Articles tagged with Metabolism
A study by Eötvös Loránd University researchers reveals that the iron uptake mechanism by plastids in the absence of light is similar to photosynthesis. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of plant-based foods as a source of essential iron for humans.
Researchers found that ranolazine, a heart medication, slows down tumor progression and increases visibility of melanoma cells to the immune system. This combination could improve response rates for immunotherapies in patients with melanoma.
A new imaging technique, tau PET, has been shown to predict cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients with greater accuracy than current methods. This breakthrough could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes.
A study published in Liver Research found that glucokinase activators (GKAs) improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity. However, GKAs also induced hepatic lipid accumulation, which activated the PERK-UPR signaling pathway.
Researchers discovered CYP450s exhibit unique soft-robotic properties, acting as sensors and responding to stimuli. The findings open up new avenues in soft-robotics research, potentially revolutionizing fields like AI design and nanomachine synthesis.
Researchers at UC Riverside discovered that female mice secrete more RELMalpha, an immune protein, which protects them against obesity and inflammation. In contrast, male mice have lower levels of RELMalpha, leading to increased inflammation and obesity.
A study published in Hepatology reveals that abnormal pre-mRNA splicing is associated with liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The researchers propose targeting specific splicing factors as a novel approach to mitigate the disease.
Researchers discovered lactate's role in helping neural stem cells develop into specialized neurons. Lactate sends signals to cells, modifying and strengthening neuronal functions. The study provides insight into lactate signaling in the nervous system, with potential applications for preventing or controlling cognitive diseases.
Researchers found that mannose inhibits the growth of certain types of cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to chemotherapy. Mannose has been shown to trigger 'honeybee syndrome' in these cells, which impairs DNA synthesis and replication.
Researchers developed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering, demonstrating potential for clinical applications. The scaffolds can reconstruct desired tissue EM through non-invasive ultrasonic stimulation, promoting cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation.
A team from the University of Tokyo combines economic theory with biology to understand how natural systems respond to change. They use the Slutsky equation to discover that different metabolic systems share previously unknown universal properties, which can be understood using tools from other academic fields.
Researchers discovered a hormone in adipose tissue that protects beta cells, which make insulin, in lean individuals and reverses damage in obese people. The study provides hope for developing novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate obesity-related health problems.
A new database linking RNA editing to blood cell differentiation has been established, providing a platform to accelerate research on leukemia and other pathologies. The REDH database includes detailed information on RNA editing sites in healthy and malignant hematopoietic cells.
A comprehensive review of biochemical markers for bone fragility in diabetes identifies low bone turnover and alterations in bone quality as key factors. The study suggests that glycemic control, AGEs, and serum IGF-1 may have predictive value for fracture risk in patients with diabetes.
Plant microbiomes have the potential to make agriculture more sustainable, but understanding their complex interactions is crucial. Researchers have developed models that use metabolic capabilities of bacteria to predict how these microbial communities compete or cooperate.
Research shows that wild birds in vineyards are highly susceptible to triazole fungicide contamination, disrupting hormones and metabolism, impacting reproduction and survival. Vineyards use significantly more fungicides than other crops, posing a unique threat to bird populations.
A new study from Aarhus University reveals that female athletes who consume too little energy through their diet in comparison to their training volume experience negatively impacted muscles' ability to respond to training. The study shows that insufficient energy intake can lead to changes in the hormonal system, including a decrease ...
A 12-year study by Pennington Biomedical researchers found that metabolic surgery provides better results, less regression, compared to medical or lifestyle intervention for patients with class 1 obesity. The study showed significant improvements in glycemic control and weight loss, with high rates of diabetes remission.
A new study by University of California, Berkeley biologist Robert Dudley found that hummingbirds happily sip from sugar water with up to 1% alcohol by volume, without being repelled by it. The research suggests that birds are likely consuming ethanol produced by natural fermentation in flowers and nectar-filled feeders.
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen discovered a new type of fat cell called SWAT cells that provide structural integrity to adipose tissue. These flexible cells can differentiate into various types, including fat cells and progenitor cells, suggesting a crucial role in adapting to metabolic conditions.
Researchers have discovered a new record of protosteroids in Earth's Middle Ages, extending the current molecular record of eukaryotes to 1600 million years ago. This finding provides a rare glimpse into the conditions surrounding the evolution of complex life and may shed light on the competitive demise of ancient eukaryote groups.
Defective myelin promotes disease-related changes in Alzheimer's by accelerating amyloid plaque deposition and overwhelming immune cells. Slowing down age-related myelin damage could lead to new therapies and prevent or slow down the disease.
The study used transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to stimulate the prefrontal cortex, a region involved in cognitive function. The results showed that tPBM modulated hemodynamic and metabolic activities in a wavelength- and site-specific manner.
A recent study has found that microbes play a crucial role in storing carbon in the soil, with a four-fold greater importance than other processes. This breakthrough could lead to improved soil health and increased food security through targeted farm management practices.
Researchers at Duke University have identified a climate feedback loop that could accelerate climate change. Monitoring mixotrophs, tiny organisms with dual metabolism modes, may allow us to anticipate the tipping point before it gets there. However, nutrient pollution poses a challenge to detecting early warning signals.
Researchers found that centenarians have a diverse gut virome with high microbial diversity associated with a healthy gut microbiome. The study suggests that intestinal bacteria and bacterial viruses may work together to promote healthy lifespan.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan found that a low-carb breakfast can significantly reduce blood sugar swings and improve glucose control. Participants who followed a low-carb breakfast plan showed lower glycemic variability and some were able to reduce their glucose-lowering medication.
CNIO researchers review the anticancer effects of various diets, including caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting. They argue that precision nutrition can be used to treat specific cancers based on tumor metabolism and patient characteristics.
Scientists have rebuilt the complex nanomachine in the laboratory that starts autophagy, revealing its sophisticated cellular mechanism. The study's findings could help develop future drugs to treat diseases based on a faulty autophagy process.
A study by CNIC researchers reveals that gamma-linolenic acid in breast milk binds to the retinoid X receptor protein, activating gene expression and influencing biological functions. This activation initiates genetic programs that equip mitochondria with the necessary enzymes and proteins to start consuming lipids as energy.
A new study suggests that high-sugar diets can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms by disrupting the colon's lining renewal process. The research found that a high-sugar diet led to impaired cell division and altered metabolic pathways in mice, resulting in faster gut damage.
A new study suggests that cold exposure in the morning may be more effective at boosting metabolism and burning fat than in the evening, especially in men. In women, however, there was no significant difference in response to cold exposure times, but they were more tolerant of cold in the morning.
Research reveals that certain bacteria can replace essential lanthanides with actinides to sustain their metabolism. The findings suggest a possible role for these bacteria in decontaminating areas contaminated with radioactive elements or separating lanthanides and actinides for analytical purposes.
A new paper by Robert K. Naviaux outlines the array of processes that drive healing and whose dysfunction underlies chronic illnesses like diabetes and autism. The cell danger response is triggered by exposure to threats, but persists even after the threat is gone, causing inflammation and cell dysfunction.
Researchers in China have created a simple nomogram using easily accessible and automatable detected routine clinical indicators to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Wilson's disease. The study identified six independent predictors of the disease, including serum copper and direct bilirubin.
Professor Bess Dawson-Hughes has been recognized with the 2023 IOF President’s Award for her significant contributions to advancing osteoporosis research and treatment. Her extensive body of work has led to a greater understanding of nutrition's role in age-related bone loss.
Sons of women with PCOS are two times more likely to develop obesity and have high levels of male hormones, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A mouse study confirms these findings, showing fat tissue and metabolism problems in the offspring despite a healthy diet.
Researchers develop a technique to visualize carnitine distribution in muscle fiber cells, finding higher concentrations in slow-type fibers. The study reveals rapid transport of carnitine into muscle cells during contraction, shedding light on metabolic processes and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University found that a portable breath test can detect changes in metabolism in response to diet. The study used the Lumen device to monitor metabolic fuel use at home and showed that it could detect acute changes in carbohydrate use, but was not sensitive on a day-to-day basis.
Researchers have engineered yeast Ogataea polymorpha to produce fatty alcohols from sole methanol by coupling peroxisomal metabolism. This approach improves cellular fitness and enables high-level production of up to 3.6 g/L. The study provides a feasible engineering strategy for sustainable production of fatty alcohols.
Research finds diclofenac's high variability in metabolism due to UGT2B17, a little-studied enzyme. The study suggests genetic testing and dose adjustments for specific populations can help minimize side effects.
A study from MedUni Vienna found that macrophages in the duodenum control iron absorption by degrading transferrin. This discovery may lead to new treatment options for inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infections.
The AChemS meeting brings together scientists to understand the fundamental mechanisms of chemosensory systems and their impact on behavior. Key findings include presentations on learning and memory in the chemical senses and physiology of extraoral taste receptors.
Edward Chouchani, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School, has been awarded the $50,000 Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science. His research focuses on understanding metabolic disease using mass spectrometry and biochemical approaches.
Scientists at UMass Amherst found that migrating birds burn high amounts of protein early in their flights, which then taper off as the duration increases. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about bird migration and fuels further research into the evolution of metabolism.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered that insulin can be stored at room temperature for four weeks, quadrupling its previous storage period. This finding has significant implications for global health, particularly in developing countries where insulin is often in short supply and expensive.
Researchers found that endotherms have well-developed turbinates and larger nasal cavities than ectotherms, helping to cool their brains. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of nasal cooling in warm-blooded animals from their theropod dinosaur ancestors.
Researchers have developed a glycine-based tripeptide that successfully treats nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in non-human primates and mice. The compound, DT-109, reverses fat buildup and prevents scarring by stimulating fatty acid degradation and antioxidant formation.
A study from Indiana University School of Medicine found that people with NAFLD have significantly decreased levels of the liver enzyme CYP2C19, which is important for medication processing. This decrease may lead to slower clearance of certain medications and reduced effectiveness of medicines like antidepressants and clopidogrel.
A new platform has been established to improve the analysis of dynamic metabolic features in cells. The Raman-based flow cytometry tool allows for the profiling of cell populations without labeling or destroying them, providing a non-invasive big-data type for culture-independent phenomes.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered that beneficial microbes in infant gut use nitrogen from human milk to support pediatric nutrition and development. The study provides new insights into the molecular underpinnings of these processes, which could lead to improved infant health around the world.
Researchers found that dieting amplifies neural signals of hunger in the brain, leading to increased food intake and weight gain. This long-term change could be a key target for developing therapies to prevent the yo-yo effect.
A study by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft researchers found that consuming small amounts of high-fat and high-sugar foods regularly rewires the brain, leading to a preference for these types of food.
Researchers found that eating small amounts of high-fat and sugar foods regularly rewires the brain to prefer these types of foods. The brain's dopaminergic system is activated, leading to a subconscious preference for rewarding food.
A new study finds that ocean warming can impact the growth, metabolic rate, and gene activity of newly hatched clownfish larvae. The researchers found that warmer temperatures led to faster growth rates, higher metabolic rates, and changes in gene expression.
Researchers found that hummingbirds can enter into deep or shallow torpor, and their ability to do so is tied to their evolutionary conquest of mountain habitats. Torpor duration varies depending on ambient temperature and physical condition.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have found a way to spur brain immune cells to clear toxic waste linked to Alzheimer’s disease by targeting their metabolism. The study reveals a ‘metabolic switch’ in the brain’s immune cells that can be manipulated to improve their function.
A phase two trial found that exenatide significantly reduced brain pressure and monthly headaches in seven patients with Idiopathic Intercranial Hypertension (IIH). The study showed a rapid action of the drug, with results indicating significant reductions in brain pressure and headache days compared to the placebo arm.
A Keck School of Medicine study found exposure to PFAS, known as 'forever chemicals,' disrupts key biological processes in children and young adults, increasing risk of diseases such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The study highlights the importance of regulating PFAS as a class of chemicals.
Scientists at Ben-Gurion University have discovered a groundbreaking treatment approach targeting the mitochondrial gatekeeper VDAC1 for Alzheimer's disease. The new therapy, VBIT-4, demonstrates significant improvement in mouse models, preventing cell death and neuroinflammation while promoting healthy neuron growth.