Articles tagged with Metabolism
Researchers develop innovative hybrid control strategy to improve product yields in biosynthetic processes. The new approach combines model-based optimization with in-cell feedback control, outperforming traditional methods and promising reduced costs and environmental impact.
A study published in Nature reveals that dietary fructose promotes tumor growth in animal models of melanoma, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. The liver converts fructose into usable nutrients for cancer cells, a finding that could lead to new treatment avenues.
A U-shaped association between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was found in women, while a J-shaped trend was observed in men with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that optimal waist circumference thresholds for minimizing mortality risk are 107 cm for women and 89 cm for men.
A clinical study found increased permeability of the small intestine and inflammation in the gut, linked to higher body weight and insulin resistance. The researchers emphasize the need for further investigations into carrageenan's effects on human health.
A new study by University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen researchers found that jetlag impacts metabolism, causing reduced energy spent processing meals and changes in blood sugar and fat levels. The metabolic effects are temporary, recovering within 2-3 days, while impairment of sleep and alertness takes longer to recover.
A study reveals disproportionate burden of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among certain populations, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The research highlights the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health.
Dr. Philip Gold's landmark paper reveals depression's full-body impact, documenting structural brain changes and disruptions in hormone systems. His analysis highlights interconnected mechanisms underlying the disease, opening new therapeutic possibilities for innovative treatments targeting neuroendocrine dysfunction.
A team of researchers has discovered a previously unknown metabolic pathway involving beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a key ketone body. This finding suggests that ketones have additional roles in the body's metabolic landscape, potentially influencing appetite suppression and weight regulation under ketosis conditions.
A recent study found that CIDEC/FSP27 enhances PVAT inflammation and macrophage infiltration, exacerbating AAA formation induced by high-fat diet and Ang II. FSP27 deficiency attenuates HFD-induced PVAT inflammation and prevents AAA formation.
Researchers discovered a connection between the liver's internal clock and feeding centers in the brain, revealing that targeting this pathway could help people with disrupted circadian rhythms manage their weight. The study found that cutting the nerve connection in obese mice restored normal eating patterns and reduced food intake.
A new study led by Arizona State University researcher Michael Lynch explores the substantial energy demands required to maintain and evolve multicellular life. Multicellular organisms require a tenfold increase in energy compared to protists, highlighting how respiration and metabolic processes are crucial for advanced life forms.
Scientists have discovered a crucial protein called DMT1 that enables single-celled malaria parasites to use iron, essential for survival and reproduction. Blocking this protein may lead to effective antimalarial drugs.
Researchers developed a screening technique to filter out low-quality data in wearable sensors, improving the performance of smartwatches for noninvasive blood glucose estimation. The approach enhances accuracy by discarding data with high phase errors and approximating missing values.
A new study reveals that Oriental hornets are the only animals capable of consuming high concentrations of alcohol chronically without ill effects. The research found that the hornets metabolize alcohol rapidly and show no signs of intoxication or illness, even after consuming high amounts.
Researchers found that chronic cold exposure reverses feeding-regulated LPL activity during browning in WAT, highlighting the hepatic insulin signaling pathway's role. This process involves hepatic secretion factors ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8, offering new insights into energy expenditure and obesity prevention.
Researchers have built two key components of life: an energy conversion system and a nutrient transport system. The first system uses just five components to convert energy, while the second system uses only two components to transport nutrients. These simplified systems demonstrate the feasibility of creating a synthetic cell.
A new study has identified novel strains of microbes that have adapted to use limited resources in cities, including those found in Hong Kong's subways and skin. These microbes can metabolize manufactured products, posing health risks if they are pathogenic.
Researchers found Itaconate stimulates immune cells to produce anti-viral proteins called interferons by blocking an enzyme called SDH, offering a potential therapy for autoimmune and infectious diseases.
Researchers developed a novel method to enhance the efficacy of MSC-based therapy for articular cartilage repair by adding ascorbic acid during MSC expansion. The addition improved chondrogenic differentiation, reduced cell heterogeneity, and showed a robust shift in metabolic profile.
A novel nanoparticle therapy targets fat absorption in the small intestine, showing significant potential to prevent diet-induced obesity. The treatment involves inhibiting an enzyme called Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2), which plays a critical role in fat absorption.
A new study found that HDL particle quality declines over time in women after menopause, increasing risk of episodic memory loss. Women with smaller, more functional HDL particles are less likely to experience cognitive decline.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that weight-loss surgery reduces pancreatic cancer risk among individuals with obesity by 44%, and among those with both obesity and type 2 diabetes by 79%. The study suggests that metabolic-bariatric surgery may play a crucial role in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer.
A new study from the University of Waterloo suggests that men and women should eat different breakfasts to lose weight. The research found that men's metabolisms respond better to high-carbohydrate meals after fasting, while women are better served by higher-fat meals.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in creating nanoparticles that can modify the immune system to accept transplanted organs without compromising it. This new approach has potential implications for treating diabetes, cell therapy, and autoimmune disorders, offering hope for patients who currently face rejection.
Researchers have identified liver X receptor beta as a promising target for treating depression and anxiety, with key findings including LXRβ's role in regulating neurotransmission and neurogenesis. This breakthrough could lead to novel therapies for treatment-resistant depression and personalized medicine approaches in psychiatry.
A six-month study found that reducing daily sitting by 40 min/day can prevent back pain from worsening. The researchers suggest trying to reduce sitting at work or leisure time, but emphasize the importance of physical activity such as walking or brisk exercise.
A research team has developed a simplified synthesis method for organic fluorophores using formaldehyde, reducing molecular size and increasing atomic efficiency. The new technique can also be applied to in vivo environments, showing promise for life sciences research and diagnostics applications.
A recent study found that limiting food consumption within a 10-hour window per day improved key indicators of heart health in adults with metabolic syndrome. The study demonstrated significant reductions in blood sugar and cholesterol levels, as well as lower levels of hemoglobin A1c, a marker of long-term blood sugar management.
Researchers developed a novel method to analyze microfossils, shedding light on the evolution of life. The technique identified phospholipid cell membranes and nitrogen-fixing metabolic enzymes in 1.9-billion-year-old fossils.
Researchers found that low extracellular sodium concentrations decrease specific mRNA expression and nitric oxide production in microglia, potentially contributing to hyponatremia-induced neuronal dysfunctions. Microglial activation can lead to inflammation and regulate neurotransmission.
A study found that every 1% decrease in BMI leads to a 4% reduction in cardiovascular risk. Blood sugar control also lowers the risk of chronic kidney disease independently of weight change.
A new study led by Penn State researchers found that high-level collegiate sports stress can lead to unhealthy attitudes about eating and inadequate caloric intake. Athletes, especially female ones, are at risk for energy deficiency, eating disorders, and bone loss if they don't consume enough calories.
Research found that bacteria have specific dietary preferences for lipids, influencing their degradation rates and efficiency in the ocean's mesopelagic zone. This study highlights the importance of microbial interactions and community dynamics in controlling global carbon fluxes.
A case-control study found an association between abnormal birth metabolic analytes and sudden infant death syndrome, suggesting potential early risk identification. The study's findings could inform future research and clinical efforts focused on monitoring and preventing SIDS.
A study found that island-dwelling animals have slower metabolisms and produce offspring later, making them more susceptible to extinction. This adaptation helps them thrive in pristine environments but also makes them vulnerable to human activities.
Research explores relationship between cardiac metabolism dysfunction and heart failure in the elderly, revealing potential therapeutic targets for improved cardiac outcomes. The study highlights the critical role of Pdk4 and MIF in cardiac metabolism, suggesting innovative treatments to manage interconnected cardiovascular conditions.
Researchers created a mouse model to study relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs), revealing the syndrome impacts the entire body and affects males and females differently. REDs leads to hormonal and reproductive issues, insomnia and fatigue, bone weakness and injury, and anxiety and depression.
Scientists discovered the highest natural blood sugar levels in mammals, found in a species of bats that can survive on a diet rich in sugars. The study's findings suggest that these bats have evolved unique strategies for glucose regulation, which may hold potential for managing metabolic diseases in humans.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys discovered that specific macrophage subpopulations, including TREM2+, are critical for resolving MASH and liver fibrosis. These cells help reduce inflammation, slow disease progression, and promote healing.
Van Andel Institute researchers identified two routes for acetyl-CoA production in immune cells, allowing them to maintain their function even when one pathway is impaired. This metabolic flexibility could inform tailored dietary strategies to augment existing cancer treatments and improve immunotherapies.
Researchers discovered that pythons' hearts grow 25% in the first 24 hours after eating, with specialized genes kicking into action to boost metabolism fortyfold. This process could lead to novel treatments for cardiac fibrosis and other modern-day ailments.
Scripps Research scientists discovered a molecule produced by roundworm intestines that signals the brain to slow fat loss when food is not available. The discovery sheds light on why fasting has benefits independent of calorie intake and may lead to new treatments for obesity and diabetes.
Researchers discovered that sponges in the Gulf of Eilat employ a unique tactic to deter predators by storing high concentrations of toxic molybdenum. The symbiotic relationship between the sponge and a bacterium enables this process, allowing the sponge to accumulate metals and neutralize their toxicity.
A new study by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that probiotics can improve the immune system and behavior of both mothers and their offspring during pregnancy. Probiotics may also help counteract negative effects of prenatal stress, such as changes in brain inflammation and amino acid metabolism.
A University of Oklahoma researcher is investigating how prenatal inflammation increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and autism. She hopes to find a way to promote fetal resilience to inflammation using antioxidants like PQQ.
Studies in mice reveal that orexin plays a key role in deciding between physical activity and consuming food, particularly when both options are available. By understanding this process, scientists aim to develop strategies to overcome exercise barriers and address the global obesity epidemic.
Researchers discovered a unique protective mechanism in pancreatic β-cells, relying on elevated levels of pro-survival proteins like cFLIP. This discovery challenges the dominant paradigm and offers new insights into diabetes research, potentially leading to novel strategies for preserving β-cell function.
The article reviews the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L., revealing its secondary metabolite compounds' bioactivity test results. Researchers found that all parts of the plant have potential to develop medicine.
A special issue of the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics explores the effects of various fasting regimens on body weight, cardiometabolic disease risk, and sleep. The study found that time-restricted eating can result in clinically meaningful weight loss and reduction in liver enzymes in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Van Andel Institute discovered over 1,000 previously undetected proteins in common metabolite samples that persist despite extraction methods. A novel protocol for removing these proteins was developed to improve future metabolomics experiments.
Researchers analyzed fecal samples from fat cats undergoing different dietary changes and found striking similarities to human studies, particularly in the presence of short-chain fatty acids. The study suggests that feline gut microbiome shifts may correlate with metabolic outcomes and provide valuable insights for obesity treatment.
Researchers develop a phytic acid-based nanomedicine that targets and inhibits the mTOR pathway, reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in liver tissue. The treatment shows promise in alleviating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and improving liver function.
A Mediterranean diet-based intervention has been shown to optimize cardiometabolic biomarkers in children and adolescents. The study found that this dietary approach can help improve cardiovascular health in young people, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases later in life.
Researchers used optical metabolic imaging to study the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on host cells. They found that infected cells became more oxidized and had changes in glucose and lactate levels, highlighting the parasite's impact on metabolism.
Researchers isolated three bacterial strains that produce amylase enzymes from sugar factory waste, showing great potential for production. The optimal conditions for amylase production were found to be 37°C and pH 7.0, leading to increased enzyme activity.
The Texas A&M Center for Environmental Health will promote research in four areas of environmental health, including climate change and health, environment and metabolism, and environmental justice and policy. The center aims to facilitate collaboration between researchers and make funding more accessible for junior faculty.
Researchers have discovered that the Greenland shark's metabolism remains unaltered over time, suggesting a key role in its exceptional longevity of at least 270 years. The study also found that metabolic enzymes were more active at higher temperatures, challenging previous assumptions about the species' adaptation to cold environments.
Researchers found that facial temperatures are associated with chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure. They discovered specific regions of the face where temperatures correlate with age and health, including the nose, eyes, and cheeks.
A recent study found that a genetic variant associated with obesity risk also influences thermogenesis in humans, suggesting an African origin story linked to adapting to cold environments. The research team analyzed the rs1421085 T>C variant and its correlation with human migration routes.
A new technique, METAPHOR, visualizes embryo metabolism to predict implantation success and full-term birth, increasing the probability of success in assisted reproduction processes.