between plant metabolism and light production, allowing for a constantly changing spectacle of natural light.
A new approach enables scientists to measure entropy production at the nanoscale, shedding light on energy efficiency and metabolic processes in living systems. The study uses colloidal particles to measure fluctuations in the red blood cell membrane and apply minuscule forces to analyze heat flow.
A new biomarker, N-methylpyridinium, has been validated for coffee consumption and is considered a reliable qualitative biomarker. The substance is specific to roasted Arabica and Robusta coffee and can be easily detected in various body fluids after coffee consumption.
Research reveals that abnormal microbes in adipose tissue of postnatal growth retardation piglets alter energy metabolism and glycolipid balance. Supplementation with phosphatidylethanolamine alleviates metabolic disorders and improves growth.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that older women who sat for 11.7 hours or more per day increased their risk of death by 30 percent. The study used machine-learned algorithm CHAP to examine total sitting time and length of sitting bouts.
Scientists successfully synthesized pantetheine, a chemical essential for all living things, in lab conditions mimicking early Earth. The compound is crucial for metabolism and may have played a role in the emergence of life on Earth.
Researchers discovered that exposure to atrazine increases intestinal rotation in reverse direction, disrupting metabolism and cellular processes in frog embryos. This finding suggests a potential link between environmental chemicals and human intestinal malrotation.
Researchers have confirmed a new method for precise body composition analysis using 3D surface scans and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This approach yields accurate measurements of fat, lean muscle, and bone, surpassing commercial software in clinical settings.
A study has identified 1,289 genetic markers associated with Type 2 diabetes, including 145 newly discovered markers. The research provides risk scores for diabetes complications and suggests potential genetic targets for new treatments.
A recent study by Swansea University analyzed the link between digit ratio and oxygen consumption in professional football players. The research found that athletes with longer ring digits relative to their index fingers had more efficient oxygen metabolism, reaching high maximal oxygen consumption during a cardiopulmonary test.
Researchers found that honey bees can fly in temperatures ranging from 77 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit without overheating, by lowering their wingbeat frequency and increasing stroke amplitude. This adaptation helps the bees conserve water and improve their heat tolerance.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is highly correlated with various aging hallmarks, including mitochondrial abnormalities and cellular senescence. AhR signaling regulates airway inflammation in asthma, suggesting its crucial role in regulating asthma phenotypes.
The Vilcek Foundation has awarded $250,000 to four immigrant scientists for their pioneering work in biomedical science. Luciano Marraffini, Gerta Hoxhaj, Tomasz Nowakowski, and Takanori Takebe are recognized for their contributions to cancer research, pluripotent stem cells, and CRISPR-Cas systems.
Researchers found a correlation between body temperature and depression symptom severity in a large international study. Participants with higher depression scores had higher body temperatures, suggesting that cooling the body may be a novel treatment approach for depression.
Researchers will analyze publicly available data using machine learning and computational methods to identify key species in a healthy microbial community. They plan to use this information to design a healthy microbiome model and assess its response to diseases, which could lead to targeted therapies and improved medication absorption.
A study by Chinese scientists reveals that dAcsl regulates systemic lipid homeostasis by modulating interorgan lipid transport. The researchers found that dAcsl knockdown leads to disruptions in overall lipid metabolism, ER stress, and abnormal protein glycosylation.
Researchers created a single-nucleus resolution atlas of white adipose tissue in five depots, including subcutaneous, epididymal, mesenteric, perirenal, and pericardial tissues. The study reveals diverse cell types, with immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblast-adipogenic progenitors being more heterogeneous across depots.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that childhood vitamin D deficiency was widespread in industrialized England during the 18th and 19th centuries. Analysis of teeth from 25 individuals reveals a high incidence of VDD, with males affected more frequently than females, possibly related to social dynamics.
Researchers have developed an AI-driven test that accurately diagnoses ovarian cancer in women clinically classified as normal, improving detection of early-stage disease. The test uses machine learning and blood metabolite information to assign a probability of disease presence or absence, offering a more clinically informative approach.
A study published in Nature Metabolism reveals that obesity is associated with the fragmentation of mitochondria in fat cells, leading to reduced energy burning and weight gain. Researchers identified a single gene responsible for this process and found that deleting it protected mice from diet-induced weight gain.
Researchers developed a new method to predict diabetes early using just two values from a blood sample. The SPINA Carb method is based on mathematical modeling and has been shown to be more reliable than other markers of glucose metabolism.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed a material to selectively oxidize urea in water, producing hydrogen gas. The material, made of nickel and cobalt atoms with tailored electronic structures, enables the efficient conversion of urea into hydrogen through an electrochemical reaction.
Water bears' remarkable hardiness is linked to a molecular sensor that detects free radicals, triggering dormancy. Cysteine oxidation plays a key role in this process, enabling tardigrades to respond to environmental stressors.
TRPC3 plays a crucial role in regulating Ca2+ influx in ALD, with its loss linked to increased hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Experimental studies show that TRPC3 overexpression can restore chronic alcohol-induced liver damage.
Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and their French partners receive funding for two distinctive biology projects through the ANR-DFG program. The EVOMET project investigates plant metabolism, while the NeuroDevFunc project explores how fruit flies process visual motion generated by self-movement.
Researchers at the Boyce Thompson Institute discovered a novel family of metabolites called acylspermidines that are linked to sirtuin activity. These compounds were found to influence lifespan in C. elegans and cell proliferation in mammals, providing new insights into the physiological functions of spermidine and sirtuins.
Researchers found a single gene involved in iron-sulphur clusters crucial for TB bacterium's persistence. The IscS gene helps regulate the SUF operon, preventing hypervirulence and allowing the bacteria to survive harsh lung conditions.
A recent study published in Nature reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts dietary lipid processing in enterocytes, leading to abnormal fat accumulation and impaired nutrient delivery. The findings provide new insights into the gastrointestinal symptoms of mitochondrial disease and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have discovered a new control mechanism that drives the maturation of human stem cell-derived heart muscle cells, providing fresh insight into cardiac regenerative therapy and disease modeling. The study identifies RBFox1 as a key intrinsic regulator of heart muscle cell maturation.
A UC San Diego study found biomarkers in blood that can help identify individuals at high risk of becoming suicidal, offering a new approach to personalize mental health care. The researchers also discovered sex-based differences in how depression impacts cell metabolism and identified potential targets for future drugs.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona discover iron accumulation as a driver of pathological senescence and fibrosis, highlighting its role in various fibrotic disorders. The study identifies potential methods for non-invasive assessment and treatment of fibrotic diseases via MRI and chemical compounds.
Researchers found that switching fruit flies to a low-calorie diet extends their lifespan, even in old age. This study suggests that obese humans may benefit from reducing calorie intake in old age, as it can dramatically change their metabolisms and extend their lives.
Researchers discovered that intestinal epithelium-derived exosomes, specifically containing miR-21a-5p and miR-145a-5p, reduce liver lipid deposition in mice. These findings suggest a novel pathway for the intestine to regulate liver lipid homeostasis, providing potential targets for NAFLD prevention and treatment.
A plant-based diet has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 24%, with benefits attributed to improved metabolism and liver function. Additionally, healthy eating patterns were found to improve organ function, particularly in individuals with genetic predispositions or other risk factors.
A new study by Texas A&M University researchers found a significant decrease in measles antibody concentrations with increasing urinary arsenic levels in children with low serum folate levels. Folate intake may mitigate the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure, but the unequal impact of arsenic by sex remains unclear.
Researchers discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) in mitochondria inhibits pyruvate entry, facilitating cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Downregulation of YBX1 promotes cellular oxygen consumption and reduces lactic acid production, while inhibition of the MPC1/2 complex by YBX1 enhances metastatic capacity.
Regular exercise training boosts memory and spatial cognition in obese mice, reducing age-related cognitive decline and inflammation. The study highlights the crucial role of physical activity in preventing obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
A study by researchers from Osaka University found that HSP47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is significantly expressed in fat tissue and correlates with body fat levels. High or low HSP47 expression was linked to high or low body fat levels in both humans and mice.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism for removing RNA-protein crosslinks induced by aldehydes, which can damage cellular function. This discovery sheds light on the effects of aldehydes on human cells and may be particularly important for maintaining cell function in older individuals.
A new study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison suggests that reducing isoleucine intake can extend lifespan and improve health outcomes. Mice on a low-isoleucine diet lived 33% longer and showed better health markers than those on a balanced diet.
Researchers analyzed genes and brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease to find sex-specific differences in immune function, cellular metabolism, and communication between brain cells. The study suggests that these differences contribute to women's increased risk for the disease and its severity.
A recent study reveals that intestinal MCT1 regulates inflammation and metabolism in a sex-dimorphic pattern, with male mice showing enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation, while female mice experience exacerbation of diet-induced obesity. The study suggests that gender-specific treatments are needed for metabolic disorders.