Articles tagged with Metabolism
Researchers discovered a unique protective mechanism in pancreatic β-cells, relying on elevated levels of pro-survival proteins like cFLIP. This discovery challenges the dominant paradigm and offers new insights into diabetes research, potentially leading to novel strategies for preserving β-cell function.
The article reviews the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L., revealing its secondary metabolite compounds' bioactivity test results. Researchers found that all parts of the plant have potential to develop medicine.
A special issue of the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics explores the effects of various fasting regimens on body weight, cardiometabolic disease risk, and sleep. The study found that time-restricted eating can result in clinically meaningful weight loss and reduction in liver enzymes in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Van Andel Institute discovered over 1,000 previously undetected proteins in common metabolite samples that persist despite extraction methods. A novel protocol for removing these proteins was developed to improve future metabolomics experiments.
Researchers analyzed fecal samples from fat cats undergoing different dietary changes and found striking similarities to human studies, particularly in the presence of short-chain fatty acids. The study suggests that feline gut microbiome shifts may correlate with metabolic outcomes and provide valuable insights for obesity treatment.
Researchers develop a phytic acid-based nanomedicine that targets and inhibits the mTOR pathway, reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in liver tissue. The treatment shows promise in alleviating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and improving liver function.
A Mediterranean diet-based intervention has been shown to optimize cardiometabolic biomarkers in children and adolescents. The study found that this dietary approach can help improve cardiovascular health in young people, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases later in life.
Researchers used optical metabolic imaging to study the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on host cells. They found that infected cells became more oxidized and had changes in glucose and lactate levels, highlighting the parasite's impact on metabolism.
Researchers isolated three bacterial strains that produce amylase enzymes from sugar factory waste, showing great potential for production. The optimal conditions for amylase production were found to be 37°C and pH 7.0, leading to increased enzyme activity.
Researchers have discovered that the Greenland shark's metabolism remains unaltered over time, suggesting a key role in its exceptional longevity of at least 270 years. The study also found that metabolic enzymes were more active at higher temperatures, challenging previous assumptions about the species' adaptation to cold environments.
The Texas A&M Center for Environmental Health will promote research in four areas of environmental health, including climate change and health, environment and metabolism, and environmental justice and policy. The center aims to facilitate collaboration between researchers and make funding more accessible for junior faculty.
A recent study found that a genetic variant associated with obesity risk also influences thermogenesis in humans, suggesting an African origin story linked to adapting to cold environments. The research team analyzed the rs1421085 T>C variant and its correlation with human migration routes.
Researchers found that facial temperatures are associated with chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure. They discovered specific regions of the face where temperatures correlate with age and health, including the nose, eyes, and cheeks.
A study by Pusan National University researchers found that repeated item development training enhances faculty members' accuracy in predicting and adjusting item difficulty levels, leading to better educational outcomes. The training improved the quality of MCQ assessments in medical education.
A new technique, METAPHOR, visualizes embryo metabolism to predict implantation success and full-term birth, increasing the probability of success in assisted reproduction processes.
A new study published in Nature Metabolism found that daily fluctuations in the gut microbiome alter its composition significantly throughout the day. The researchers propose standardized guidelines for consistency in sample collection times and methodology to address the replicability crisis in microbiome research.
Researchers found significant discrepancies between actual and labelled amounts of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Urolithin A (UA) in anti-ageing supplements. The discrepancies ranged from none to 28% more than stated amounts, highlighting a critical issue in the supplement industry.
A new study from the University of Oklahoma found that measuring circulating microRNAs is likely as effective as measuring blood sugar levels in determining how young people with type 2 diabetes will fare. The study also found a 20% decrease in beta cell function during the first six months of treatment.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland finds that a healthy diet is associated with lower blood glucose levels and a reduced risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The association holds true for individuals with both low and high genetic risk, suggesting a universal benefit of healthy eating.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Health Rogel Cancer Center discovered that pediatric DIPG tumors have a distinct metabolic pathway that allows them to evade treatment. By inhibiting this pathway, radiation therapy became effective in killing cancer cells.
A study found that dysregulated YAP signaling promotes aortic dissection formation by reducing intrinsic smooth muscle cell stiffness. Decreased AoSMC stiffness leads to increased elastin fragmentation and deficient collagen production, promoting AD formation.
Research from Stockholm University reveals that marsupials possess a not fully evolved form of brown fat, a crucial finding for understanding the origin and regulation of this heat-producing organ. The study suggests that the gene networks required to enable thermogenesis existed before the divergence of marsupials and placental mammals.
The study clarifies the role of GPR35 in liver zonation and MASLD by analyzing spatial multi-omics data. Key findings include the regulation of lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes across different liver regions.
Hyperuricemia has become the fourth most common chronic metabolic condition in China, affecting over 185 million individuals. A recent study by Professor YIN Huiyong's team reveals a mechanism linking fatty acid oxidation to hepatic urate synthesis and hyperuricemia.
Higher Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk. The study found that cardiometabolic factors played a partial role in this inverse association.
Researchers at Virginia Tech developed a visual tool to assess the rewarding properties of foods, using images of minimally and ultra-processed foods matched across 26 characteristics. The study aims to provide better tools for measuring the effects of ultra-processed foods on health outcomes.
Researchers discovered that just eight new biochemical reactions can bridge the gap between simple geochemistry and biochemistry, indicating a limited loss of biochemistry to time. This finding suggests that even extinct reactions can be rediscovered from clues left behind in modern biochemistry.
Researchers found that high temperatures improved insulin resistance in obese mice by breaking down ceramides, a key contributor to the condition. The study suggests hyperthermia therapy as a novel approach to treating obesity and metabolic diseases.
The study reveals that FLVCR1 and FLVCR2 transport choline and ethanolamine across cellular membranes, supporting cell growth and stability. This discovery contributes to understanding rare diseases and developing new therapies for patients suffering from severe neurological and muscular disorders.
A new type of immune cell, MR1T cells, has been found to detect cancer cells through metabolic traces. This discovery opens up new avenues for targeted therapies against various types of cancer. The cells recognize altered metabolism in cancer cells, which produces specific molecules on the surface.
Researchers at the State University of Campinas found that daily consumption of jaboticaba peel improved glucose metabolism even after meals. The study showed lower post-prandial glycemia and less inflammation in volunteers with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Researchers evaluated anemia cases using stringent clinical and laboratory criteria, identifying rare congenital sideroblastic anemias and nonsideroblastic iron defects with pathogenic gene mutations. This study highlights the importance of active screening and awareness for these conditions in the Indian subcontinent.
Researchers found that longer sprint interval training protocols, such as SIE20, outperform shorter protocols like SIE10 in increasing peripheral oxidative metabolism. This study's findings suggest that less-than-15-minute exercise regimens can provide significant health benefits.
Scientists have discovered a way to break down styrene, a toxic plastic component, using microorganisms that produce an enzyme called styrene oxide isomerase. This enzyme accelerates the conversion of styrene into a less toxic compound, offering a potential solution for biodegradable plastics.
A new study published in Nature Metabolism challenges the common perception that high lactate levels are bad for athletes. Lactate is found to be a normal product of metabolic activity, and it plays a crucial role in managing glucose levels after consuming carbohydrates.
Researchers found that a small number of biochemical pathways are responsible for the majority of metabolic changes in autism. These changes may be linked to the cell danger response and can be partially restored with existing pharmaceutical drugs.
A new study from Washington State University found that just a few days on a night shift schedule can disrupt protein rhythms related to blood glucose regulation and energy metabolism. This dysregulation may lead to chronic metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
The American Society for Nutrition's NUTRITION 2024 will bring together thousands of experts to share emerging scientific and policy developments in food, nutrition, and public health. Over 1,600 original research studies will be presented during the meeting.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new class of drugs that block mitochondrial function and reverse diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes in mice. The treatment increased fat metabolism, leading to drastic weight loss and restored glucose tolerance.
Researchers explore plant-based therapeutic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine formulas as alternatives to treat IBD, while also developing advanced diagnostic tools using metabolomics analysis. The studies found significant improvements in symptoms of IBD and treatment outcomes for chemotherapy-related toxicity.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discover that liver mitochondria adapt to food presence via nerve cells, leading to improved insulin sensitivity. This finding could pave the way for new type 2 diabetes treatments.
Researchers identify TRMT10C enzyme causing methylation of ND5 mRNA, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced energy supply to the brain. Impairment of complex I in the respiratory chain contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Researchers found that plastic food packaging contains a vast array of toxic chemicals, affecting hormone secretion and metabolism. The study identifies 11 chemical combinations that can activate G-protein-coupled receptors, potentially disrupting bodily functions.
Researchers found that spinal cord injury triggers abnormal neuronal activity that causes abdominal fat tissue compounds to leak and pool in the liver and other organs. A short course of gabapentin, commonly prescribed for nerve pain, prevented this damaging metabolic effect.
Scientists at CNIC have identified mechanisms by which anthracyclines damage the hearts of cancer patients, leading to cardiac injury. The study suggests that a protein-enriched diet may prevent muscle atrophy caused by anthracycline chemotherapy.
Research reveals specific lipids accumulate in tissues as we age and can be decreased through exercise, according to a recent study published in Nature Aging. The findings suggest that exercise may have a role in reversing age-related changes in human muscle tissue.
Scientists at University of California San Diego discover how one TZD drug works and replicate its benefits in mice without side effects. Researchers identify specific microRNA responsible for beneficial metabolic effects, paving the way for potential new therapies for type 2 diabetes.
The review found women report lower sleep quality, more fluctuations, and higher likelihoods of developing restless legs syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder. Women's brains respond differently to food images after sleep deprivation, with increased emotional processing and activation.
Researchers at Nagoya University discover aldehydes cause DNA damage and contribute to premature aging in humans. The team proposes a link between aldehyde-derived DNA damage and premature aging, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
A study by researchers from the University of Gothenburg found that shy sea anemones can outlast bold ones during extreme heatwaves due to their slower metabolism. This survival strategy may be beneficial for other cold-blooded marine species exposed to rapid temperature changes.
Researchers found that genetic variations in THC-metabolizing enzymes can influence how young adults experience cannabis, with slower metabolizers at higher risk for cannabis use disorder. The study suggests educating teens about the differences in cannabis effects could improve their understanding of risk factors.
Researchers found that MAFB inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, reducing sympathetic nerve fiber density and impairing thermogenic capacity. This regulation plays a key role in maintaining body temperature in cold environments.
Researchers discovered that alternate day fasting aggravates atherosclerosis in mice by suppressing the expression of hepatic activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). ADF also increased cholesterol profiles, contradicting its protective effects against obesity and metabolic disorders. The study sheds light on the complex role of ATF3 ...
A recent discovery reveals that the natural molecule trigonelline can increase NAD+ levels and improve muscle function during ageing. Lower levels of trigonelline were found in older people with sarcopenia, a condition where muscles weaken and mass is lost.
Researchers have identified a gene responsible for the development of starvation-induced fatty liver in cavefish, which are able to protect their liver due to reduced fat accumulation. This genetic basis has implications for understanding and addressing liver conditions in humans, including Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Researchers found that Kallistatin expression increases after weight loss, improving hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese mice. This protein may be an interesting therapeutic target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Recent discoveries enable researchers to efficiently harness the glow of bioluminescent plants using a native plant gene. The compact gene acts as a bridge between plant metabolism and light production, allowing for a constantly changing spectacle of natural light.
A new approach enables scientists to measure entropy production at the nanoscale, shedding light on energy efficiency and metabolic processes in living systems. The study uses colloidal particles to measure fluctuations in the red blood cell membrane and apply minuscule forces to analyze heat flow.
A new biomarker, N-methylpyridinium, has been validated for coffee consumption and is considered a reliable qualitative biomarker. The substance is specific to roasted Arabica and Robusta coffee and can be easily detected in various body fluids after coffee consumption.
Research reveals that abnormal microbes in adipose tissue of postnatal growth retardation piglets alter energy metabolism and glycolipid balance. Supplementation with phosphatidylethanolamine alleviates metabolic disorders and improves growth.